Risk Factors for Postictal Delirium in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy: The Role of Lithium and Quetiapine.

Background: Postictal delirium (PID) is a significant and often underrecognized adverse effect associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in geriatric patients. Despite its clinical relevance, the specific risk factors contributing to the development of PID in this vulnerable population remain inadequately understood, which may affect treatment outcomes and patient safety.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 168 elderly patients who underwent ECT between 2009 and 2020 at a general hospital in China.

Estrogen receptor beta in lateral habenula mediates antidepressant effects of estrogen in postpartum-hormone-withdrawal-induced depression.

Dramatic drop in reproductive hormone, especially estrogen level, from pregnancy to postpartum period is known to contribute to postpartum depression (PPD), but the underlying mechanism and the role of the estrogen receptors (ERs) in this process were unclear. Here, we used an estrogen-withdrawal-induced PPD model following hormone simulated pregnancy (HSP) in female Sprague-Dawley rats to induce depressive-like behaviors. After estrogen withdrawal, we observe an up-regulation of astrocyte-specific potassium channel (Kir4.

The contributions of aquaporin-4 to water exchange across the blood-brain barrier measured by filter-exchange imaging.

Purpose: Water exchange across the blood-brain barrier (WEX) is a promising biomarker for assessing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the physiological mechanisms governing WEX remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the contribution of Na/K-ATPase (NKA) on the luminal side of endothelial cells and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) to WEX.

Alterations of plasma neural-derived extracellular vesicles microRNAs in patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) alterations in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are pivotal to the disease's pathogenesis. Since obtaining brain tissue is challenging, most research has shifted to analyzing miRNAs in peripheral blood. One innovative solution is sequencing miRNAs in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly those neural-derived EVs emanating from the brain.

The Role of Oxytocin in Parental Care.

Parental behaviors are essential for offspring survival and shaped by hormonal changes and adaptations in the neural circuits. Oxytocin, a nonapeptide, has been shown to play an important role in promoting parental behaviors. Using cutting-edge tools, studies have recently uncovered how oxytocin mediates parental behaviors through modulation of different neural circuits.

Portable electroencephalography in early detection of depression: Progress and future directions.

Traditional diagnostic tools for depression, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, are susceptible to subjective bias, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers. This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography (EEG) as a cost-effective, accessible solution for early depression detection. By synthesizing findings from 45 studies (selected from 764 screened articles), we highlight EEG's capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, excessive guilt, and persistent low mood.

Feasibility of relaxation-exchange magnetic resonance imaging (REXI) for measuring water exchange across the blood-CSF barrier in the human choroid plexus.

The choroid plexus (CP) is important for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and forms the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), which is essential for brain homeostasis. However, noninvasive methods for evaluating BCSFB function remain limited. Previously, we introduced a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, relaxation-exchange MRI (REXI), to quantify water exchange between CP and CSF in rats by leveraging the substantial difference in transverse relaxation times between CP tissue and CSF.

A noncanonical parasubthalamic nucleus-to-extended amygdala circuit converts chronic social stress into anxiety.

Anxiety disorders pose a substantial threat to global mental health, with chronic stress identified as a major etiologic factor. Over the past few decades, extensive studies have revealed that chronic stress induces anxiety states through a distributed neuronal network of interconnected brain structures. However, the precise circuit mechanisms underlying the transition from chronic stress to anxiety remain incompletely understood.

Combination Therapy Against Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Association Between Efficacy and White Blood Cell Count.

Background: Numerous studies suggest that hyperactivation of the immuno-inflammatory system, as reflected in cytokine levels, is associated with more severe symptoms in mood and anxiety disorders and weaker response to treatment. Here we examined whether the efficacy of a combination of bright light therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and medication is associated with another immuno-inflammatory index, white blood cell count, before and/or after treatment, in a retrospective observational study.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 467 inpatients with major depressive, bipolar, or generalized anxiety disorder who were treated with combination therapy for at least one week at Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital between April 2022 and April 2024.

Gut microbiota links to cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder via modulating synaptic plasticity.

Background: Cognitive impairment is an intractable clinical manifestation of bipolar disorder (BD), but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Preliminary evidence suggests that gut microbiota can potentially influence cognitive function by modulating synaptic plasticity. Herein, we characterized the gut microbial structure in BD patients with and without cognitive impairment and explored its influence on neuroplasticity in mice.

Mesoscale functional connectivity of amygdala to the auditory and prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys revealed by INS-fMRI.

Mammals rely heavily on their auditory system to perceive environmental threats, socially communicate, and care for the young. As an extension of the multiple sensory system including the auditory system, the amygdala evaluates the emotional salience of acoustic stimuli, and mediates its impact on sensory, cognitive, and physiological aspects of emotional processing via the lateral amygdala (LA), basal amygdala (BA), and central amygdala (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala in acoustic domain. However, the functional connections of LA, BA, and CeA with the auditory cortex (AC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remain unclear, particularly at the mesoscale level.

The precision of attention selection during reward learning influences the mechanisms of value-driven attention.

Reward-predictive items capture attention even when task-irrelevant. While value-driven attention typically generalizes to stimuli sharing critical reward-associated features (e.g.

Problematic internet use and aggression in Chinese middle school students: mediation effect of reality social connectedness.

Introduction: Problematic internet use (PIU) has become a prevalent concern worldwide and is associated with increased aggression. However, the underlying effect of PIU on aggression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential influence of reality social connectedness (RSC) on the relationship between PIU and aggression.

The Role of CCL11-CCR3 Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Cognitive Impairment in Early-onset Schizophrenia: Insights from Preclinical Studies.

Abnormal cytokine expression has been implicated as a potential contributor to neurodegeneration. This study aimed to investigate the plasma cytokine profiles in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (SCZ) and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of the key cytokine CCL11 in contributing to cognitive impairment. Plasma concentrations of 44 cytokines were quantified in individuals with SCZ.

EEGMamba: An EEG foundation model with Mamba.

Electroencephalography (EEG) captures brain activity and has been widely used in clinic and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Classic EEG decoding methods rely on supervised learning, limiting their performance and generalizability. Inspired by the revolutionary impact of large models in other fields, researchers are now investigating EEG foundation models.

In vivo 7 Tesla MRI of non-human primate intracortical microvascular architecture.

Intracortical arterioles are key locations for blood flow regulation and oxygen supply in the brain and are critical to brain health and disease. However, imaging such small (<100-μm-sized) vessels in humans is challenging. Here, using non-human primates as a model, we developed a capability for imaging microvasculature in vivo with a clinical 7 T MRI scanner.

Impact of early detection and management of emotional distress on length of stay in non-psychiatric inpatients: A retrospective hospital-based cohort study.

Background: While emotional distress, encompassing anxiety and depression, has been associated with negative clinical outcomes, its impact across various clinical departments and general hospitals has been less explored. Previous studies with limited sample sizes have examined the effectiveness of specific treatments (e.g.

Structures and Molecular Mechanisms of Insect Odorant and Gustatory Receptors.

Insects rely on chemoreceptors in sensory neurons to detect and discriminate various chemicals in constantly changing environments. Among the chemoreceptors, odorant receptors (ORs) and gustatory receptors (GRs) play essential roles in sensing different odorant and tastant molecules, thereby regulating insects' physiology and behaviors such as feeding, mating, and alarming. ORs and GRs are evolutionarily related seven-transmembrane helical proteins that constitute a large family of tetrameric ion channels.

Vocal taking turns is premature at birth and improved by the postnatal phonetic environment in marmosets.

Precisely time-controlled vocal antiphony is crucial for the social communication of arboreal marmosets. However, it remains unclear when this antiphony is formed and how postnatal acoustic environments affect its development. In the present study, we systematically recorded the emitted calls of infant marmosets in an antiphonal calling scenario from postnatal day one (P1) to postnatal 10 weeks (W10).

Viewing Psychiatric Disorders Through Viruses: Simple Architecture, Burgeoning Implications.

A growing interest in the comprehensive pathogenic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders from the perspective of the microbiome has been witnessed in recent decades; the intrinsic link between microbiota and brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis or other pathways has gradually been realized. However, little research has focused on viruses-entities characterized by smaller dimensions, simpler structures, greater diversity, and more intricate interactions with their surrounding milieu compared to bacteria. To date, alterations in several populations of bacteriophages and viruses have been documented in both mouse models and patients with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, accompanied by metabolic disruptions that may directly or indirectly impact brain function.

Characteristics of brain network connectome and connectome-based efficacy predictive model in bipolar depression.

Aberrant functional connectivity (FC) between brain networks has been indicated closely associated with bipolar disorder (BD). However, the previous findings of specific brain network connectivity patterns have been inconsistent, and the clinical utility of FCs for predicting treatment outcomes in bipolar depression was underexplored. To identify robust neuro-biomarkers of bipolar depression, a connectome-based analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data of 580 bipolar depression patients and 116 healthy controls (HCs).

The spectrum of overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis and demyelinating syndromes: a systematic review of presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.

Background: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis frequently overlaps with demyelinating diseases (MOGAD, NMOSD, MS), creating complex syndromes with diverse presentations and challenging management.

Methods: Systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to March 2024 for studies on co-existing anti-NMDAR encephalitis and demyelinating syndromes. Data extracted on clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes.