Estrogen receptor beta in lateral habenula mediates antidepressant effects of estrogen in postpartum-hormone-withdrawal-induced depression.

Dramatic drop in reproductive hormone, especially estrogen level, from pregnancy to postpartum period is known to contribute to postpartum depression (PPD), but the underlying mechanism and the role of the estrogen receptors (ERs) in this process were unclear. Here, we used an estrogen-withdrawal-induced PPD model following hormone simulated pregnancy (HSP) in female Sprague-Dawley rats to induce depressive-like behaviors. After estrogen withdrawal, we observe an up-regulation of astrocyte-specific potassium channel (Kir4.

Synthesis of Cyclobuta[]acetylindolines via Gold Photocatalysis.

The [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction constitutes a powerful tool for the construction of cyclobutane-fused scaffolds. A protocol for the intermolecular cycloaddition of 1-acetylindoles was developed where [Au(SIPr)Cbz] has proven indispensable for this purpose, while conventional photocatalysts, such as iridium and organic photosensitizers, have shown limited efficiency. Our findings unlocked the synthesis of cyclobutane-fused indolines, without any required substituent at the C2 or C3 position.

Protocol for synthesizing, implanting, and using polydimethylsiloxane as skull replacement in mice for imaging, electrophysiology, and optogenetics.

Many techniques to record and manipulate neuronal activity across large portions of the vertebrate brain are now available. However, few effective approaches enable both optical and mechanical access to the brain. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing, implanting, and using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) windows as skull replacements for chronic wide-field and two-photon calcium imaging in mice.

T cells in cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances.

T cells are central players in the fight against cancer, capable of recognizing and destroying tumor cells. However, tumors often find ways to evade this immune response, creating challenges for effective treatment. In this review, we explore how different T cell subsets—including cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and unconventional T cells—contribute to tumor progression or suppression.

Differentiating mega cisterna magna from cisterna magna arachnoid cysts: The diagnostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging parameters.

Objective: To explore the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) parameters in differentiating mega cisterna magna (MCM) from cisterna magna arachnoid cysts (CMAC).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of MRI data from 40 MCM patients, 46 CMAC patients (confirmed via clinical follow-up and imaging criteria), and 36 temporal arachnoid cysts (TAC) as controls was performed. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare ADC and eADC values among the three groups.

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor and lenvatinib for the treatment of biliary tract carcinoma.

Background: The prognosis is still dismal, although several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with/without immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in the treatment of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). However, the combination of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with ICIs and TKIs may have potential in patients with BTC, according to the success of such a regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety profile of combination therapy with HAIC plus ICI and lenvatinib in BTC patients.

Inhibitory effect of recombinant BCG containing the fusion gene BFNA on EB virus-positive tumors.

To obtain recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) containing an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) fusion gene that can inhibit EBV-positive cancer, we obtained BZLF1 and EBNA1 cDNA and overlapped these sequences to assemble the fusion gene BFNA. Then, BFNA was inserted into pMV261, and pMV-BFNA was transfected into BCG-competent cells. Western blotting was performed to detect the target fusion protein, specific antibodies were detected in the serum via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and spleen cell-specific cytokines were detected via enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays.

Case Report: FAP fibroblasts and SPP1 macrophages in SMARCA2-deficient while SMARCA4-preserved poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma: two case reports and multi-omics analysis.

Two ATPase subunits, SMARCA4 (which encodes BRG1) and SMARCA2 (which encodes BRM), facilitate this process by hydrolyzing ATP to energize the activity of the mammalian switch/sucrose-non-fermenting (mSWI/SNF) complexes. Clinically, SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (SMARCA4-dNSCLC) were associated with the poorly differentiated histologic manifestations and poor prognosis. However, NSCLC exhibited the similar poorly differentiated features but loss of SMARCA2 and retained SMARCA4 have so far been underrecognized.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation alleviates inflammation-induced depression by modulating peripheral-central inflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway in rats.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammatory depression model in rats, focusing on the regulation of peripheral pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex.

Methods: A depressive-like behavior model was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and rats were randomly assigned to a normal group, a model group, and a taVNS intervention group. Behavioral assessments included the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze test (EPM) to evaluate depressive-like behaviors.

Dual roles of IRE1α inhibition in reversing mitochondrial ROS-induced CD8 T-cell senescence and exerting direct antitumor effects in multiple myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which significantly contributes to immune suppression of CD8 T cells. Our previous research identified that dysregulation of the IRE1α-XBP1s-SLC38A2 axis leads to decreased glutamine uptake and senescence of CD8 T cells in MM. However, the underlying mechanisms of T-cell senescence remain unclear.

Study on the self-diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of supercritical water and H, CO, CO, CH confined in carbon nanotubes.

Nano-confined binary mixtures are prevalent in the chemical industry, geology, and energy sectors. Investigating their mass transfer behavior can enhance process intensification. This study examines the confined self-diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of supercritical water (SCW) with H, CO, CO and CH in carbon nanotubes (CNT) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at temperatures of 673-973 K, a pressure of 25-28 MPa, solute molar concentrations of 0.

Unveiling Derby Survival: Stress Responses to Prolonged Hyperosmotic Stress.

The traditional marination process enhances food flavor and inhibits microbial growth. However, in hyperosmotic environments, microorganisms can activate stress responses to ensure survival, potentially compromising food safety. This study investigated the osmotolerance mechanisms of Derby (.

Factors associated with false fecal immunochemical test results in colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Certain subgroups are at an increased risk of false fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results; however, related studies are limited, and the available evidence is conflicting.

Aim: To evaluate factors associated with false-positive and false-negative FIT results.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on the database of the Tianjin Colorectal Cancer Screening Program from 2012 to 2020.

Lipin1-dependent transcriptional inactivation of SREBPs contributes to selinexor sensitivity in multiple myeloma.

Selective nuclear export inhibitor selinexor (SEL) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). But its mechanisms of action as well as factors that influence therapeutic responses have not been fully characterized yet. In this study we employed catTFRE proteomics technique to profile changes in nuclear abundance of activated transcription factors (TFs)/co-factors (TCs) in myeloma cells following SEL treatment.

Minimizing Energy Loss by Designing Multifunctional Solid Additives to Independent Regulation of Donor and Acceptor Layers for Efficient LBL Polymer Solar Cells.

Solid additives are crucial in layer-by-layer (LBL) polymer solar cells (PSCs). Despite its importance, the simultaneous application of solid additives into both donor and acceptor layers has been largely overlooked. In this work, two multifunctional solid additives are actively designed, and investigated the synergistic effect on both donor and acceptor layers.

Lack of association between pretreatment glutamate/GABA and major depressive disorder treatment response.

Studies have shown gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and Glx (a combination of glutamate and glutamine) to be altered in major depressive disorder (MDD). Using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS), this study aimed to determine whether lower pretreatment GABA and Glx levels in the medial frontal cortex, a region implicated in MDD pathophysiology, are associated with better antidepressant treatment response. Participants with MDD (N = 74) were antidepressant naïve or medication-free for at least three weeks before imaging.

Rademikibart Treatment for Moderate-to-Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: A Phase 2B Randomized Trial.

Rationale: Rademikibart (formerly CBP-201) is an IL-4Rα-targeting antibody.

Objectives: To evaluate rademikibart in adults with moderate-to-severe, persistent, uncontrolled asthma.

Methods: In this global phase 2b trial (NCT04773678), 322 patients were randomized 1:1:1 to two rademikibart groups (150 mg or 300 mg every other week, following a 600 mg loading dose) or placebo, administered subcutaneously, for 24 weeks.

One-pot synthesis of surfactant-intercalated tin(IV) disulfide nanosheets heterojuncted with bismuth(III) sulfide needles for efficient conversion carbon dioxide into formate.

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) to formate is an effective strategy for converting CO into valuable chemicals. However, synthesizing active catalysts with well-defined heterojunctions and large exposed surfaces remains challenging. Here, we present a one-pot synthesis method for a hybrid sulfide catalyst featuring surfactant-intercalated tin(IV) disulfide (SnS) nanosheets heterojuncted with bismuth(III) sulfide (BiS) needles.

Involvement of the astroglial glutamate-glutamine cycle in the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain.

Objective: Our previous study found that astrocytes are involved in cumulative analgesia; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to further explore the potential role of astrocytes in the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on neuropathic pain by focusing on the glutamate-glutamine cycle.

Methods: 69 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, untreated chronic constriction injury (CCI) model group and EA-treated model (CCI + EA) group.

The Effect of Weed Control with Pre-Emergence Herbicides on the Yield Level of Mung Bean Yield.

The mung bean ( (Linn) Wilczek.) is a major grain crop in China, but its yield is significantly impacted by weeds. However, no pre-emergence herbicides are registered for mung bean fields in the China Pesticide Information Network.

Microwave and Steam Processing: A Novel Approach to Modifying the Characteristics of Reconstituted Whole Wheat Flour and Dough.

To reduce the adverse effects of bran on whole wheat flour products. In this study, seven reconstituted whole wheat flours were prepared and used to determine the effects of microwave and steam treatment on bran. We aimed to understand the effect of modification treatment on the properties of reconstituted whole wheat flour and dough.