Super-Resolution Imaging Captures Mitophagy Dynamics: Tricolor Fluorescence Labels Mitochondria, Autophagosomes, and Lysosomes.

Mitophagy is a vital lysosome-dependent process in which damaged mitochondria exhibiting elevated HO production are selectively engulfed by autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation, thereby maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Consequently, monitoring mitophagy holds significant potential for disease diagnosis and therapeutic development. In this study, HO-activated lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe, , was developed for the super-resolution imaging of the mitophagic process.

Proton Flux Engineering via Built-in Electric Fields in N-doped CuO@CoO@Ni(OH) Heterostructure for Rechargeable Zn-NO /5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Multielectron Transfer Systems.

Electrocatalytic coupling of nitrate reduction (NORR) to ammonia with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) enables simultaneous wastewater remediation and biomass valorization. However, developing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for these multiproton-coupled electron transfer reactions remains challenging as conventional single-active-site catalysts inherently suffer from linear scaling relationships between intermediates and adsorption energies, particularly sluggish proton transfer. To address this, we engineered a triphasic N-doped CuO@CoO@Ni(OH) heterostructure with a gradient built-in electric field (BIEF), which synergistically enhances interfacial charge polarization and accelerates proton transport through dynamic coupling effects in both reactions: sufficient *H supply for NORR and fast Ni(OH)/NiOOH redox cycling during HMF oxidation (HMFOR), thus achieving unprecedented bifunctional performance: at - 0.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of benmelstobart, anlotinib and chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is a growing treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of benmelstobart and anlotinib plus etoposide/carboplatin (EC) compared versus anlotinib plus EC and EC alone for patients with ES-SCLC in China.

Methods: Using a Markov model over 5-year boundary and data from the ETER701 trials, we analyzed quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), total cost, incremental net health benefit (INHB) and incremental monetary benefit (INMB).

Transition Metal-Free γ-C(sp)-H Functionalization of Enaminones for Methylene 1,2-Dihydropyridine Synthesis and Application in Fused Tricyclic Pyrido[1,2-]indole Construction.

The annulation reaction of β-methyl enaminones with alkynones leading to the synthesis of methylene-functionalized 1,2-dihydropyridines (1,2-DHPs) has been realized. In the presence of only CsCO, 1,2-DHPs have been synthesized with a broad scope and generally high efficiency via the novel transformation of the γ-C(sp)-H bond in enaminones. In addition, the application of the method has been demonstrated by the one-step transformation of the 1,2-DHP products into fused tricyclic scaffolds featuring an indole-pyridine hybrid via dual C-H activation.

Recent progress in the use of periplocin, periplocymarin and periplogenin in cancer treatment.

Periplocin, periplocymarin and periplogenin are the main active components of . The most cytotoxic constituent of , periplocin is an alpha cardiac glycoside with a steroid core and an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring structure. Periplocymarin is a secondary alpha cardiac glycoside, which is produced by removing one molecule of glucose from periplocin, and periplogenin is the glycosidic portion and the basic unit of periplocin and periplocymarin.

Proteomics and phosphoproteomics of freshwater mollusk carcasses reveal novel insights as potential food source.

, , and are common freshwater mollusks widely distributed in lakes and rivers across China. In this study, (DIA) Data - independent acquisition method was used to analyze the proteomics and phosphoproteomics among three species. The results showed that a total of 1,382 proteins were identified from mollusk carcasses, with 492 proteins were quantitively analyzed.

Cell wall integrity pathway regulates red pigment secretion in Antarctic fungi Geomyces wnf-18c.

Natural pigments have high safety and are widely used in food, cosmetics and medicine. However, at present, sources of natural pigments are extremely scarce, especially those from microorganisms. In this study, we isolated a fungus from a polar soil sample that produces purplish-red pigment and is safe and non-toxic.

The cross-regulation between two-component system BasS/BasR and c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase YfgF in biofilm formation and HO stress response in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a widespread bacterial pathogen that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry globally. It is of great significance to control APEC infections by investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate APEC's adaptation to new environments and its survival. APEC possesses a series of regulation systems to sense and quickly and appropriately respond to extracellular environmental changes, and causes the host infection.

ATP-accelerated DNA hexahedron nanoreactors: Spatially confined DNAzyme-CHA cascaded amplification for ultrasensitive live-cell imaging of miR-21.

Conventional enzyme-free amplification systems face inherent limitations, such as slow reaction rates and diffusional barriers, that compromise detection sensitivity. We overcome this by leveraging endogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a biomolecular accelerator in a DNA hexahedron (DH)-engineered DNAzyme-CHA cascade system (DDC) for ultrasensitive and rapid miRNA detection. Specifically, ATP serves as a molecular glue that drives the assembly of DH units into branched polymers, thereby spatially concentrating amplification components.

Medium-Entropy Engineering Enhances Na⁺/Electron Transport in NaFeMnCoNiV(PO)F@CNTs Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NaV(PO)F, NVPF), a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, exhibits high energy density and a stable voltage plateau, yet its practical application is hindered by intrinsic low electronic conductivity. Here, a medium-entropy engineering strategy is introduced to address this limitation by developing a novel NaFeMnCoNiV(PO)F@CNTs (ME-NVPF@CNTs) composite. The medium-entropy design synergistically optimizes structural stability and charge transport kinetics, while carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coating enhances surface conductivity.

Novel Insight into Metabolism Mechanism of Biogenic Amines During Fermentation of Chinese Traditional Fermented Mandarin Fish () Based on Metabolism Pathway and Correlation Network.

A complex microbial community gives the possibility to produce biogenic amines in traditional fermented foods. In this study, the metabolism mechanisms of biogenic amines during fermentation of fermented mandarin fish were revealed based on the metabolic pathways and correlation analysis. Functional genes based on KEGG orthology related to biogenic amine metabolism were selected from the metagenome and were used to construct the biogenic amine metabolic pathways in .

Visible-Light-Induced sp C-H Functionalization of Alkyl Amines toward Tetrahydroquinoline Spiro[5.6] Compounds.

An efficient and green methodology for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline spiro[5.6] compounds by visible-light-induced sp C-H functionalization reactions of alkyl amines has been developed. The advantages of this protocol include inexpensive photocatalysts, high diastereoselectivity, transition-metal-free properties, and wide-scope substrates.

Regulating the pore structure of biomass-derived HC by zinc gluconate for high-performance sodium-ion battery.

Biomass-derived carbon materials, known for their low cost and high carbon yield, are considered as promising precursors for hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Designing the closed pores plays a critical role in improving the sodium storage capacity of HC anode. Herein, the pore structure of durian shell-derived HC is regulated by optimizing the concentration of pore-forming template nano-ZnO which is in-situ generated from zinc gluconate (ZG) during pretreatment.

Geographical authentication of rose cakes integrated HS-SPME-GC-MS, GC-IMS, and chemometric profiling.

The flavor profiles of rose cakes derived from roses cultivated in distinct geographical regions exhibit notable variations. This study aimed to compare volatile flavor compounds in rose cakes to identify regional distinctions. Roses from Shandong (SD), Henan (HN), Xinjiang (XJ), Yunnan (YN), and Gansu (GS) were processed into cakes, and their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed using electronic nose (e-nose), electronic tongue (e-tongue), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS).

Covalent-Bridged Heterointerfaces via Grafted Triazine Organic Polymers Enable Directed Charge Transfer for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Zn-Air Batteries.

Covalent triazine framework (CTF) derivatives have emerged as promising metal-free electrocatalysts due to their high nitrogen content and intrinsic porosity. However, their performance remains limited by sluggish interfacial charge transport and the inaccessibility of active sites. Herein, we report an interfacial covalent bridging strategy based on grafting polymerization to construct a carbon heterostructure electrocatalyst, featuring vertically aligned nitrogen-doped nanosheets covalently anchored onto graphene (v-N/CNS/Gr) support.

Discovery of bromobenzyl phenyl ether derivative YPD-29B: a novel pre-clinical compound targeting the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction.

Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway with small molecules has exhibited great promise. Herein, to develop the inhibitors with good activity, pharmacokinetic properties and druggability, a novel series of halogens substituted derivatives at the 2-position of the biphenyl group were synthesized, screened, and their inhibitory activity against the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction (PPI) was evaluated through a HTRF assay. Among them, YPD-29B exhibited potent activity with IC value of less than 1 pM.

Quinoxaline derivatives in identifying novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors: A combined 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a key target for cancer treatment. VEGFR-2 inhibitors, which would initiate apoptosis, have been identified. To derive novel and potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors, a series of quinoxaline derivatives were studied using a combination of molecular modeling approaches, including three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

An Insight into the Relation of Spin-Polarization and Oxygen Evolution Enhancement with a Monolayer Chiral Covalent Organic Framework Model Catalyst.

Manipulating the electron spin state through the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides a novel strategy for enhancing the activity and selectivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, developing a quantitative relationship between the CISS effect and the chirality-enhanced OER performance is difficult due to complex influencing factors. Herein, using a ligand exchange strategy, we developed a monolayer chiral covalent organic framework (mc-COF) model catalytic system with adjustable spin polarization (P = ∼49-72%), which allows the decoupling of the CISS effect from other influencing factors on the OER performance.

Multisignal Proportional Optical Chiral Sensing: Photoresponsive Molecular Probe with High Enantioselectivity for Stereospecific Molecular Recognition.

The differences in the spatial structures of chiral enantiomers often lead to variations in physiological activity. Focusing on the stereoselective behavior of chiral enantiomers, timely and accurate risk assessment has become an important issue in pharmaceutical research development. The development of high-selectivity and rapid discrimination detection methods is the key to chiral enantiomer-related research.

Advances in the computational development of hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulators.

The capsid protein (Cp) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is crucial for the nucleocapsid formation, viral DNA replication, and virus-host cell interactions necessary for HBV persistence. Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) target Cp dimer-dimer interactions, thereby inhibiting the reverse transcription of pregenomic RNA and the synthesis of relaxed circular DNA, leading to a reduction in covalently closed circular DNA amplification. This review highlights the use of molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and machine learning-based QSAR models, and molecular dynamics simulations, in CAM discovery and optimization.

Engineered Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Dual siRNA and Chemotherapy Delivery via Rolling Circle Transcription.

Exosomes (EVs) are promising drug carriers, with efficiency dependent on membrane proteins and drug loading capacity. Preserving EVs integrity and enabling efficient drug loading is crucial. We developed a nondestructive system using stem cell-derived EVs for tumor treatment by functionalizing the EVs surface with a cholesterol-modified T7 primer, enabling robust siRNA production via rolling circle transcription (RCT) for potent gene silencing.

Mechanochemistry-driven structural modification of OSA-modified starch via improved extrusion cooking technology: Synergistic enhancement of emulsification and digestive resistance.

The preparation of OSA-modified starch often involves heterogeneous reactions, high energy consumption and environmental pollution. To address these issues, this study explored a novel strategy for producing OSA-modified corn starch via a semi-dry process assisted by improved extrusion cooking technology (IECT). The degree of substitution (DS), structure and properties of OSA-modified corn starch, as well as the underlying mechanisms of these changes, were investigated.

MANet: multi-attention network for polyp segmentation.

Currently, colonoscopy stands as the most efficient approach for detecting colorectal polyps. In clinical diagnosis, colorectal cancer is closely related to colorectal polyps. Therefore, precise segmentation of polyps holds paramount importance for the early detection and clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Outbreeding of isofemale lines as a candidate approach to improve the quality of thelytokous Wolbachia-infected line of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae.

The egg parasitoids, Trichogramma spp. are important biological control agents targeting various lepidopteran pests in agriculture. However, laboratory rearing often reduces genetic diversity, and potentially decreased fitness of Trichogramma wasps.

Precise synthesis of Fe single-atom catalysts on montmorillonite/g-CN heterostructures for highly efficient fenton-like degradation of organic pollutants.

Single-atom Fenton-like catalysts supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) show great potential for aqueous organic pollutant degradation but are hindered by structural heterogeneity and inefficient metal anchoring. Herein, a precise synthesis strategy that can balance metal precursor supply and anchoring site formation is proposed to construct iron single-atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) on a g-CN/montmorillonite (MMT) heterostructure. Directional electron transfer from MMT to g-CN was found to strengthen metal-support interactions, optimizing interfacial electron redistribution and significantly enhancing both catalytic activity and stability.