Simultaneous detection of five shrimp pathogens using a single-tube EvaGreen real-time PCR assay with differential melting temperature.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) has assessed crustacean diseases, such as infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), as listed diseases, and infection with (EHP) as an emerging disease, all of which significantly threaten the shrimp industry. This study developed a quintuplex EvaGreen-based melting curve real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of WSSV, IHHNV, DIV1, AHPND-causing (), and EHP. In the specific assay, only the target pathogen demonstrated efficient and detectable amplification, thereby indicating that the method exhibits high specificity.

Infection with infectious precocious virus (IPV) suppresses infection with decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

In recent years, diseases caused by infectious precocious virus (IPV) or decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) have resulted in significant losses to the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) industry, threatening sustainable aquaculture development of this species. Co-infection with these two viruses was found in farmed prawns. This study investigated the biological characteristics of co-infection in M.

Development of Monoclonal Antibody against PirB and Establishment of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for the Rapid Detection of AHPND-Causing .

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) poses a significant threat to shrimp aquaculture worldwide, necessitating the accurate and rapid detection of the pathogens. However, the increasing number of species that cause the disease makes diagnosis and control more difficult. This study focuses on developing a monoclonal antibody against the insect-related (Pir) toxin B (PirB), a pivotal virulence factor in AHPND-causing , and establishing a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for the enhanced early diagnosis and monitoring of AHPND.

The auxin efflux carrier PIN1a regulates vascular patterning in cereal roots.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important global cereal crop and a model in genetic studies. Despite advances in characterising barley genomic resources, few mutant studies have identified genes controlling root architecture and anatomy, which plays a critical role in capturing soil resources. Our phenotypic screening of a TILLING mutant collection identified line TM5992 exhibiting a short-root phenotype compared with wild-type (WT) Morex background.

Development of a Melting Curve-Based Triple Eva Green Real-Time PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Three Shrimp Pathogens.

Infections with (EHP), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), and Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) pose significant challenges to the shrimp industry. Here, a melting curve-based triple real-time PCR assay based on the fluorescent dye Eva Green was established for the simultaneous detection of EHP, IHHNV, and DIV1. The assay showed high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.

Root angle is controlled by in cereal crops employing an antigravitropic mechanism.

Root angle in crops represents a key trait for efficient capture of soil resources. Root angle is determined by competing gravitropic versus antigravitropic offset (AGO) mechanisms. Here we report a root angle regulatory gene termed () that encodes a putative AGO component, whose loss-of-function enhances root gravitropism.

The cellulose synthase-like F3 (CslF3) gene mediates cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and affects root growth and differentiation in barley.

The barley cellulose synthase-like F (CslF) genes encode putative cell wall polysaccharide synthases. They are related to the cellulose synthase (CesA) genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and the CslD genes that influence root hair development. Although CslD genes are implicated in callose, mannan and cellulose biosynthesis, and are found in both monocots and eudicots, CslF genes are specific to the Poaceae.

Exploring the Role of Cell Wall-Related Genes and Polysaccharides during Plant Development.

The majority of organs in plants are not established until after germination, when pluripotent stem cells in the growing apices give rise to daughter cells that proliferate and subsequently differentiate into new tissues and organ primordia. This remarkable capacity is not only restricted to the meristem, since maturing cells in many organs can also rapidly alter their identity depending on the cues they receive. One general feature of plant cell differentiation is a change in cell wall composition at the cell surface.