Contrarian Design of Versatile MoS-Based Self-Lubrication Film.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) exhibits excellent lubrication capacity rooted in its layered structure, but it suffers significant structural and functional deterioration due to oxidation in ambient environments, limiting its applications. Concerted efforts are focused on enhancing the antioxidation ability of MoS, but challenges remain. This work conceptualizes and demonstrates a contrarian design of MoS-based film via metal incorporation and oxidation based on consideration of key fundamental principles of thermodynamics, chemistry, and physical mechanics.

Piezo-catalytic in-site HO generation and activation across wide pH range to drive hydroxyl radical-mediated pollutant degradation.

Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) is one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROSs) for organic pollution controlling in advanced oxidation processes, while its production suffers from numerous HO addition and narrow pH range in generally used Fenton reaction. Herein, we demonstrate a BiOIO (BIO) piezo-catalyst loaded with γ-FeOOH nanoparticles (FNPs) (BF) that can convert O to ·OH in a wide pH condition without external HO addition under ultrasonication. It is found that the robust interfacial interaction facilitates rapid electron migration from BIO to FNPs, enabling two-electron O reduction into HO at the FNPs site, while the leaving behind piezo-holes to perform two-electron water oxidative HO generation on BIO.

Thyroid disruption and the association with multi-toxicity endpoints in zebrafish embryos exposed to hymexazol.

Thyroid hormone (TH) disruption during the early development of organisms is a critical mechanism underlying pesticide-induced toxicity. Hymexazol (HM), a widely used new-generation fungicide, poses environmental risks to aquatic ecosystems; however, its thyroid-disrupting potential remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the thyroid disruption induced by HM and its interactions with developmental toxicity, melanin biosynthesis, and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.

Recent Progress on Coupling of Organic Oxidation and Hydrogen Production Over CdS-Based Photocatalyst.

The coupling of photocatalytic organic oxidation and hydrogen (H) production is an efficient strategy for converting solar energy into chemical energy, enabling simultaneous targeted conversion of organic matter and clean energy production. Cadmium sulfide (CdS), as a typical semiconductor-based photocatalyst, has attracted much attention in various coupled reactions of organic oxidation and H production due to their suitable bandgap (≈2.4 eV) and well-matched energy band edge positions.

Nanotwinned CrN ceramics with enhanced plasticity.

Ceramic materials are usually hard but brittle, and it is challenging to achieve a simultaneous enhancement of strength and plasticity using conventional strengthening methods. In ceramic materials with similar atomic size and properties, the fabrication of nanotwins is a promising approach to enhance the plasticity, but it is unknown whether the strategy works for transition metal nitrides. Herein, nanotwinned CrN (NT-CrN) with a twin density of 9.

Anion Vacancies Triggered Spin Polarization Enables Efficient Piezocatalysis for Water Cleanup.

The conversion of aromatic organic pollutants into value-added chemical feedstocks is still suffering from sluggish carbon reduction kinetics with spin-forbidden transitions. Here, we report an anion vacancy-triggered spin polarization strategy to efficiently convert phenol into carbon monoxide (CO) with fast kinetics. The creating Se vacancies (V) stimulate the spin polarization of both Fe and Mo in Fe single atom modified MoSe (Fe/MoSe), in which spin polarization can enhance the quantity of spin electrons and facilitate the transport of electrons that share the same spin direction with greater efficiency in charge separation.

Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), primarily through alcohol-induced apoptosis. This study explores the link between ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis and neural network electrical activity in developing rat retinal ganglion cells, and examines dopamine's protective effects and influence on this activity.

Methods: The study employed a combination of immunohistochemical techniques, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and electrophysiological recordings to assess neuronal apoptosis and neural network activity in the developing rat retinal ganglion cell layer.

Effect of S-ketamine on postoperative pain sensitivity in children with preoperative chemotherapy.

Background: Children undergoing chemotherapy experience exacerbated postoperative pain and prolonged pain perception. Intraoperative intravenous administration of S-ketamine can alleviate postoperative pain. However, its efficacy in mitigating chemotherapy-induced hyperalgesia remains uncertain.

Prediction of EEG-Derived Wavelet Index for End-Tidal Sevoflurane in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Prospective, Single-Blind Study.

Background: Processed electroencephalogram is able to assess the depth of anesthesia. EEG-derived wavelet index (WLi) is a novel indicator derived from EEG on the basis of wavelet analysis.

Aims: We primarily tested whether WLi can reflect changes in end-tidal sevoflurane (sevo) in pediatric patients, especially during the transition from awake status to 0.

Neutral Aerobic Oxidation of Alkyl Aromatics via Synergistic Co/NHPI Catalysis.

The direct liquid-phase oxidative C─H functionalization of hydrocarbons using molecular oxygen represents an attractive sustainable approach for ketone synthesis, offering advantages in atom economy and environmental compatibility. However, existing catalytic systems often require harsh conditions or suffer from overoxidation issues, limiting their practical applicability. Herein, a highly efficient and selective catalytic system is reported for benzylic C─H oxidation of alkyl aromatics under exceptionally mild conditions, employing a synergistic combination of trivalent cobalt acetylacetonate [Co(acac)] and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) in neutral media.

Triiodothyronine ameliorates S-ketamine-induced hypomyelination via the PPARα pathway in neonatal rat.

Growing evidence suggests that prolonged or repeated exposure to general anesthesia is associated with white matter alteration in children, which may underlie subsequent cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Numerous infants undergo anesthesia for surgery each year, so it is imperative to identify the risk factors and find preventative treatment to prevent the effects of early anesthesia exposure. Thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in the process of myelination of white matter.

Development and External Validation of a Novel In-hospital Mortality Model after Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The applicability of four major traditional in-hospital mortality models in the Chinese setting is unclear due to disease spectrum and population heterogeneity. This study aimed to test the performance of these models in the Chinese setting and to construct and externally validate a novel model.

Methods: A total of 21,855 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent congenital heart surgery from January 2015 to December 2021 in Shanghai Children's Medical Center were enrolled.

Porous CuBiO Photocathode with Intrinsic Cu/Cu Redox Improves Solar C(sp)-H Bond Conversion Efficiency by an Order of Magnitude.

Selective C-H activation is the most important step for organic molecule transformation. Photocatalytic radicals driven C-H activation is considered a promising route but suffers from simultaneously utilizing electron/hole pairs which are limited to broad-band gap semiconductors. Herein, a half-photocathodic reaction strategy is demonstrated to activate and oxygenate C(sp)-H bonds of toluene toward selective benzaldehyde production using a narrow-bandgap CuBiO (CBO) porous photocathode.

Pulmonary Light Chain Deposition With Sjögren Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The incidence of light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is relatively low and difficult to diagnose, while cases of PLCDD combined with Sjogren's syndrome are more rare. A case of pulmonary light chain deposit disease combined with Sjogren's syndrome admitted to our department is reported as follows, and the relevant literature is reviewed in order to improve clinicians' understanding of rare diseases and early diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Cerebrovascular Carbon Dioxide Reactivity During Pediatric Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objective: To assess the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on cerebrovascular autoregulation in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: This single-center study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Shanghai, China.

Efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine-esketamine sedation for pediatric acceptance of facemask: single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: We compare the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine (DEX) and DEX-esketamine sedation on pediatric acceptance of face mask.

Methods: This single-center double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted at a tertiary hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Ninety children aged 1 year to 6 years old and scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into receiving DEX alone (n = 45) and DEX-esketamine (n = 45).

Oxycodone for analgesia in children undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, parallel study.

Background: Postoperative visceral pain is a common complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, we compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oxycodone and fentanyl in children undergoing ERCP.

Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Surface Coverage Tuning for Suppressing Over-Oxidation: A Case of Photoelectrochemical Alcohol-to-Aldehyde/Ketone Conversion.

Suppressing over-oxidation is a crucial challenge for various chemical intermediate synthesis in heterogeneous catalysis. The distribution of oxidative species and the substrate coverage, governed by the direction of electron transfer, are believed to influence the oxidation extent. In this study, we presented an experimental realization of surface coverage modulation on a photoelectrode using a photo-induced charge activation method.

High-Performance Flexible Strain Sensors: The Role of In-Situ Cross-Linking and Interface Engineering in Liquid Metal-Carbon Nanotube-PDMS Composites.

The increasing demand for high-performance strain sensors has driven the development of innovative composite systems. This study focused on enhancing the performance of composites by integrating liquid metal, carbon nanotubes, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in an innovative approach that involved advanced interface engineering, filler synergy, and in situ cross-linking of PDMS in solution. Surface modification of liquid metal with allyl disulfide and hydrogen-containing polydimethylsiloxane significantly improved its stability and dispersion within the polymer matrix.

Daytime variation of in-hospital mortality and low cardiac output syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery-a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Recent studies suggest that adult cardiac surgery performed in the morning increases the risk of major adverse cardiac events, but it is unclear whether this association exists in pediatric cardiac surgery. This study aimed to determine whether the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality and low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) differs between morning and afternoon pediatric cardiac surgeries.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 23,433 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery between August 2014 and December 2021.

CaARP1/CaSGT1 Module Regulates Vegetative Growth and Defense Response of Pepper Plants against .

Pepper ( L.) suffers severe quality and yield loss from oomycete diseases caused by . CaSGT1 was previously determined to positively regulate the immune response of pepper plants against , but by which mechanism remains elusive.

Osteoinductivity enhancement by tailoring the surface chemical bond status: A strategy to mobilize host bone growth factors for bone regeneration.

The incorporation of growth factors and biomaterials is a promising strategy for improving osseointegration. However, current strategies to develop biomaterials with exogenous growth factors present disadvantages like inefficiency, difficult deployment, and potential off-target activation, making their translation into clinical practice challenging. This study reveals a bioactive N-doped tantalum carbide (TaC) solid solution film that can be used to construct a TaCN film via bionic interface engineering to recruit host bone growth factors to the wounded site and improve bone regeneration.