Development and Protective Efficacy of a Novel Nanoparticle Vaccine for Gammacoronavirus Avain Infectious Bronchitis Virus.

: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a gammacoronavirus that causes a highly contagious disease in chickens and seriously endangers the poultry industry. The is a predominant lineage. However, no effective commercially available vaccines against this virus are available.

Analysis of Risk Factors for High-Risk Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is associated with certain features that carry an increased risk of local recurrence, underscoring the importance of preoperative risk assessment. This study investigated the clinicopathological factors associated with high-risk lymph node metastasis (HRLNM) and patient outcomes. HRLNM is defined as ≥5 metastatic lymph nodes and/or lateral neck metastasis.

Insights into the role of MSLN-positive circulating tumor cell as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) currently lacks highly specific biomarkers for clinical screening. This study aimed to identify and validate novel auxiliary diagnostic markers for EOC.

Methods: Through integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing data and single-cell RNA sequencing from public databases, we identified mesothelin (MSLN) as an EOC-specific target.

A biocompatible anti-aging gel mask prepared with sappanwood extract and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

The rising demand for natural skincare solutions has spurred significant interest in plant-based bioactive compounds. In this study, an optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process, guided by response surface methodology (RSM), was employed to efficiently isolate bioactive constituents from Sappanwood. The extracts exhibited exceptional antioxidant capacity and strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Processing reliant on granule cells is essential for motor learning but dispensable for social preference and numerous other cerebellar-dependent behaviors.

Mossy fiber inputs are transformed into cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) outputs by granule cell (GC)-dependent processing. Cerebellar dysfunction leads to motor, learning, emotional, and social deficits that are usually attributed to altered PC firing arising from impaired processing of mossy fiber inputs, even though PCs also fire independently of GCs. To isolate their contributions to cerebellum-dependent behaviors, we either disrupt GC signaling while leaving PC firing intact, or disrupt PC signaling to eliminate the influence of PCs.

Identification of a JAK-STAT-miR155HG positive feedback loop in regulating natural killer (NK) cells proliferation and effector functions.

The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function.

Exosomal PD-L1 derived from hypoxia nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell exacerbates CD8 T cell suppression by promoting PD-L1 upregulation in macrophages.

Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death ligand-1/programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) pathway exhibits limited effectiveness in individuals with recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recent studies have noted that hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers intricate interplay, termed "hypoxia-induced exosome-mediated communication", between cancer cells and various immune cells. However, the role of hypoxia in modulating the immunosuppressive environment and its implications on the efficacy of immunotherapy in NPC remains poorly understood.

Solvent Effect on the Chiral Arrangement for Two Achiral Metal-Organic Colloids in the Vortex Field: Rheological Study and Retention Study.

The vortex features a helical structure and exhibits macroscopic chirality. Over the past few decades, scientists have observed that several achiral compounds display chiroptical activity within the vortex field. The researchers believe that chiral arrangement may have occurred in this process.

Evaluation of Radiofrequency Ablation Safety and Efficacy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in Taiwan and Literature Review.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly recognized as a minimally invasive option for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided RFA for the treatment of PHPT in Taiwan. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with PHPT who underwent RFA at a single medical center between March 2020 and January 2023.

Impact of frailty assessment on outcomes in critical acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the hospital frailty risk measure (HFRM).

Background: Frailty impacts outcomes in critical Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This study evaluates three Hospital Frailty Risk Measure (HFRM) formats-continuous score, 8 risk groups, and binary classification-for predicting clinical outcomes.

Methods: Using 2129 critical AMI patients' data from MIMIC-IV, logistic and COX regression models assessed associations between HFRM formats and outcomes (ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, discharge with nursing support, one-year mortality), adjusted for age, gender, smoking, and NSTEMI.

Multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals histological features of three different intestinal polyp subtypes in pediatric patients.

Background: Histologically, our understanding of intestinal polyps remains limited in scope, particularly regarding the diverse subtypes observed in pediatric patients. To enhance our comprehension, three different polyp subtypes including solitary juvenile polyps (SJPs), juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS)-related polyps, and Peutz‒Jeghers syndrome (PJS)-related polyps were investigated.

Methods: This study used advanced multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) technology to analyze polyps comprising 4 SJP, 4 JPS and 4 PJS polyps from 12 individual patients who underwent colonoscopies or radical surgical procedures.

Comparative Analysis of Hearing Loss Induced by Cisplatin Versus Carboplatin in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Early to Mid-Term Findings.

Introduction: To investigate the clinical course of ototoxicity induced by induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (iCRT), and to determine whether replacing cisplatin with carboplatin in iCRT can reduce hearing damage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate hearing loss in patients with locally advanced NPC treated with carboplatin or cisplatin-based iCRT. Bone conduction hearing thresholds were measured before treatment and at 1 week, 3-6 months and 12-18 months following treatment.

Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis E vaccine in compensated liver cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B.

Objectives: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global health concern that causes acute hepatitis with severe consequences, particularly in patients with chronic liver disease. Despite the availability of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine (Hecolin), its safety and immunogenicity in patients with pre-existing liver cirrhosis remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of Hecolin in individuals with compensated liver cirrhosis who have chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem.

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, but most have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we use a PC-specific cre line to anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC projections to the brainstem.

Bioinspired nanofiber dressings with counter-transport of exudate and drug for treating heavily exuding wounds.

Heavily exuding wounds are difficult to heal due to the accumulation of a large amount of exudates and the difficulty in efficient delivery of drugs by conventional wound dressings. Herein, inspired by the microstructure and function of octopus sucker (OS) and tree trunk (TT), we propose a bioinspired strategy to fabricate novel bioinspired OS&TT bilayered wound dressing, assembled by a lower OS-like nanofiber membrane with concave convex arrays and an upper TT-like nanofiber sponge with vertically aligned pores. The integration of bioinspired concave arrays and vertically aligned pores endows the bioinspired OS&TT dressing with dual vertical suction property, enabling effective drainage of significant amount of accumulated liquid.

TLR7/8/9 agonists and low-dose cisplatin synergistically promotes tertiary lymphatic structure formation and antitumor immunity.

In situ vaccination (ISV) triggers antitumor immune responses using the patient's own cancer antigens, yet limited neoantigen release hampers its efficacy. Our novel combination therapy involves low-dose local cisplatin followed by ISV with a TLR7/8/9 agonist formulation (CR108), in which CR108 boosts and sustains the antitumor responses induced by the cisplatin-released neoantigens. In mouse models, the cisplatin+CR108 combination significantly outperformed cisplatin or CR108 alone in abrogating established 4T1 and B16 tumors.

Effect of corneal cross-linking on biomechanical properties of swollen rabbit corneas.

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is an effective method to prevent the progression of keratoconus. CXL combined with hypotonic riboflavin solution is a modified treatment for thin corneas, which are deemed to be below the safe thickness threshold. In this study, rabbit corneas were subjected to different hydration levels using different osmolarity of riboflavin dextran solutions before CXL.

Amplification characteristics of N lasing at multiple wavelengths generated by polarization-modulated femtosecond laser fields.

Multiple gain routes complicate the amplification behaviors of N2+ lasing. A direct comparison of the amplification processes of various lasing lines of N2+ is still lacking to date, mainly because the efficient generation of different lasing lines requires different experimental conditions. In this work, to overcome the limitation, we use an intense polarization-modulated femtosecond laser pulse to simultaneously produce high-intensity N2+ lasing signals at 391 nm and 428 nm, permitting us readily performing their time-domain characterizations.

In Vivo Imaging of Immune Rejection of MIN6 Cells Transplanted in C3H Mice.

Recently, we successfully utilized noninvasive magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging to track MIN6 cells subcutaneously transplanted in immunocompromised nude mice for up to 64 days. In this study, we further used bioluminescence imaging to investigate the immune rejection of MIN6 cells in immunocompetent C3H mice. A total of 5 × 10 luciferase-transfected MIN6 cells were implanted into the subcutaneous space of each nude or C3H mouse.

Roles of different Ni-Si interactions in methane combustion under oscillating temperature conditions.

The silicon- modified nickel oxide catalysts with the same compositions but distinct Ni-Si interactions were obtained via different synthesis routes and utilized for methane combustion under conditions of oscillating temperatures. For catalysts prepared by co-grinding, amorphous SiO was dispersed on the surface of large NiO crystallites. During high-temperature calcination or reactions, the crystallization of SiO, coupled with the sintering or decomposition of NiO crystallites, led to the inferior catalytic activity and stability.

mTOR Signaling Promotes Rapid m6A mRNA Methylation to Regulate NK-Cell Activation and Effector Functions.

NK cells can be rapidly activated in response to cytokines during host defense against malignant cells or viral infection. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms precisely and rapidly regulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in activating NK cells. In this study, we discovered that NK-cell N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation levels were rapidly upregulated upon short-term NK-cell activation and were repressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Research progress on optimization of isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application.

Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs.