Unveiling anaphylatoxins: Pioneering cancer therapies through complement system insights.

The complement system, a cornerstone of innate immunity, plays pivotal roles in both defense and pathology, particularly through its anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a. These small peptides, generated during complement activation, not only mediate pro-inflammatory responses but also contribute to the progression of various cancers by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Anaphylatoxins influence tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and therapy resistance via key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK.

H3K18la Facilitates TRA2A-Mediated Alternative Splicing of STIL, Suppressing Ferroptosis and Cisplatin Treatment Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common and highly lethal malignant tumor in women. Due to its hidden early symptoms, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the tumor often develops resistance to chemotherapy, making treatment challenging. Elucidating the mechanisms of OC development and identifying new therapeutic targets, are crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Comparison of a Specialized Large Language Model with GPT-4o for CT and MRI Radiology Report Summarization.

Background Although the general-purpose large language model (LLM) GPT-4o (OpenAI) has shown promise in radiology language processing, it remains unclear whether the performance of GPT-4o in report summarization is better than that of an LLM specifically designed for this task. Purpose To compare the performance of a specialized LLM with that of GPT-4o in the comprehensive summarization of radiology reports. Materials and Methods A specialized LLM for report summarization (LLM-RadSum) was developed using retrospectively collected reports from a hospital, divided into training and internal test sets (9:1 ratio).

Barriers and facilitators to explore palliative care implementation in the ICU from tripartite perspectives: a qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation.

Objective: To synthesise qualitative studies on the experiences and perceptions of palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) among healthcare providers, patients and families.

Design: Meta-aggregation.

Methods: Published and unpublished literature from January 2025 was retrieved from MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and four Chinese databases (CNKI, WANGFANG DATA, Vip and Sinomed).

Domestication and feedback: bidirectional hijacking in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of a dense extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), vasculature, neural elements, and immune cell populations. This complex network promotes tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The microenvironmental characteristics of the various PDAC subtypes are discussed in this review.

Opportunities, obstacles and challenges of nano-immunotherapy in melanoma.

Melanoma is an exceptionally aggressive form of skin cancer, and its prognosis becomes dire once it metastasizes. Although substantial progress has been made in the field of immunotherapy, significant hurdles such as tumor cell immune evasion, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune-related adverse effects persist. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer promising solutions to these challenges by enhancing targeting, stability, and delivery of immunotherapeutic agents.

Inhibition of PRC1 elicits immunogenic cell death by triggering ROS-dependent ER stress in colorectal cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Due to the low response rate and severe side effects, the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unsatisfactory. Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been evidenced to be conducive to enhancing the survival benefit of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) has been proven to be a tumor promoter in CRC and an immune marker.

Graph-based multi-modality network for axillary lymph node metastasis prediction in early-stage breast cancer.

Background And Objective: Accurate evaluation of the axillary lymph node (ALN) status in early-stage breast cancer is crucial for prognosis and guiding treatment decisions, while also preventing unnecessary surgeries and postoperative complications. Numerous methods have been proposed for ALN status classification using radiomic images which face the challenge of low diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to explore the potential of multi-modality that integrates clinical parameters and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to provide complementary information for image features, thereby enhancing the model's ability to predict ALN metastasis.

Reprogramming Iron Metabolism via the RIG-I/c-Myc/FTH Axis Mitigates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Iron metabolism disorders are critical in the pathogenesis of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the molecular mechanisms driving these disturbances remain poorly understood. In IRI mouse kidneys, pathological alterations, iron metabolism disruptions, and functional impairments were observed.

NTRK1-fusion as an acquired resistance mechanism in EGFRex19 mutated NSCLC: a case report.

Introduction: A 73-year-old Chinese woman with no smoking history was diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung in August 2020, presenting with left chest pain and multiple lung lesions.

Patient Concerns: The patient experienced chest pain for 2 months before diagnosis. Initial CT scans revealed multiple lung nodules, enlarged lymph nodes, and pleural effusion.

Intensive care unit outcomes and prognostic factors of esophageal cancer: A cross-sectional study in Chinese cancer-specialized hospitals.

Background: Esophageal cancer patients had the highest intensive care unit (ICU) admitted rate in cancer patients. But their prognosis and evaluation methods were rarely studied.

Aim: To depict the short-term mortality outcome and identify the potential prognostic factors of esophageal cancer patients admitted into ICU.

Exploring the metabolic signaling network of GFPT in cancer.

Metabolic homeostasis is essential for cellular function in living organisms. In cancer cells, metabolic processes are reprogrammed to meet the energy demands and biosynthetic needs for rapid growth. This reprogramming enhances nutrient flux through the glycolytic pathway, supporting ATP production and branching into pathways that synthesize macromolecules required for cell proliferation.

Targeting cholesterol metabolism in tumor and its immune microenvironment: opportunities and challenges.

Cholesterol metabolism provides cell and organelle membrane components, and its precursors and derivatives exert a variety of biological functions. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of tumors. In the tumor microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism to drive tumorigenesis and tumor development.

Harnessing intratumoral microbiota: new horizons in immune microenvironment and immunotherapy.

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the human body, including within tumor tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that intratumoral microbiota serve as critical regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting the progression of solid tumors (e.g.

Metabolism and epigenetics in cancer: toward personalized treatment.

Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications, regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. This review systematically analyzed over 500 studies including human cell line experiments (n>200), animal models (n>50), clinical cohort studies (n>100), and bioinformatics analyses retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Studies increasingly show that genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, energy production, and modulation of metabolic hormones are regulated through epigenetic mechanisms.

Human multiethnic radiogenomics reveals low-abundancy microRNA signature in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles for early diagnosis and molecular subtyping of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy in humans, where early diagnosis significantly improves patient outcomes. However, effective methods for accurate and early detection remain limited. In this multiethnic study involving human subjects, we developed a liquid biopsy signature based on extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to radiomics features extracted from patients' tumor imaging.

Radiomics based on MRI and F-FDG PET/CT predicts response to EGFR-TKI therapy based on primary NSCLC and brain metastasis.

Background: To develop radiomics methods for predicting response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission computed tomography (PET) from primary lesion and brain metastasis (BM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The retrospective study enrolled 140 patients between May 2017 and December 2022 from Center 1, and 45 patients between January 2015 and March 2024 from Center 2. All patients underwent an F-FDG PET/CT scan.

Human papillomavirus infection and disease recurrence/persistence after treatment for women of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with coexisting vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Background: Coexistent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) is problematic, posing challenges for patient management. This study focused on the clinical characteristics of coexistent CIN 2/3 and VaIN (all degrees), evaluating the proclivity for disease recurrence/persistence at 6 months after treatment.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study of women treated for coexistent CIN 2/3 and VaIN (CE group) was undertaken between January 2018 and December 2020.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of HPV infection in head and neck cancer patients in china: a nationwide multicenter study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as a major cause of head and neck cancer (HNC), yet nationwide HPV-stratified disease data are still lacking in China. The literature remains divided on the prognostic impact of HPV infection.

Methods: The HNC patients treated from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2021 were retrospectively identified at nine tertiary A centers representing the seven geographic regions of China.

Coculture of tumor organoids with pathogenic microorganisms: a novel system to mimic pathogenic infection.

Since the early 20 century, there has been extensive discussion on the intricate relationship between pathogenic infection and tumors. However, most studies on host-pathogen interactions are performed based on the culture, immortalized cell lines or animal experiments. A significant challenge lies in accurately establishing a coculture model between tumors and pathogens under the three-dimensional (3D) context.

Correction: Deep learning radiomics based on multimodal imaging for distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumours.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.

Quantifying mechanical opacity as a novel indicator for single-cell phenotyping integrated dynamic mechanical compression and impedance flow cytometry.

A comprehensive understanding of cellular mechanical heterogeneity is essential for identifying phenotypic variations. Impedance flow cytometry offers a high-throughput, label-free approach to assess single-cell electrical properties, yet current methods focus primarily on undeformed cells and overlook mechanical perturbations that may alter cytoskeletal structure and membrane behavior. Here, we present an integrated system that combines controlled mechanical compression with impedance measurement to quantify mechanical opacity-an electrical metric reflecting membrane permeability under dynamic deformation.

The novel functions of chemokines in lung cancer progression.

Chemokines are key molecules that regulate immune cell migration and play critical roles in the tumor microenvironment. In lung cancer, chemokine dysregulation is closely linked to tumor progression. They promote immune cell infiltration and interact with tumor cells, enhancing tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential.