Observational case study revealing oceanic internal solitary waves modulating air-sea interactions in northern South China sea.

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are extreme oceanic dynamic processes that significantly modulate sea surface currents and roughness, but their roles in air-sea interactions are still poorly understood. Here, synchronous ship-board observations of the ocean interior, sea surface and near-surface air conditions in the northern South China Sea showed that, influenced by one ISW front, skin temperature, air temperature, and wind speed decreased by up to 0.9℃, 0.

A Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor enhances antimicrobial peptide expression in the immune priming of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

Immune priming confers a sustained, augmented response of innate immune system to a secondary immune stimulation in invertebrate, with involvement of both cellular and humoral immune reactions. Recent evidence indicates that immune effectors, such as antimicrobial peptides, play essential roles in the immune priming. However, the signaling pathways and mechanisms governing their generation remain largely unknown.

Grass carp reovirus VP6 inhibits IFN production by degrading TBK1 through the autophagy pathway.

The interferon (IFN) response serves as a powerful defense mechanism against viral infections in fish. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is capable of evading the IFN system, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we report that GCRV VP6 employs an immune evasion strategy by degrading TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through the autophagy pathway, thereby inhibiting IFN activation.

Bioactive Polysaccharides from Fermented : Structural Insights and Their Role in Skin Barrier Repair.

, a prominent genus in the family, has generated significant research attention due to its demonstrated biological potential, particularly its notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, two fractions of fermented polysaccharides (FDOPs) were successfully isolated through a multi-stage purification strategy including gradient ethanol precipitation, gel column chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography with CCFM863. Structural characterization revealed that both polysaccharide fractions consisted of (1→4)-β-D-Man, (1→4)-β-D-Glc, and (1→4)-α-D-Glc residues.

Comparison of Polyphenolic Content and Bioactivities Between Extracts from the Living Plants and Beach Deposits of the Submerged Brackish Water Angiosperm .

Bioactive extracts from living plants (LR) and beach deposits (NR) of the submerged brackish water angiosperm were examined for their antioxidant activity and anticancer potential. LR extract scavenged effectively free radicals with IC values of 38.00 μg/mL (DPPH), 12.

Patterns of fish functional diversity and its responses to environmental gradients in offshore waters of the Yangtze River Estuary.

Trait-based diversity approaches are considered to offer more valuable insights than species-based methods. Based on data collected during 2012-2021, this study applied three indices, i.e.

Revived ancient viruses from deep-sea ecosystems are biothreats by triggering gut dysbiosis.

Unlabelled: As human activities increase in the deep sea, ancient viruses trapped in sediments may revive in the human gut by infecting gut bacteria. Nevertheless, the potential biosecurity risks that deep-sea viruses pose to humans remain unexplored. Here, two bacteriophages DP105 and DP016, purified from the ancient deep-sea sediments, proliferated in the gut of mice to trigger the intestinal inflammation of mice.

Delivery System of Nanozymes Loaded with DNAzymes and Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug for Anti-Tumor Metastasis.

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women worldwide, and its high metastasis is the main reason for high mortality. Especially under hypoxic microenvironments, the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) can activate the transcription factor Twist and promote tumor metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Here, MnO nanosheets are synthesized with oxidase-like activity using fucoidan as a protective agent, and construct a multifunctional delivery system MnO@DNAzyme-TPZ (MDT) by loading DNAzymes and hypoxia-activated prodrug Tirapazamine (TPZ) for tumor treatment and metastasis inhibition.

The microspores of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi infect crustacean hosts via waterborne transmission.

The parasitic dinoflagellate in Hematodinium genus is an important pathogen of economically important wild and cultured marine crustaceans worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate its epidemics, life cycle history, and transmission route. Recent in-field and lab studies have validated the effectiveness of the waterborne transmission route and hypothesized that dinospores are the key life stage to infect the crustacean hosts via waterborne transmission.

Distribution characteristics and environmental effects of magnetic spherules in surface sediments of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.

The pollution problem in the marine environment is becoming increasingly serious. Magnetic spherules not only affect human health during the transfer process but also pollute the marine sediment environment because of the heavy metals they carry and their strong magnetic properties. The morphology and distribution characteristics of magnetic spherules in 46 surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea shelfs were studied by means of magnetic measurements, scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‒EDS) and backward trajectory.

. flavonoids ameliorate ulcerative colitis by modulating oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and inflammatory responses.

Unlabelled: This study investigates , a traditional medicinal plant in southwestern China, for its potential therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). We developed a high-speed shear extraction method to isolate total flavonoids from its rhizomes, achieving a yield of 2.90 ± 0.

Hunting the ghost: phylogenomic analyses reveal divergence, habitat transitions and character evolution of the ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea).

Understanding when and how habitat transitions occurred is essential for a comprehensive insight into the succession of marine ecosystem and biodiversity. Here we investigated the evolutionary process of an ancient, widespread and ecologically diversified lineage of marine benthic fauna, the ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea). To reconstruct a robust, time-calibrated phylogeny of this intractable group, we sampled more comprehensively than in previous studies and utilized three types of sequencing data: Sanger, genome-skimming and ultra-conserved elements (UCEs).

Coupling spatio-temporal distribution to provide more informative population status and management recommendations.

Accurate stock assessment (SA) is an essential basis to ensuring effective fisheries management. The trade-off between data input and output accuracy makes the surplus production model (SPM), which lacks spatial information, a widely used stock assessment model. We coupled species spatio-temporal distribution (STD) with SPM to better understand stock status and facilitate (targeted and spatially refined) fisheries management.

Insights into the Natural Occurrence of Monomeric and Dimeric Chromanone Lactones.

Chromanone lactones (CLs) are a group of fungal metabolites biologically linked to tetrahydroxanthones (THXs); however, their formation in nature, particularly the occurrence of dimeric CLs, remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the discovery and identification of a biosynthetic gene cluster () for the production of dimeric CLs in sp. BMC-101 through genome mining.

CgBrachyury regulates haemocyte proliferation as a target gene of CgWnt signal in oyster Crassostrea gigas.

The transcription factor Brachyury plays a key role in mesoderm development and notochord formation in most animals. In the present study, a homologue of Brachyury with a conserved Brachyury domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. During the embryogenesis of oyster, CgBrachyury showed high mRNA expression level from the morula to the D-shaped larval stage, with highest level in gastrula stage.

Mechanistic Roles of Microplastics in the Phototransformation of Silver Ions in Aquatic Environments.

The role of microplastics (MPs) in transforming coexisting contaminants in aquatic environments is poorly understood. Herein, the mediation of polystyrene (PS) MPs on the phototransformation of silver ions (Ag) was investigated. Ag-based nanoparticles (21.

Impact of micro- and nano-plastics on marine organisms under environmentally relevant conditions.

Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) pollution is a major issue of global concern, and the impacts of MNPs to marine organisms under environmentally relevant conditions were reviewed. Occurrence and distribution of both microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in different marine environments were summarized based on current literature, showing that the maximal concentrations were 24.29 particles/L (Sanggou Bay) and 0.

Seasonal variations in the exchange of particulate organic matter between the East China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the influencing factors.

The exchange of particulate organic matter (POM) between the East China Sea (ECS) and the Northwest Pacific Ocean plays a crucial role in the material cycles in both the continental sea and the adjacent open ocean. Due to the limited observational data, the spatial and seasonal variations in the POM flux and their influencing factors remain unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical coupled model was used to simulate the seasonal variations in marine biogenic POM flux across the 200-m isobath in the ECS.

Multimedia distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an intensive aquaculture area in the East China Sea: Focusing on bioaccumulation and health risks in mollusks.

Mollusks, beyond their critical significance in aquaculture, have long been recognized as sentinel species for monitoring chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an intensive coastal aquaculture area, encompassing their multimedia distribution, tissue-specific accumulation, bioaccumulation dynamics, partitioning behavior, and associated health risks. Among the 16 analyzed PAHs, 15 were detected in inshore seawater, while all 16 were quantified in intertidal sediment and mollusks.

Unravelling the regulatory network underlying divergent expression of the key lipid metabolism transcription factor SREBP in two congeneric oyster species.

SREBP serves as the master transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism, playing a crucial role in temperature adaptation. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling SREBP expression remain poorly understood in marine organisms. The basic bHLH domain of single-copy SREBP was highly conserved in mollusks, confirming its fundamental role in lipid metabolic regulation.

Metabolic Engineering Strategies Based on Secondary Messengers c‑di-GMP for the Discovery of Novel Aromatic Polyketides in sp. HDN154049.

Four unreported aromatic polyketides CA049 A-D (-) were discovered in sp. HDN154049 through CdgB overexpression, an enzyme involved in c-di-GMP biosynthesis. Among them, compound contains a novel tricyclic aromatic scaffold appended with an α-pyranone ring, while compound represents the first example of a benzo-[]-xanthene skeleton derived from microbiological sources, and it displayed cytotoxic activity against the L-02 cancer cell line (IC = 6.

Functional characterization of promoter regions in selenoprotein synthesis-relevant genes (sbp2, eefsec and sepsecs) and their selenium-dependent regulation in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

The study explored the transcriptional regulation of selenoprotein synthesis-relevant genes, such as selenocysteine insertion sequence element binding protein 2 (sbp2), eukaryotic elongation factor (eefsec) and o-phosphoserine selenocysteine tRNA synthase (sepsecs), and their selenium-mediated regulation in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, an important fish with ecological and economic importance in several Asian countries. We cloned the sequences of sbp2, eefsec and sepsecs promoters, spanning from -2060 bp to +61 bp, -1910 bp to +53 bp and - 1456 bp to +51 bp relative to the TSS, respectively. Through sequential deletion and mutation analysis of their promoters, we identified several functional binding sites: the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) binding site (-1308 bp to -1322 bp) and the forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) binding site (-1778 bp to -1788 bp) in the sbp2 promoter; the FOXO1 binding site (-1070 bp to -1080 bp) and the STAT3 binding site (-428 bp to -436 bp) in the eefsec promoter; and the FOXO1 binding site (-721 bp to -731 bp) in the sepsecs promoter.

Integrating incompatible tandem photobiocatalysis in artificial cells enables metabolic modulation of natural cells.

Sustaining biological reactions in artificial cells is crucial for their practical integration into living systems, which relies on continuous cofactor supply. Although photocatalysis enables cofactor regeneration in synthetic biological systems, the generated reactive oxygen can deactivate enzymes. Here, we engineer photobiocatalytic artificial cells that modulate hepatocyte metabolism through alleviating alcohol-induced oxidative stress.

IL-4/13A1 promotes the proliferation of IgT B cells while enhancing their apoptosis in tilapia.

Interleukin-4/13 (IL-4/13) is a kind of bony fish cytokine, which is the homolog of Th2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 in mammals. Produced by activated T cells, these Th2 cytokines regulate B cell proliferation, survival, and antibody responses. Although IL-4/13 has been shown to participate in immune responses in bony fish, whether and how it regulates the teleost-specific IgT B cell subset, a lineage unique to bony fish remains unclear.