DeepNuParc: A novel deep clustering framework for fine-scale parcellation of brain nuclei using diffusion MRI tractography.

Brain nuclei are clusters of anatomically distinct neurons that serve as important hubs for processing and relaying information in various neural circuits. Fine-scale parcellation of the brain nuclei is vital for a comprehensive understanding of their anatomico-functional correlations. Diffusion MRI tractography is an advanced imaging technique that can estimate the brain's white matter structural connectivity to potentially reveal the topography of the nuclei of interest for studying their subdivisions.

Solar-Mechano Symbiosis Dual-Mode Janus Bioaerogel for Context-Adaptive Atmospheric Water Harvesting Beyond Solar Reliance.

Solar-driven sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SS-AWH) offers promise for addressing global freshwater scarcity. However, the SS-AWH heavily relies on favorable and sustained solar irradiation; yet real-world solar irradiation exhibits significant spatiotemporal fluctuations, limiting its sustainable application, as non/low-light conditions sharply reduce water productivity. This constraint is fundamentally due to the singleness of the water release pathway via photothermal desorption.

Medical data sharing and synthetic clinical data generation - maximizing biomedical resource utilization and minimizing participant re-identification risks.

The sensitive nature of electronic health records (EHR) and wearable data presents challenges in sharing biomedical resources while minimizing re-identification risks. This article introduces an end-to-end, titratable pipeline that generates privacy-preserving "digital twin" datasets from complex EHR and wearable-device records (Apple Watch data from 3029 participants) using DataSifter and Synthetic Data Vault (SDV) methods. Various obfuscation levels were applied (DataSifter: small, medium, large; SDV: CTGAN, Gaussian Copula) and benchmarked using utility (statistical fidelity, machine learning performance) and privacy (re-identification risk, detection likelihood) metrics.

Proton Switch Enabled Rich (100) Crystal Facet of CuVS Microspheres for Efficient Intercalation-Transformation Ion Storage.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are receiving great attention due to their abundant resources and high intrinsic safety. However, the strong interaction between Mg ions and slow diffusion kinetics in electrochemical reaction result in poor Mg-storage performance. Herein, CuVS microspheres with rich (100) crystal facets and cubic primary particles are constructed by the precise regulation of the proton switch.

In vivo 7 Tesla MRI of non-human primate intracortical microvascular architecture.

Intracortical arterioles are key locations for blood flow regulation and oxygen supply in the brain and are critical to brain health and disease. However, imaging such small (<100-μm-sized) vessels in humans is challenging. Here, using non-human primates as a model, we developed a capability for imaging microvasculature in vivo with a clinical 7 T MRI scanner.

Expression of urinary exosomal miR-136-5p in diabetic kidney disease and evaluation of its clinical diagnostic value.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Numerous studies have indicated that exosomal miRNAs play a crucial role in the pathophysiological processes of DKD. We screened differentially expressed miRNAs in urinary exosomes from patients with DKD using the GEO database and performed PCR validation both in patients who were pathologically diagnosed and clinically diagnosed.

Expression and diagnostic value evaluation of urinary exosomal miR-142-3p in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Although kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing DN, it carries risks of complications such as infection and bleeding. Urinary microalbumin is currently used as a clinical indicator for diagnosing DN, but its early predictive ability is limited.

Using non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate performance in visuomotor rotation adaptation: A scoping review.

As research on the visuomotor rotation (VMR) adaptation expands its scope from behavioral science to encompass neuropsychological perspectives, an increasing number of studies have employed non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques to explore the specific contributions of different neural structures to VMR adaptation. Despite early studies suggesting that cerebellar stimulation influenced the rate of adaptation and that stimulating primary motor cortex led to an enhanced retention of newly learned adaptation, subsequent studies could not always achieve consistent results. To probe this inconsistency, we systematically comb through past studies and extract numerous details, including paradigm designs, context settings, and modulation protocols in this scoping review.

TLRLF4MVC: Tensor Low-Rank and Low-Frequency for Scalable Multi-View Clustering.

Anchor-based multi-view clustering has garnered much attention for its effectiveness in handling massive datasets. However, current methods either fail to consider intra-view similarity or require ($\mathcal {O}(N^{3})$O(N3)) for exploring intra-view similarity, making efficient large-scale multi-view clustering difficult. This paper introduces a novel tensor low-frequency component (TLFC) operator, which achieves smooth representation among samples.

Synthesis of a novel mitochondrial fluorescent probe - killing cancer cells and .

Purpose: The global incidence and mortality rates associated with cancer are increasing annually, presenting significant challenges in oncology, particularly regarding the efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic agents. Additionally, mitochondria are recognized for their multifaceted roles in the progression of malignant tumors. Mitochondrial-targeting drugs offer promising avenues for cancer therapy.

Lumican as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: We employed bioinformatics to identify potential biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy (DN) and investigate the role of the key gene lumican in its molecular processes.

Methods: We analyzed the GSE96804 and GSE30528 DN datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). GO and GSEA-KEGG enrichment analyses were used to identify key biological functions and related pathways.

Online Nonconvex Robust Tensor Principal Component Analysis.

Robust tensor principal component analysis (RTPCA) based on tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD) separates the low-rank component and the sparse component from the multiway data. For streaming data, online RTPCA (ORTPCA) processes tensor data sequentially, where the low-rank component is updated based on the latest estimation and the newly arrived sample. It enhances both computation and storage efficiency.

Effects of tebuconazole on insecticidal activity and symbionts in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Harnessing symbionts as targets for pest management is an emerging and promising strategy that can contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. Brown planthopper (BPH), a major rice pest, significantly threatens crop yields and quality. In this study, we discovered that BPHs exhibited a significant increase in mortality after consuming the fungicide tebuconazole, indicating its direct toxic effect.

Leaf Beetle Symbiotic Bacteria Degrade Chlorogenic Acid of Poplar Induced by Egg Deposition to Enhance Larval Survival.

Insect symbiotic microbiota acting as a third-party force of plant-insect interactions, play a significant role in insect hosts tolerance to phytochemical defences. However, it remains unknown whether insect symbiotic bacteria can assist the host in degrading phytochemical defences induced by egg deposition. Plagiodera versicolora is a worldwide forest pest.

Colon-targeted dual-coating MOF nanoparticles for the delivery of curcumin with anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

The inflammatory response is the core mechanism of the pathogenesis and symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), and inhibiting inflammation is a promising therapeutic approach to improving UC. Curcumin is considered a potential treatment for UC due to its significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its bioavailability in the post-oral administration is limited.

Selective activation of mesoscale functional circuits via multichannel infrared stimulation of cortical columns in ultra-high-field 7T MRI.

To restore vision in the blind, advances in visual cortical prosthetics (VCPs) have offered high-channel-count electrical interfaces. Here, we design a 100-fiber optical bundle interface apposed to known feature-specific (color, shape, motion, and depth) functional columns that populate the visual cortex in humans, primates, and cats. Based on a non-viral optical stimulation method (INS, infrared neural stimulation; 1,875 nm), it can deliver dynamic patterns of stimulation, is non-penetrating and non-damaging to tissue, and is movable and removable.

Decorating channel walls in ordered macroporous ZIF-8 with hydrophilic PEG to immobilize lipase for efficient chiral resolution.

The development of efficient immobilization support for the enhancement of enzyme activity and recyclability is a highly desirable objective. Single-crystalline ordered macro-microporous ZIF-8 (SOM-ZIF-8), has emerged as a highly effective matrix for enzyme immobilization, however, the inherent hydrophobic nature limits its further advancement. Herein, we have customized the immobilization of the Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (LP) in the modification-channels of SOM-ZIF-8 by functionalizing the inner surface-properties with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (LP@SOM-ZIF-8-PEG), and significant enhancement of the activity and (thermal, solvent and cyclic) stability can be realized.

Kinetic Separation of Butane Isomers Using a Formate Metal-Organic Framework.

n-butane (n-CH) and isobutane (i-CH) are important raw materials in chemical industry. The separation of the two hydrocarbon isomers via distillation is challenging and energy-consuming. Herein we report the adsorption behavior of a microporous cobalt formate framework [Co(HCOO)] for potential kinetic separation of butane isomers.

Impact of Probiotic Fermentation on the Physicochemical Properties of Hemp Seed Protein Gels.

Hemp seed protein isolates (HPI) were used to produce a gel through probiotic fermentation. This study assessed how fermentation time (ranging from 0 to 16 h) affected the physicochemical properties of the HPI gel. The results indicated that gel formation began after 8 h of fermentation, as demonstrated by a pH decrease, an increase in particle size, and the development of aggregation observed through fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.

Machine learning-based optimization of photogrammetric JRC accuracy.

To improve the accuracy of photogrammetric joint roughness coefficient (JRC) estimation, this study proposes two optimization models based on ground sample distance (GSD), point density, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of checkpoints. First, an algorithm that automatically generates spatial positions for equipment based on the convergence strategy was developed, using principles of Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) and the shooting parameter selection algorithm (SPSA). Second, a portable positioning plate containing ground control points and checkpoints was designed based on optical principles, and a moving camera capture strategy guided by SPSA was proposed.

Serum BAFF levels are associated with the prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Objective: High serum levels of B-cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have been observed in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN); however, their relationships with disease severity and progression remain unclear.

Methods: Patients with iMN diagnosed renal biopsy were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of BAFF and APRIL were determined using ELISA kits.

Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes.

Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines.

Orientation selectivity mapping in the visual cortex.

The orientation map is one of the most well-studied functional maps of the visual cortex. However, results from the literature are of different qualities. Clear boundaries among different orientation domains and blurred uncertain distinctions were shown in different studies.

Effects of imidacloprid combined with validamycin on the population fitness and symbiotic of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Using a high-efficiency insecticide in combination with fungicides that have different mechanisms of action is a conventional method in the current management of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance. In this study, we investigate the separate and combined effects of the low-toxicity fungicide validamycin and the non-cross-resistant insecticide imidacloprid on the fitness and symbiosis of BPH. These research results indicate that when the proportion of active ingredients in validamycin is combined with imidacloprid at a ratio of 1:30, the toxicity ratio and co-toxicity coefficient are 1.