A toxicokinetic study of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in marine planktonic food web-adsorption/absorption kinetics, biotransformation, transfer patterns along the food chain.

Concerns about the residual decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in marine environments are still existing as its ban of commercial use. Systematically toxicokinetic analysis of BDE-209 in planktonic food chains was conducted in this study, including the bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and transfer patterns of BDE-209 in the Chlorella sp.-Brachionus plicatilis/Tigriopus japonicus food chains.

Efficient Electrocatalytic Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes by Interfacial Engineering of Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters.

Owing to its green energy and hydrogen sources, electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is an attractive alternative for industrial alkene production. However, its broad application is hindered by low selectivity and low Faradaic efficiency (FE) due to side reactions like over-hydrogenation to alkanes. Here, we demonstrate that atomically precise Ag(MHA) nanoclusters (NCs) can electrocatalyze alkyne semi-hydrogenation with 98 % conversion, 99 % selectivity, and 85 % FE, in a broad substrate pool.

Precision Metal Nanoclusters Meet Proteins: Crafting Next-Gen Hybrid Materials.

Metal nanoclusters (NCs), owing to their atomic precision and unique molecule-like properties, have gained widespread attention for applications ranging from catalysis to bioimaging. In recent years, proteins, with their hierarchical structures and diverse functionalities, have emerged as good candidates for functionalizing metal NCs, rendering metal NC-protein conjugates with combined and even synergistically enhanced properties featured by both components. In this Perspective, we explore key questions regarding why proteins serve as complementary partners for metal NCs, the methodologies available for conjugating proteins with metal NCs, and the characterization techniques necessary to elucidate the structures and interactions within this emerging bionano system.

Unraveling the Stoichiometric Interactions and Synergism between Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoparticles and Proteins.

Nanomaterials that engage in well-defined and tunable interactions with proteins are pivotal for the development of advanced applications. Achieving a precise molecular-level understanding of nano-bio interactions is essential for establishing these interactions. However, such an understanding remains challenging and elusive.

Future changes in coastal upwelling and biological production in eastern boundary upwelling systems.

Upwelling along oceanic eastern boundaries has attracted significant attention due to its profound effects on ocean productivity and associated biological and socioeconomic implications. However, uncertainty persists regarding the evolution of coastal upwelling with climate change, particularly its impact on future biological production. Here, using a series of state-of-the-art climate models, we identify a significant seasonal advancement and prolonged duration of upwelling in major upwelling systems.

Reactive oxygen species mediated extracellular polymeric substances production assisting the recovery of Thalassiosira pseudonana from polystyrene micro and nanoplastics exposure.

As emerging pollutants in the aquatic environments, micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) aroused widespread environmental concerns for their potential threats to the ecological health. Previous research has proved that microalgae growth could recover from the MNPs toxicities, in which the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might play the key role. In order to comprehensively investigate the recovery process of microalgae from MNPs stress and the effecting mechanisms of EPS therein, this study conducted a series of experiments by employing two sizes (0.

Bta-miR-301a targets ACVR1 to influence cleavage time and blastocyst formation rate of early embryos in cattle.

Accumulating evidence indicates that paternally-derived miRNAs play a crucial role in the development of early embryos and are regarded as the key factor in the successful development of somatic cell cloned embryos. In our previous study, bta-miR-301a was found to be highly expressed in bovine sperm, and was delivered into oocytes during fertilization. In this study, bioinformatics, dual luciferase reporter assays, rescue experiments and gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that ACVR1 is the target gene of bta-miR-301a in early bovine embryos.

UV-B radiation alleviated detrimental effects of polymethyl methacrylate microplastics on marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

Microplastics (MPs) in marine environments simultaneously affect microalgae with UV-B radiation, while their joint effecting mechanisms remain largely unknown. To fill this research gap, the joint effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) MPs and UV-B radiation (natural environments intensity) on the model marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were investigated. Antagonism was found between the two factors with regards to population growth.

Interfacial Design and Construction of Carbon Fiber Composites by Strongly Bound Hydroxyapatite Nanobelt-Carbon Nanotubes for Biological Applications.

Carbon fiber composites are promising candidates for orthopedic implant applications, which calls for a combination of high mechanical strength and outstanding biotribological properties. In this work, hydroxyapatite nanobelts-carbon nanotubes (HN) were designed and constructed into carbon fiber-anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (DCPA)-epoxy composites (CDE) for simultaneously optimizing the mechanical and biotribological properties via the combined methods of pulse electrochemical deposition and injected chemical vapor deposition. HN provides more nucleation sites for the growth of DCPA and favors the infiltration of epoxy.

The adsorption and absorption kinetics of BDE-47 by Chlorella sp. and the role of extracellular polymer substances influenced by environmental factors.

Microalgae act as the entrance of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from abiotic to biotic environments, which controlled the environmental fate of PBDEs in aquatic environments. Combing with typical coastal environmental characteristics including extracellular polymer substances (EPS) enrichment, light limitation and nitrogen starvation, the changes of adsorption and absorption kinetics of BDE-47 by Chlorella sp. and the role of EPS therein were investigated.

E74 knockdown represses larval development and chitin synthesis in Hyphantria cunea.

E74 is a key transcription factor induced by 20E, which plays a broad role in many physiological events during insect growth and development, including vitellogenesis, organ remodeling and new tissue formation, programmed cell death and metamorphosis. However, whether it is involved in regulating insect chitin biosynthesis remains largely unclear. Here, the E74 gene was identified for the first time from Hyphantria cunea, a notorious defoliator of forestry.

Different effecting mechanisms of two sized polystyrene microplastics on microalgal oxidative stress and photosynthetic responses.

Increasing marine microplastics (MPs) pollution potentially threatens the stability of phytoplankton community structures in marine environments. MPs toxicities to microalgae are largely determined by particle size, while the size-dependent mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, two sizes (0.

Supplementation with kaempferol relieves oxidative stress and enhances development of early bovine embryos in vitro.

Oxidative stress (OS) has been considered the principle cause of developmental failure of early embryos cultured in vitro; therefore, the addition of antioxidants is very important for improving in vitro culture (IVC) systems. Various antioxidants have been tested for IVC systems, but most have exhibited some side effects. Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-4 h-1-benzopyran-4-one, KAE) is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant activity and no obvious side effects.

Effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on dentine adhesion and the recovery application of sodium erythorbate.

Objectives: Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving.

Metformin-induced AMPK activation suppresses larval growth and molting probably by disrupting 20E synthesis and glycometabolism in fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury.

Metformin, considered to be a potent AMPK activator, is widely used for clinical therapy of cancer and diabetes due to its distinct function in regulating cell energy balance and body metabolism. However, the effect of metformin-induced AMPK activation on the growth and development of insects remains largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the role of metformin in regulating the growth and development of Hyphantria cunea, a notorious defoliator in the forestry.

Surface Engineering Assisted Size and Structure Modulation of Gold Nanoclusters by Ionic Liquid Cations.

Surface modification induced core size/structure change is a recent discovery in inorganic nanoparticles research, and has rarely been revealed at the molecular level. Here, we exemplify with atomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) that proper surface modification can selectively stabilize the desired Au core, conducive to the formation of size/structure-controlled Au NCs. Leveraging π-π enhanced ion-pairing interactions, ionic liquid (IL) cations are bonded to Au -thiolate complexes.

3-Bromopyruvate-induced glycolysis inhibition impacts larval growth and development and carbohydrate homeostasis in fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury.

As a typical glycolytic inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) has been extensively studied in cancer therapy in recent decades. However, few studies focused on 3-BrPA in regulating the growth and development of insects, and the relationship and regulatory mechanism between glycolysis and chitin biosynthesis remain largely unknown. The Hyphantria cunea, named fall webworm, is a notorious defoliator, which caused a huge economic loss to agriculture and forestry.

The effects of two sized polystyrene nanoplastics on the growth, physiological functions, and toxin production of Alexandrium tamarense.

Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are increasingly prevalent pollutants in marine ecosystems and result in various deleterious effects on marine organisms. There have been studies evaluated the toxic effects of MNPs on marine microalgae, but few of them focused on the effects of MNPs on dinoflagellate species and their toxins production, which could have significant implications on human health and ecological safety in coastal areas. In this study, the common harmful algal blooms-causing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was exposed to 0.

Revealing the etching process of water-soluble Au nanoclusters at the molecular level.

Etching (often considered as decomposition) is one of the key considerations in the synthesis, storage, and application of metal nanoparticles. However, the underlying chemistry of their etching process still remains elusive. Here, we use real-time electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to study the reaction dynamics and size/structure evolution of all the stable intermediates during the etching of water-soluble thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), which reveal an unusual "recombination" process in the oxidative reaction environment after the initial decomposition process.

Ligand Design in Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters.

The design of surface ligands is crucial for ligand-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Besides providing good protection for Au NCs, the surface ligands also play the following two important roles: i) as the outermost layer of Au NCs, the ligands will directly interact with the exterior environment (e.g.

Biological information and functional analysis reveal the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a framework for the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through biological data and functional analysis.

Study Design: The GSE31056 series of the Gene Expression Omnibus database and UALCAN website were used to assess DDR1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and OSCC. DDR1 RNA sequencing data for 260 HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were overlaid to evaluate its association with tumor progression and prognosis.

The molecular response mechanisms of a diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to the toxicity of BDE-47 based on whole transcriptome analysis.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitously distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environments. Phytoplankton are the entrance of PBDEs entering to biotic environments from abiotic environments, while the responding mechanisms of phytoplankton to PBDEs have not been full established. Therefore, we chose the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in this study, by integrating whole transcriptome analysis with physiological-biochemical data, to reveal the molecular responding mechanisms of T.

The toxicity, bioaccumulation and debromination of BDE-47 and BDE-209 in Chlorella sp. under multiple exposure modes.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a series of important persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environments. Microalgae are the start of PBDEs bioaccumulated and bioconcentrated along the marine food web. In order to investigate the variations of PBDEs bioaccumulation by microalgae and its influencing factors, we set up a series of experiments with Chlorella sp.

ROS-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) of Thalassiosira pseudonana under the stress of BDE-47.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a series of highly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ubiquitously distributed in marine environments. As key primary producers, microalgae are the start of PBDEs bioaccumulations and vulnerable to their toxicities. In order to deeply investigate the toxic mechanism of PBDEs on microalgal cells, the occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD) in a model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its possible mediating mechanism were studied.