Systems metabolic engineering of for the bioproduction of biliverdin and phycoerythrobilin.

Phycobiliprotein is an important co-pigment in photosynthesis, which is composed of the covalent combination of apoprotein and phycobilin. Biliverdin IXα and phycoerythrobilin are both important substances in the phycobiliprotein biosynthesis pathway. As an economic red seaweed, has a high content of phycoerythrin.

Genetic Population Structure and Distribution of the Small Giant Clam in Indo-Pacific Coral Reefs: History Dynamics, Present Status and Future Trends.

Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the high biodiversity in the Indo-Malay Archipelago (IMA), such as the center of origin, overlap zone, and accumulation center; yet these theories remain subjects of ongoing debate. The small giant clams, , are iconic inhabitants of coral reefs and are widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. However, due to overexploitation and climate change, wild populations of most giant clam species worldwide have been severely impacted and are now endangered.

Purification, characterization and the hemolytic mechanism of the hemolysin NnTX-45 from the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai.

Nemopilema nomurai, a large venomous jellyfish, caused numerous stinging incidents and even many fatal cases. The venom of N. nomurai contains various toxins, with hemolysin being one of the major components that play a crucial role in stinging.

A toxicokinetic study of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in marine planktonic food web-adsorption/absorption kinetics, biotransformation, transfer patterns along the food chain.

Concerns about the residual decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in marine environments are still existing as its ban of commercial use. Systematically toxicokinetic analysis of BDE-209 in planktonic food chains was conducted in this study, including the bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and transfer patterns of BDE-209 in the Chlorella sp.-Brachionus plicatilis/Tigriopus japonicus food chains.

Nucleophilic addition promoted ring rearrangement-aromatization in aza-/thio-sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.

The aromatization of terpenoid scaffold has received enduring attention as it introduces diverse structural alterations and endows bioactivity to the molecules. In this study, we discover a unique aromatization mechanism involving consecutive [1,2]-alkyl migrations initiated by intramolecular oxa/aza-nucleophilic addition in the biosynthesis of a family of eremophilane-like sesquiterpenoid derivatives, including farfugin A (1) and aza-janthinellin A (2a), a sesquiterpene-amino acid adduct. During this process, JanF, a flavoprotein functioning as a dehydrogenase, is demonstrated to be able to oxidize an allyl alcohol group of eremophilanes into an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, thereby facilitating the binding of primary amines to the sesquiterpene skeleton.

SHP-1 regulates T cell-mediated early adaptive immunity in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) infected with Mycobacterium marinum.

Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a vital negative regulator of immune cell signaling, yet its role in teleost early adaptive immune response remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of SHP-1 in early adaptive immune response and the potential underlying mechanisms in Chinese tongue sole (10 ± 2 g and 10 ± 1 cm) infected with Mycobacterium marinum. In this study, SHP-1 expression was artificially manipulated by overexpression and inhibition following bacterial infection, and the former reduced mortality by 33.

Exogenous proline promotes serum killing of .

, a common pathogen responsible for bloodstream infections, can evade clearance by the complement-dependent killing in serum, known as serum resistance. However, strategy in managing serum resistance is still lacking. In this study, we employed metabolomics to identify the metabolic features of .

Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane and the Sturtian deglaciation.

The Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations shaped Neoproterozoic palaeoenvironmental evolution. While methane emission likely intensified the Marinoan greenhouse effect, its role during the Sturtian glaciation-coinciding with widespread iron formations (IFs)-remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed bio-essential metals (Ni, Co, Zn), rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), Fe (δFe) and Ni (δNi) isotopes in hematite and magnetite, alongside bulk-rock and in-situ C isotopes of Mn-rich carbonates from five well-preserved Sturtian-aged IFs in South China.

Preconditioning of sediment failure by astronomically paced weak-layer deposition.

Low-strength sediment layers within continental slope strata precondition submarine sediment for failure, potentially leading to destructive tsunamis. Using geophysical and Ocean Drilling Program well data, here we show that the glide planes of widespread submarine failures in the northern South China Sea, dated to the glacial stages following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, have higher opal content, particle size, and porosity, which reduce the undrained shear strength. Cyclic weak-layer deposition, modulated at Milankovitch time scale, was controlled by increased ocean primary productivity and sedimentation rates linked to high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations and intensified winter monsoons.

Resistance and removal mechanisms of deep-sea Bacillus sp. A260 in mitigating Mn and microplastic pollution.

Driven by rapid industrial development, manganese (Mn) and microplastic pollution pose serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and human neurological health, highlighting the urgent need for effective control strategies. Bioremediation has gained increasing attention in recent years owing to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly nature. In this study, we isolated a Mn-resistant strain, Bacillus sp.

Miocene African topography induces decoupling of Somali Jet and South Asian summer monsoon rainfall.

The Miocene epoch, marked by significant tectonic and climatic shifts, presents a unique period to study the evolution of South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) dynamics. Previous studies have shown conflicting evidence: wind proxies from the western Arabian Sea suggest a weaker Somali Jet during the Middle Miocene compared to the Late Miocene, while rain-related records indicate increased SASM rainfall. This apparent decoupling of monsoonal winds and rainfall has challenged our understanding of SASM variability.

Surface-engineered hydrophobic hydrogels via cholesterol micelle rearrangement for robust wet adhesion and oral mucositis therapy.

Oral mucositis (OM), a prevalent and debilitating complication in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is characterized by persistent neuropathic pain and impaired food intake. Conventional treatments are often limited by poor mucosal adhesion in the dynamic, saliva-rich oral environment. To address this challenge, we developed a mussel-inspired robust wet adhesive hydrogel via cholesterol micelle rearrangement, in which negatively charged catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HD) forms a polyelectrolyte network with positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI), triggering cholesterol-micelle chain rearrangement and directional surface micelle aggregation to achieve hydrophobic hydrogel surface.

Identification, characterization, and expression analysis reveal regulatory roles of MCM genes in Patinopecten yessoensis under low-pH stress.

The Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), an ecomically important bivalve species, exhibits high susceptibility to ocean acidification. The growth retardation induced by low-pH stress poses a significant challenge for Yesso scallop aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood.

Zinc mitigates copper toxicity in Crassostrea gigas by regulating metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, and immune responses.

To elucidate the interaction between zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), this study investigates the mechanisms by which Zn mediates detoxification of Cu toxicity in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Physiological indices and transcriptome analyses under control (CTR), Cu, and Zn_Cu treatments reveal that excess Cu induces systemic toxicity in oysters. Cu accumulation in tissues alters metal transporters, downregulating Cu importers and exporters (Zn and Cu transporters) while upregulating chaperones and metallothionein (MT1) for detoxification.

9H-carbazole derivatives from a Streptomyces species under potassium iodide stress and their anti-inflammatory properties.

By continuously activating silent gene cluster of the marine-derived Streptomyces strain OUCMDZ-5511 under high salt stress, three new iodinated 9H-carbazole derivatives (1-3) and a novel oxazole-fused chlorinated 9H-carbazole derivative (4), along with five previously reported analogues (5-9), were obtained from the cultures grown with 7.5% potassium iodide (KI). The structures of these previously undocumented compounds were elucidated as 4-iodo-3-methoxy-9H-carbazole (1), 4-iodo-3-methoxy-9H-carbazole-6-ol (2), 4-iodo-3-methoxy-9H-carbazole-8-ol (3), and 10-chloro-9-methoxy-6H-oxazolo[5,4-c]carbazole (4), using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques.

Plankton community diversity-driven mutualism in medium-salinity ponds enhances growth of pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

The high-salinity pond aquaculture model has been widely accepted for its advantages in utilizing saline-alkali soil and enhancing shrimp quality. Plankton communities play critical roles in aquaculture ecosystems, but their responses to salinity gradients and impacts on Penaeus vannamei growth remain underexplored. This study investigated plankton dynamics, environmental drivers, and shrimp performance across three salinities in Binzhou, China.

Profiles of extracellular vesicle shutter proteins from Chlamys farreri stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in aquatic animals can resist pathogen infection by delivering bioactive substances between cells. Chlamys farreri, as a commercial aquaculture species, was used as the research object in this study to explore the possible innate immune regulation mediated by EVs. In this study, data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis was performed on EVs in the serum of C.

Genomic identification and functional characterization of the ACTIN gene family in relation to gonadal development and gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas).

The Actin gene family plays critical roles in cellular processes such as cytoskeletal organization and gametogenesis. In this study, a comprehensive genomic analysis of the Actin gene family in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was conducted, with a focus on its involvement in gonadal development. A total of 37 Actin genes were identified (including 19 Actin, 11 ARPs and 7 ALPs), which were classified into 14 subfamilies and were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes.

Chromosome-level haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the giant honeycomb oyster, Hyotissa hyotis.

The giant honeycomb oyster, Hyotissa hyotis, a common bivalve inhabitant of tropical and subtropical coastal waters, holds significant ecological and economic importance due to its shell characteristics, rapid growth, and high-quality adductor muscle. However, the lack of high-quality genome has impeded the genetic study and artificial breeding of this species. In this study, we provided the first chromosomal-level haplotype-resolved assembly for the H.

Screening of proteins interacting with PirA and PirB from Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a bacterial disease that primarily affects crustaceans such as shrimp. The causative agent is certain type of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) carrying the plasmid (pVA1) encoding the binary toxin proteins PirA and PirB. The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction mechanisms between PirA and PirB and the proteins of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Tissue Distribution and Abundance of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate in Naturally Infected .

The parasitic dinoflagellate is an infectious pathogen that causes severe enzootic in numerous economically important marine crustaceans worldwide. Previous research has focused on investigating the identification and life stages of parasites, while the parasite abundance and tissue proliferation process of in naturally infected crustacean hosts need to be further studied. In the present study, the tissue tropisms and intensity of were investigated in the naturally infected Chinese swimming crabs by both the qualitative (hemolymph assay, histology) and quantitative analysis (cell count, quantitative PCR).

PCNA's dual legacy in ciliates: Conserved replication scaffold and lineage-specific genome architect.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a central scaffold in eukaryotic DNA replication, repair, and epigenetic regulation. While its roles are well-characterized in canonical model organisms, ciliates, unicellular eukaryotes with nuclear dimorphism and programmed genome remodeling, offer unparalleled insights into PCNA's functional adaptability. Their unique biology, including replication-coupled DNA elimination, macronuclear amplification, and replication band dynamics, positions PCNA at the intersection of genome stability and plasticity.

The Primary Cultivation of Oogonial Stem Cells from Black Rockfish (): Morphology and Transcriptome Landscape.

Black rockfish () is a marine ovoviviparous teleost that exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, with females growing faster and reaching larger sizes than males. Establishing stable oogonial stem cells (OSCs) is critical for understanding germline stem cell dynamics and facilitating all-female breeding. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured OSCs from for 12 passages.

A Type Ia Crustin from the Pacific White Shrimp Exhibits Antimicrobial and Chemotactic Activities.

Crustins are a family of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), predominantly found in crustaceans, and play important roles in innate immunity. However, among the many reported crustins, few studies have explored their immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we investigated the immune function of a type I crustin (LvCrustinIa-2) in , with particular emphasis on comparing the roles of its different domains.