Comparison of a Specialized Large Language Model with GPT-4o for CT and MRI Radiology Report Summarization.

Background Although the general-purpose large language model (LLM) GPT-4o (OpenAI) has shown promise in radiology language processing, it remains unclear whether the performance of GPT-4o in report summarization is better than that of an LLM specifically designed for this task. Purpose To compare the performance of a specialized LLM with that of GPT-4o in the comprehensive summarization of radiology reports. Materials and Methods A specialized LLM for report summarization (LLM-RadSum) was developed using retrospectively collected reports from a hospital, divided into training and internal test sets (9:1 ratio).

Advanced imaging-enabled understanding of cell wall remodeling mechanisms mediating plant drought stress tolerance.

Drought stress causes peculiar challenges to plant cells reliant on turgor pressure and a polysaccharides-enriched cell wall for growth and development. Appropriate cell wall changes in mechanical properties and biochemical composition under stress conditions constitute an indispensable stress adaptation strategy. A better understanding of stress-induced cell wall modifications is not only crucial for accruing fundamental scientific knowledge in plant biology, but will help us design novel strategies for enhancing crop drought tolerance.

Unraveling Legacy and Emerging PFAS Characteristics in Milk across 15 Countries (2020-2024): Features, Temporal Trend,s and Risk Priority.

Despite increasing concerns over the potential hazards of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their characteristics, especially temporal trends, remain largely unexplored in milk. With milk sampled from 2020 to 2024, the temporal trends and cross-country variations of legacy and emerging PFAS were investigated across 15 countries for the first time. Among the 32 PFAS analyzed, 26 were detected in more than 40% of the samples and 18 were present in over 60%, indicating their widespread geographical occurrence.

Changes in antibiotic use associated with the National Centralized Drug Procurement policy in China from 2019 to 2023.

This study used prescription data from four medical institutions in representative cities in Central, Western and Eastern China, focusing on changes in antibiotic use under the National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy (NCDP) and calculating the contribution of NCDP and non-NCDP varieties to the changes. In outpatient settings, NCDP policy had little impact on the antibiotic prescription rate. Changes in antibiotic utilization rates were predominantly driven by non-NCDP varieties, particularly newer-generation antibiotics with enhanced therapeutic profiles.

Effects of bicarbonate on electro-bioremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated groundwater.

Electro-bioremediation under anaerobic conditions is an effective approach for refractory organic matter removal in groundwater. Bicarbonate (HCO) is an inorganic carbon source and electron acceptor in groundwater, however, the influencing mechanism of HCO on pollutant removal of electro-bioremediation remains unclear. Herein, the effects of HCO concentration on electro-bioremediation of phenanthrene (PHE)-contaminated groundwater were investigated.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectories with the risk of worsening heart failure in elderly patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes: a competing risk analysis.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose index serves as a dependable biomarker for gauging insulin resistance linked to cardiovascular disease. Our study was designed to investigate how the trajectory of the triglyceride-glucose index relates to the risk of worsening heart failure and overall mortality in patients aged 60 years and older with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study enrolled 466 patients who had ≥ 3 medical exams.

DCE-MRI based deep learning analysis of intratumoral subregion for predicting Ki-67 expression level in breast cancer.

Objective: To evaluate whether deep learning (DL) analysis of intratumor subregion based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) can help predict Ki-67 expression level in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 290 breast cancer patients from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. A k-means clustering algorithm confirmed subregions of tumor.

Fine Particulate Matter () and the Blood-Testis Barrier: An and Mechanistic Study.

Background: Fine particulate matter [particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter of ()] is considered a major component of ambient PM. Exposure to was shown to be associated with male reproductive system injury. Ferroptosis is regarded as an iron-dependent programmed cell death that is associated with the pathological process.

Occurrence of Organophosphate Esters in Food and Food Contact Materials and Related Human Exposure Risks.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of anthropogenic chemicals that have long been used as plasticizers and flame retardants. Dietary intake is an important OPE exposure pathway for humans. Since OPEs are usually used as industrial additives in food contact materials (FCMs), OPEs can enter foods through contact to FCMs.

Zscan4 mediates ubiquitination and degradation of the corepressor complex to promote chromatin accessibility in 2C-like cells.

Zygotic genome activation occurs in two-cell (2C) embryos, and a 2C-like state is also activated in sporadic (~1%) naïve embryonic stem cells in mice. Elevated chromatin accessibility is critical for the 2C-like state to occur, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Zscan4 exhibits burst expression in 2C embryos and 2C-like cells.

DCP1A, a MEK substrate, regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors are widely applied to maintain pluripotency, while prolonged MEK inhibition compromises the developmental potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To understand the mechanism of MEK in pluripotency maintenance, we first demonstrated that MEK regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional steps. Consistently, many of the 66 MEK substrates identified by quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis are involved in RNA processing.

FMNL3 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells via Inhibiting Rad23B-Induced Ubiquitination of Twist1.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant tumor, and its high metastasis rate depends on the abnormal activation of cell dynamics. Formin-like protein 3 (FMNL3) plays an important role in the formation of various cytoskeletons that participate in cell movement. The objective of this study was to explore the function of FMNL3 in breast cancer progression and endeavor to reveal the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon.

Lactylation of Hdac1 regulated by Ldh prevents the pluripotent-to-2C state conversion.

Background: Cellular metabolism regulates the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Yet, how metabolism regulates the transition among different pluripotent states remains elusive. It has been shown that protein lactylation, which uses lactate, a metabolic product of glycolysis, as a substrate, plays a critical role in various biological events.

Cell Communications Between GCs and Macrophages Contribute to the Residence of Macrophage in Preovulatory Follicles.

Problem: There were not only granulosa cells (GCs) but also immune cells in preovulatory follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to explore the interactions between macrophages and GCs via adhesion molecules in preovulatory follicles and the regulatory mechanisms of the interactions.

Method Of Study: Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of ITGB1 in macrophages and fibronectin (FN)1 in GCs in preovulatory follicles from 12 patients.

Bovine serum albumin-Camptothecin nanoparticles for RNAs packaging to improve the prognosis of Cancer.

xRNAs have received a lot of attention for their potential in targeted therapy. This study aims to construct nanoparticles using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Camptothecin to improve the bioavailability and targeting of drugs through RNA packaging, thereby improving the prognosis of cancer patients. The phacoemulsification method was used to synthesize BSA-CPT-NPs, and the single factor orthogonal design method was used to optimize the process.

Advances in the Clinical Study of Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement.

Nuclear overhauser enhancement is a confounding factor arising from the in vivo application of a chemical exchange saturation transfer technique in which two nuclei in close proximity undergo dipole cross-relaxation. Several studies have shown applicability and efficacy of nuclear overhauser enhancement in observing tumors and other lesions in vivo. Thus, this effect could become an emerging molecular imaging research tool for many diseases.

Association between breastfeeding, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a review.

Background: Mammographic density has been associated with breast cancer risk, and is modulated by established breast cancer risk factors, such as reproductive and hormonal history, as well as lifestyle. Recent epidemiological and biological findings underscore the recognized benefits of breastfeeding in reducing breast cancer risk, especially for aggressive subtypes. Current research exploring the association among mammographic density, breastfeeding, and breast cancer is sparse.

Brain metastasis magnetic resonance imaging-based deep learning for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor () mutation and subtypes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The preoperative identification of epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations and subtypes based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain metastases (BM) is necessary to facilitate individualized therapy. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to preoperatively detect mutations and identify the location of mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BM.

Methods: We included 160 and 72 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w-CE) and T2-weighted (T2W) MRI at Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (center 1) and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (center 2) to form a training cohort and an external validation cohort, respectively.

Inhibition of ABI2 ubiquitination-dependent degradation suppresses TNBC cell growth via down-regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks receptor expression and has complex molecular mechanisms. Recent evidence shows that the ubiquitin-protease system is closely related to TNBC. In this study, we obtain a key ubiquitination regulatory substrate-ABI2 protein by bioinformatics methods, which is also closely related to the survival and prognosis of TNBC.

UBQLN1 links proteostasis and mitochondria function to telomere maintenance in human embryonic stem cells.

Background: Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA sequences at the chromosome ends to protect chromosomal stability, and primarily maintained by telomerase or occasionally by alternative telomere lengthening of telomeres (ALT) through recombination-based mechanisms. Additional mechanisms that may regulate telomere maintenance remain to be explored. Simultaneous measurement of telomere length and transcriptome in the same human embryonic stem cell (hESC) revealed that mRNA expression levels of UBQLN1 exhibit linear relationship with telomere length.

A Two-color Single-molecule Sequencing Platform and Its Clinical Applications.

DNA sequencers have become increasingly important research and diagnostic tools over the past 20 years. In this study, we developed a single-molecule desktop sequencer, GenoCare 1600 (GenoCare), which utilizes amplification-free library preparation and two-color sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry, making it more user-friendly compared with previous single-molecule sequencing platforms for clinical use. Using the GenoCare platform, we sequenced an Escherichia coli standard sample and achieved a consensus accuracy exceeding 99.