Carbohydrate Quantity vs. Quality in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Population-Based Meta-Analysis Combined with GBD Data-Driven Assessment.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common metabolic-endocrine disorder, is linked to low-quality carbohydrate intake, though evidence remains controversial. This research aimed to evaluate carbohydrate quantity/quality impacts on PCOS by combining global trends from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database with pooled study from individual-level data.

Methods: We analyzed GBD 2021 data to assess annual trends in PCOS incidence and low-grain/high-sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.

A dual-type I/II NIR photosensitizer for effective cancer photodynamic therapy with enhanced ROS generation.

Based on the cyanine dye scaffold, two photosensitizers (PSs) (C1 and C2) were successfully synthesized. These PSs exhibited a maximum absorption wavelength of 660 nm, falling within the near-infrared window. Compared to the commercially available photosensitizer ICG, the newly developed PSs demonstrated enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under lower light doses.

A noncanonical parasubthalamic nucleus-to-extended amygdala circuit converts chronic social stress into anxiety.

Anxiety disorders pose a substantial threat to global mental health, with chronic stress identified as a major etiologic factor. Over the past few decades, extensive studies have revealed that chronic stress induces anxiety states through a distributed neuronal network of interconnected brain structures. However, the precise circuit mechanisms underlying the transition from chronic stress to anxiety remain incompletely understood.

Spin excitations and flat electronic bands in a Cr-based kagome superconductor.

In the quest for topology- and correlation-driven quantum states, kagome lattice materials have garnered significant interest for their band structures, featuring flat bands (FBs) from the quantum destructive interference of the electronic wavefunction. Tuning an FB to the chemical potential could induce electronic instabilities and emergent orders. Despite extensive studies, direct evidence of FBs tuned to the chemical potential and their role in emergent orders in bulk materials remains lacking.

Mechanomedicine targeting brown adipose tissue for metabolic health.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a compelling therapeutic target against metabolic diseases. Mechanical cues regulate BAT function and may offer novel, non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches. Herein, we discuss the biomechanical pathways underlying BAT activation, highlight advances in mechanotherapeutic strategies, and consider how emerging technologies may enhance these interventions.

3D-printed model combined with the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of genu varum in children with hypophosphatemic rickets.

Introduction: Genu varum in children with hypophosphatemic rickets are complex and always occur on multiple planes, which are difficult to correct. This present study is aimed to retrospectively explore the feasibility and efficacy of 3D-printed model combined with the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of genu varum in children with hypophosphatemic rickets.

Methods: From March 2010 to July 2020, 7 hypophosphatemic rickets patients with genu varum were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital.

Coherent diffraction imaging and lens position correction by a transversely moving lens.

We introduce what we believe is a novel approach for wavefront reconstruction by a laterally moving lens, in conjunction with amplitude-phase retrieval. Compared to axial multiple-image phase retrieval methods, the proposed lateral methodology exhibits superiority of accuracy. To minimize the effect of position error of lens, we have also developed error models and associated corrective strategies, which may offer valuable guidance for determining axial and lateral errors in optical systems.

High-throughput quantitation of acetaldehyde and ethanol in mice using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry positive chemical ionization.

Background: Acetaldehyde, an immediate ethanol metabolite, mediates many ethanol-induced behavioral effects and is both psychoactive and toxic to animals and humans. Monitoring the kinetics of acetaldehyde using rodent models of alcohol misuse is essential for understanding and managing ethanol-associated diseases. However, quantitation of acetaldehyde in biological specimens after alcohol consumption has been challenging due to its high volatility, relatively low concentrations, and strong reactivity toward biochemical molecules.

The association between the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio and albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and early screening and diagnosis are crucial for preventing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW), as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), may be closely associated with the development of DKD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ECW/TBW and albuminuria in T2DM patients and to explore its potential as an early diagnostic tool.

Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates sepsis-induced liver injury via inhibiting ferroptosis.

Sepsis often leads to multi-organ dysfunction, with liver injury being a serious complication. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is closely linked to sepsis-related organ damage. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a traditional Chinese medicine component, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

miR-365-3p Regulates Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Rats via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Over half of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients suffer from gastrointestinal motility disorders. miR-365-3p is involved in DM progression, but its role in gastrointestinal motility disorders remains unclear. This study explored whether miR-365-3p affects gastrointestinal motility in diabetic rats via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Impact of Beta-Blockers on Pneumonia, Mortality and Functional Outcomes of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage-A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Purpose: Given the current lack of research on the impact of beta-blockers (BB) on clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BB on pneumonia, functional outcomes, and mortality in adult patients with primary ICH.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study of a registry cohort of patients with ICH from 13 stroke centers in Beijing, China.

Inflammation in MASLD progression and cancer.

Steatotic liver diseases include metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), encompassing a spectrum of metabolic liver disorders that range from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Steatotic liver disease is primarily driven by alcohol consumption and metabolic dysfunction, making it the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Steatosis is defined by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without significant liver injury or inflammation.

Quantitative Shape Irregularity and Density Heterogeneity Predict Hematoma Expansion in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between quantitative shape irregularity and density heterogeneity of hematomas and hematoma expansion (HE) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.

Methods: This cohort study included patients arriving within 24 h of symptom onset between August 2021 and July 2022 as the derivation cohort and those between July 2023 and February 2024 as the external validation cohort. HE is defined as a hematoma increase of > 6 mL or > 33% from the baseline to the follow-up CT scan between 24 and 48 h.

A Novel Lightweight Framework for Non-Contact Broiler Face Identification in Intensive Farming.

Efficient individual identification is essential for advancing precision broiler farming. In this study, we propose YOLO-IFSC, a high-precision and lightweight face recognition framework specifically designed for dense broiler farming environments. Building on the YOLOv11n architecture, the proposed model integrates four key modules to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and recent CNN-based approaches.

Caffeine removal in wastewater: a comprehensive review of current treatment plants and small-scale innovations.

As an emerging pollutant, caffeine has increasingly attracted public attention. Although typically metabolized in the human body, approximately 5% of ingested caffeine is excreted through urine, ending in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Given the extensive global consumer market, the daily quantity of caffeine reaching these WWTPs is significant.

Associations of cumulative hearing and vision loss with depression among U.S. adults aged 50 and older: results from the health and retirement study.

Background: Hearing or vision loss at a single time point was associated with depression. However, little is known about how cumulative hearing and vision loss contributes to the depression risk. We aimed to examine associations of cumulative hearing loss (CHL), vision loss (CVL), dual sensory loss (CDSL), and any sensory loss (CASL) with the subsequent trajectories of depressive symptoms and risks of incident depression among US adults aged ≥ 50.

Mixed matrix membrane of Pebax-1657 incorporated with HO-modified ball-milled biochar for enhanced CO separation.

Biochar derived from wheat straw was prepared and subsequently modified with hydrogen peroxide through ball milling, yielding ball-milled wheat straw biochar (BMWB). BMWB/Pebax mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating BMWB into Pebax-1657, and their CO separation performance was evaluated. The results showed that ball milling successfully reduced the biochar particle size, increased its specific surface area, and strengthened the intensity of surface functional groups.

Knockdown of FSTL1 attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality, with acute lung injury being the earliest and most severe complication. The damage to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) resulting from excessive inflammation plays a critical role in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (si-ALI). This study aimed to elucidate the role of Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) in si-ALI and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

A one-year study of biochar in immobilizing PFOA in soil-plant rainfall leaching systems: Residue fraction and metabolomics perspectives.

The strong vertical transport capacity and facile plant uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) make its control in soil-plant rainfall leaching systems both urgent and challenging. This study investigated the effectiveness of biochar amendment (2 % and 4 %, w/w) in regulating the PFOA fate in a soil-lettuce system over 360 days, covering two seasons across two different soil types. Soil sequential chemical extraction and plant metabolomics analysis were employed to clarify the underlying immobilization mechanism and related metabolic outcomes.

Optimizing carbohydrate quality: a path to better health for women with PCOS.

Introduction: The rising global prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant threat to women's metabolic and reproductive health. The carbohydrate quality-particularly dietary fiber, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL)-in addressing metabolic and reproductive abnormalities remains debated due to the condition's heterogeneity. "The ongoing debate regarding PCOS arises from its complexity and heterogeneity, including variations in clinical symptoms, underlying causes, and treatment responses.

Disentangling the intertwined orders in a magnetic kagome metal.

Intertwined orders appear when multiple orders are strongly interacting, and kagome metals have emerged as new platforms to explore exotic phases. FeGe has been found to develop a charge density wave (CDW) order within magnetic phase, suggesting an intricate interplay of the lattice, charge, and spin degrees of freedom. Recently, postgrowth annealing has been proposed to tune the CDW order from long-range to complete suppression, offering a tuning knob for the CDW order.

Associations of acute stress disorder and depression with coping self-efficacy and perceived social support in healthcare workers during COVID-19.

Amid public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers often face a heightened risk of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and depression. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the connection and underlying mechanisms between COVID-19-induced ASD and depression among healthcare workers. This research sought to investigate how COVID-19-induced ASD promotes depressive symptoms among healthcare workers, examining coping self-efficacy as a mediator and perceived social support (PSS) as a moderator.

Optimized phase retrieval for accelerated snapshot coherent diffraction imaging via Babinet illumination.

Single-shot coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) using binary mask modulation suffers from limited intrinsic information, relying heavily on various prior constraints, as challenges of slow reconstruction speed and poor reconstruction quality. In this paper, we propose a snapshot method via Babinet illumination. Taking advantage of the fast modulation characteristics of digital micromirror devices, the imaging process can be completed instantly without the need for any mechanical displacement.