Projection of ENSO using observation-informed deep learning.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) profoundly impacts global climate, but its sea surface temperature (SST) variability projected by climate models remains uncertain, with a substantial inter-model spread in 21st-century projections. Model-observation discrepancies in ENSO physics contribute to this uncertainty, necessitating observational constraints to refine projections. However, methods to achieve this constraint remain unclear.

Discovery of novel calcium-chelating peptides from Antarctic krill: Structural elucidation and dynamic coordination mechanisms.

Calcium-chelating peptides (CCPs) represent promising strategies for addressing calcium deficiency, yet their chelating mechanisms require further elucidation. This study identified two novel CCPs, EEDLER and IVELEEE, from Antarctic krill through enzymatic hydrolysis combined with multi-step separation and purification, exhibiting calcium-chelating capacities of 12.1 ± 1.

TLR4al senses heme as a key damage/danger-associated molecular pattern to activate immune responses in lower vertebrates.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a critical pattern recognition receptor, detects microbe- and damage/danger-associated molecular patterns to trigger immune responses in mammals. However, the functions and mechanisms remain largely unclear in lower vertebrates. This study systematically investigates the evolutionary divergence, subcellular localization and ligand of TLR4 in lower vertebrates by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a model species.

Microscopic variation of oxygen consumption rate in sediments from shellfish farming zones of Haizhou Bay, China.

Shellfish mariculture significantly enhances particulate organic carbon (POC) deposition through biodeposition, but the accompanying processes of sediment oxygen consumption and organic carbon mineralization constrain its carbon sequestration potential. In this study, high-resolution microelectrode profiling was used to characterize oxygen dynamics at the sediment-water interface (SWI) in four different areas of Haizhou Bay: two shellfish farming zones (SF-1 and SF-2) and two no-farming control zones (SC and OF). Key findings included that oxygen penetration depth (OPD) in shellfish farming zones (2.

An invertebrate NLR recognizes viral nucleic acids and balances the antiviral signaling pathway through interaction with STING and Cyclophilin A.

Intracellular recognition of viral nucleic acids by NLRs and subsequent activation of antiviral immunity are crucial for host defense against virus infection in vertebrates. However, understanding on these processes is very limited in invertebrates, especially for crustaceans. In the present study, an NLR gene belonging to the NLRC subfamily (LvNLRC) was identified in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its functions in intracellular recognition to DNA virus and antiviral immunity during WSSV infection were elucidated.

Performance of heavy metals in the intertidal zone surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary under water-sediment regulation scheme.

This study investigates the distribution, sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg) and metalloid (As) in surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary intertidal zone during the 2023 water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) period (summer) and the non-WSRS period (autumn). The results revealed that metal accumulation in both periods was primarily controlled by the co-adsorption of organic matter and fine particles. Hydrodynamic enhancement during the WSRS period reduced metal accumulation through sediment flushing and dilution, whereas weakened flows in the non-WSRS period promoted metal buildup.

Dual responsive fluorescent probe for exploring hypochlorite and sulfur dioxide in different heavy metal ions related stress models.

The danger of heavy metal pollution has drawn the global concern of researchers in recent decades, especially multiple heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal pollution induced stress may cause oxidative stress and redox balance disruption in living organism, and further trigger other secondary stresses. Fluorescent imaging analysis is considered to be effective method for real-time visualization of complex bioactive molecules in situ due to their non-destruction, high sensitivity and specificity.

Cloning, expression and characterization of xylose isomerase from Euphausia superba.

A novel xylose isomerase gene, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1368 bp, was cloned from Euphausia superba and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of D-xylose into a rare sugar D-xylulose.

NMR-Metabologenomics Coupled with Activity-Picking Inspires Discovery of Samsumycins: a Fast-Mining Strategy for Novel Antibiotics.

The time-consuming and repetitive rediscovery of known molecules has long hindered the efficient identification of novel drug leads from natural sources. Metabologenomics, the synergistic integration of metabolomics and genomics, has emerged as a powerful strategy to circumvent these challenges, enabling targeted discovery of new chemical entities. In this study, we developed a 2D-NMR-based metabologenomics workflow integrated with high-throughput activity screening to rapidly identify a novel family of antibiotic macrolides, samsumycins (-), from the deep-sea sp.

Complement factor D of Paralichthys olivaceus in serum enhances C3 deposition to activate complement against bacterial infection.

The complement system has an important role in the response to bacterial infection. Complement factor D (CFD) is a serine protease involved in the alternative pathway activation by promoting complement factor B cleavage. In teleosts, the biological functions of CFD are poorly understood.

Advancing Whole-Cell Biosensors: Kinetics-Dependent Metabolic SERS Analytics for Pollutant Differentiation and Quantification.

Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs), which detect targeting analytes through cellular responses, have become powerful tools for environmental monitoring. However, existing WCBs often rely on the single-channel low-dimension signal outputs (e.g.

Microplastic Distribution Patterns in Fish and Implications for Safe Consumption.

Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the ocean and can be ingested by fish. Despite fish being a major source of aquatic protein for humans, no study has yet addressed how to reduce the risk of human exposure to MPs when consuming fish. This study investigated 1,075 fish from 37 species across representative fishing areas, and the presence of MPs in various tissues, such as the gills, guts, and muscles, was analyzed to assess fish food safety comprehensively.

Highly efficient degradation of polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) by a recombinant marine fungal cutinase.

Biodegradable plastics, such as polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polycaprolactone (PCL), pose potential ecological risks due to their slow degradation rates in natural environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient enzymatic degradation technologies for the end-of-life management of PBS and PCL. In this study, we identified a marine fungal cutinase, Cut10, which exhibits significant degradation activity on PBS and PCL films under mild conditions.

Induction of Triploid Grass Carp () and Changes in Embryonic Transcriptome.

Grass carp is an economically important cultured species in China. Triploid embryo production is widely applied in aquaculture to achieve reproductive sterility, improve somatic growth, and reduce ecological risks associated with uncontrolled breeding. In this study, a simple cold shock method for inducing triploid grass carp was developed.

Unlocking microbiota potential: the role of organic copper in enhancing healthy white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming.

Background: Microbiota sequencing has emerged a powerful tool for advancing aquatic nutrition research. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the host microbiota's response to trace minerals. This study examined the role of organic copper supplementation in promoting the health of farmed white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) from a microbiota perspective.

Arctic zircon U-Pb ages reveal multiphase glaciations in East Siberia during the late Quaternary.

Tracing ice-rafted debris (IRD) in Arctic Ocean sediments is crucial for understanding the evolution of Northern Hemisphere ice cover. However, uncertainties in identifying the provenance of IRD across circum-Arctic shelves have complicated reconstructions of the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS). Here, we present a provenance study using 10,111 detrital zircon U-Pb ages from circum-Arctic shelf sediments and central Arctic IRD.

Warming and anthropogenic variables interact to impact dominant animal communities in coral reef ecosystems.

Climate warming and human activities independently threaten coral reef ecosystems, yet their combined impacts on reef animal communities remain unclear. Here, we applied environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys across 52 reefs in the South China Sea to examine how fish and invertebrate communities respond to warming, increased resource availability, and heavy metal pollution. Fish communities were more sensitive to warming than invertebrates.

Temporal transcriptome analysis of head kidney revealed protective cellular immunity in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) immunized with inactivated Edwardsiella piscicida.

Vaccines are effective in preventing infection by pathogens. The inactivated Edwardsiella piscicida vaccine to elicit immune response after vaccination of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) has been shown in previous studies. The molecular mechanism of this protection is yet to be clarified.

Structural and molecular basis for phosphate recognition by SAR11 bacteria.

Phosphorus is a critical limiting nutrient that constrains the survival, growth, and reproduction of marine microorganisms in nutrient-limited ecosystems. Phosphorus exists in the environment in both organic and inorganic forms, with phosphate being the predominant form of inorganic phosphorus. SAR11 bacteria, a group of oligotrophic marine bacteria, possess high-affinity transporters for limiting nutrients such as phosphate, nitrogen, and organic carbon, enabling them to dominate in nutrient-depleted environments.

Novel regulatory mechanism of choline-O-sulfate and choline catabolism by two BetIs in Alphaproteobacteria.

Choline-O-sulfate (COS) and choline are ubiquitous in the environment, and diverse bacteria catabolize them into glycine betaine for osmoprotection or as a carbon and/or nitrogen source. The characterized genes involved in COS and choline catabolism are usually clustered in the genome with one regulatory gene, . Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism of COS and choline catabolism by two BetIs in the model marine Roseobacter group bacterium DSS-3.

Water mass mixing controls methane cycling and emission in highly hydrodynamic regions of the open ocean.

Ocean circulations and water mass exchange can exert significant influences on seawater biogeochemistry, microbial communities, and carbon cycling in marine systems. However, the detailed mechanisms of the impacts of physical processes in the open ocean on the cycle of greenhouse gases, particularly methane, remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrated high-resolution underway observations, experimental incubations, radioisotope labelling, and molecular analysis to constrain the controls of methanogenic pathways, methanotrophic activity, and emission fluxes in the highly hydrodynamic Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension (KOE) region of the Northwest Pacific.

RNA-Binding Protein Rbm38 as a Multifaceted Post-Transcriptional Regulator in Zebrafish Pancreatic Development.

RNA-binding motif protein 38 (Rbm38), also known as RNPC1, is a major regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression. It represents a potential candidate gene linked to the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes, and decreased RBM38 expression can enhance the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in humans. However, its role in pancreatic development remains elusive.

Inositol phosphates as an overlooked phosphorous source in marine ecosystems.

Inositol phosphates, common phosphorus storage compounds that are also crucial for eukaryotic cell signaling, constitute a significant portion of dissolved organic phosphorus in coastal waters. The hydrolysis of inositol phosphates could be an important contributor to phosphorus cycling in phosphorus-limited marine ecosystems, yet this process remains poorly understood in marine contexts. In this study, we reveal substantial concentrations of inositol phosphates in marine macrophytes, including green, brown, and red algae as well as common seagrasses, suggesting that these organisms are likely major biological sources of inositol phosphates in the oceans.

Simultaneous detection of five shrimp pathogens using a single-tube EvaGreen real-time PCR assay with differential melting temperature.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) has assessed crustacean diseases, such as infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), as listed diseases, and infection with (EHP) as an emerging disease, all of which significantly threaten the shrimp industry. This study developed a quintuplex EvaGreen-based melting curve real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of WSSV, IHHNV, DIV1, AHPND-causing (), and EHP. In the specific assay, only the target pathogen demonstrated efficient and detectable amplification, thereby indicating that the method exhibits high specificity.