Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors: an updated patent review (2019-2024).

Introduction: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical regulator in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, BTK inhibitors have been a hot topic in drug development, with promising therapeutic prospects. Six BTK inhibitors have been approved, and several (including PROTAC) are undergoing clinical research.

Ultrasonic-boosted succinylation of walnut protein isolate: Unlocking enhanced functionalities and structural insights.

This study aims to improve the functional properties of walnut protein isolate (WPI), particularly its solubility and interfacial activity, through ultrasound-assisted succinylation. WPI was treated with succinic anhydride at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % (/w), with or without ultrasound assistance (300 W, 20 min). The effects on WPI's structure and functionality were systematically evaluated.

Palonosetron versus tropisetron with dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric adenotonsillectomy: a single center, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain significant complications following pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Although palonosetron, a second-generation 5-HT receptor antagonist, has shown potential for preventing PONV, further research is needed to assess its efficacy when combined with dexamethasone in pediatric otolaryngologic procedures. This study aims to observe the efficacy of palonosetron or tropisetron combined with dexamethasone in preventing PONV in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Protein Corona-Detachable Microwave Ablation Amplifiers Actuate Pyroptosis to Repolarize Immortal Cancer into Senescent Ones.

Cancer immortality represents high plasticity and tolerance, and incomplete treatment methods such as microwave ablation (MWA) remodel the residual cancer microenvironment to further potentiate cancer resistance. Nanomedicine is a solution, but the serum protein corona and abnormal intratumoral blood vessels attenuate their delivery efficiency. Herein, protein corona-detachable MWA amplifiers consisting of O-binding mesoporous silica nanoparticles and doxorubicin (DOX) have been engineered.

First Lasing and Stable Operation of a Direct-Amplification Enabled Harmonic Generation Free-Electron Laser.

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) capable of operating at repetition rates up to the MHz level are in high demand for advanced time-resolved spectroscopies, which require both full longitudinal coherence and high average photon flux in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray regimes. However, conventional external-seeding methods require ultraviolet seed lasers with peak powers on the order of 100 MW, constraining them to lower repetition rates. Here, we report the first lasing and stable operation of a direct-amplification enabled harmonic generation FEL driven by a weak seed laser with only MW-level peak power.

Optimizing Thyroid Nodule Management With Artificial Intelligence: Multicenter Retrospective Study on Reducing Unnecessary Fine Needle Aspirations.

Background: Most artificial intelligence (AI) models for thyroid nodules are designed to screen for malignancy to guide further interventions; however, these models have not yet been fully implemented in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate AI in real clinical settings for identifying potentially benign thyroid nodules initially deemed to be at risk for malignancy by radiologists, reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) and optimizing management.

Methods: We retrospectively collected a validation cohort of thyroid nodules that had undergone FNA.

Targeting tumor-associated CCR2 macrophages to inhibit pancreatic cancer recurrence following irreversible electroporation.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with pronounced resistance to conventional therapies. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising therapy for PDAC; however, its clinical efficacy is limited by a high recurrence rate. Here, using a preclinical PDAC model, we characterized the tumor immune microenvironment following insufficient IRE (iIRE) through single-cell RNA sequencing.

The Diagnostic Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound in Unclarified Lesions at the End of Extremities.

: Unlike other body parts, unclarified lesions at the end of extremities have unique challenges due to their small size and interference. Traditional imaging methods struggle with low resolution. HFUS enhances resolution, offering a potential diagnostic value.

MTS1 regulates rice plant architecture by mediating phosphoinositide metabolism.

Plant architecture is an agronomically important trait affecting grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we identified a gene, Moderate-tillering and Semi-dwarf 1 (MTS1), which encodes a type II Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5PTase).

Association between ultrasound-based biliary and parenchymal intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma subtypes and clinicopathological features and survival.

Objective: Mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (MF-ICCs) can be classified into ductal and parenchymal types using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to subclassify MF-ICC into biliary and parenchymal types based on ultrasound (US) findings and to investigate the differences in their contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) patterns, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis.

Methods: In this study, 141 patients who underwent US with pathologically proven MF-ICC from two hospitals were retrospectively enrolled.

Effectiveness of nulliparous women's different childbirth positions during the second stage of labor: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objectives: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor, providing evidence-based insights for obstetric institutions to guide interventions related to childbirth positions.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) to identify studies on the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor. The search included randomized controlled trials published from database inception to September 30, 2024.

Value of Diagnosis and Management for Skin Lesions by Integration of High-Frequency Ultrasound in Daily Practices: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify whether high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) could correct the misdiagnosis, confirm equivocal skin lesions, and improve the management after clinical examination.

Methods: In this study, a total of 574 skin lesions from 552 patients were prospectively enrolled. The specific diagnosis and management decisions (treatment/excision, observation) determined by HFUS after clinical examination were recorded during the clinical practice.

Development of gelatin-based antibacterial composite films incorporating dialdehyde starch and AgNPs@MXene for active food packaging.

The application of gelatin (GEL)-based films in food packaging is limited by poor mechanical strength, high water sensitivity, low gas barrier properties, and lack of antibacterial activity. In this study, dialdehyde starch (DS) and AgNPs-immobilized MXene nanosheets (AgNPs@MXene) were incorporated into GEL to fabricate active packaging films. The strong interfacial interactions and compact structure significantly enhanced the films' physicochemical properties.

Exploring succinylation in proteins: A comprehensive review from functional improvements to application potential.

As global populations grow and economic levels rise, the demand for high-quality proteins and their products is increasing. However, natural proteins generally suffer from poor solubility, low thermal stability, limited emulsifying and foaming properties, and undesirable flavors, severely restricting their industrial application. Succinylation, a chemical modification method involving the introduction of succinyl groups onto specific amino acid residues (particularly lysine), has shown considerable promise in improving protein functionalities.

Activation of NMDAR/Ca/CaKMII/ROS pathway by Brucella induced neuronal cell apoptosis.

Background: Neurobrucellosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by brucellosis and is the most serious form of brucellosis. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood, and there are no suitable molecular markers for rapid diagnosis. In the present study, we infected neuronal cells and brain slices with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with bruceopathy.

Safety of radiofrequency ablation in patients with hyperparathyroidism: a 10-year real-world multicenter experience.

Background: US-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a validated procedure for hyperparathyroidism (HPT). However, it is associated with potentially significant complications, and data regarding the incidence and risk factors associated with RFA-related complications are limited.

Objective: To assess the complication rates associated with RFA for HPT and identify the potential influential factors.

Asian consensus statement of experts on thermal ablation for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia, persistently elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and disturbances in mineral metabolism. Currently, a considerable amount of literature has consistently shown that thermal ablation is effective in maintaining parathyroid hormone levels within an appropriate range, normalizing calcium and phosphorus levels, improving clinical symptoms, and reducing the volume of parathyroid glands. However, there are currently no established guidelines regarding its utilization.

Ultrasound-Triggered Nanocomposite "Lever" Hydrogels with a Full Repair System Accelerates Diabetic Foot Ulcer Repair.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a complex mixture of neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infection, where excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbates inflammation and impairs healing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a hydrogel dressing with a 'lever' function to balance ROS levels in the wound to achieve both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on DFUs. In this study, we synthesised ROS-responsive diselenide liposomes loaded with a pro-skin healing factor (ergothioneine (ET)), thrombin, and a sonosensitizer (HMME) and constructed nanocomposite 'lever' hydrogels modulated by ultrasound (US).

Diagnosis of Sarcopenia Using Convolutional Neural Network Models Based on Muscle Ultrasound Images: Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Early detection is clinically crucial for the strategic handling of sarcopenia, yet the screening process, which includes assessments of muscle mass, strength, and function, remains complex and difficult to access.

Objective: This study aims to develop a convolutional neural network model based on ultrasound images to simplify the diagnostic process and promote its accessibility.

Methods: This study prospectively evaluated 357 participants (101 with sarcopenia and 256 without sarcopenia) for training, encompassing three types of data: muscle ultrasound images, clinical information, and laboratory information.

[Protective Effects of Low-Dose Irradiated Autologous Peripheral Blood Reinfusion on Radiation -Induced Leukopenia in Rats: An Experimental Study].

Objective: To investigate the effects of low-dose irradiated autologous peripheral blood reinfusion (LDIAPBR) on a rat model of radiation-induced leukopenia.

Methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups. In the LDIAPBR group, LDIAPBR was performed 1 day before modeling (10% of the total circulating blood volume was withdrawn, irradiated with 100 mGy ex vivo, and completely reinfused).

Research progress regarding physiological functions of probiotics and techniques to enhance their stress resistance: a review.

Probiotics have received widespread attention for their unique physiological functions, such as promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients, modulating the immune system, and inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. However, probiotics face severe challenges in terms of stability and viability in practical applications, such as environmental factors like acid, osmotic pressure, temperature, oxidation and bile salts, which make it difficult to maintain sufficient numbers of probiotics when they are delivered to their target location. Therefore, some technical protection is needed to improve the adhesion and viability of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract and to minimize damage to probiotic products during processing, transportation and handling.

Correlation Analysis of Human Immunological Indicators and Nosocomial Infections, Along With Evaluation Value for Prognosis.

This study aimed to analyze the relevant risk factors for nosocomial infection (NI) in patients who were admitted to an emergency department, explore the correlation between each influencing factor and the risk of NI, and evaluate the application value of immunological indicators on the patient prognosis, all of which can provide reference for clinical guidance. We prospectively enrolled 128 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who visited the emergency department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Basic information and serum samples were collected from the patients, and flow cytometry was used.

Left atrial posterior volume and posterior-anterior volume ratio as predictive factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence: Insights from regional atrial remodeling.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation poses a persistent clinical challenge. This study investigates the predictive value of left atrial posterior (LA-P) volume and the posterior-anterior volume ratio (PAVR) using computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Objective: This study aimed to assess the predictive significance of LA-P volume and PAVR for AF recurrence using CTA in patients undergoing catheter ablation.

Targeting Splenic Myeloid Cells with Nanobiologics to Prevent Postablative Pancreatic Cancer Recurrence via Inducing Antitumor Peripheral Trained Immunity.

Minimally invasive irreversible electroporation ablation shows promise for pancreatic cancer (PCa), but the high recurrence and metastasis rates pose a therapeutic challenge for loco-regional ablation treatment. Immunotherapy holds promise for preventing tumor recurrence, however, its efficacy against PCa remains limited. Here, using a preclinical model of PCa, it is identified that tumor development dramatically restructures the splenic immune landscape characterized by increased frequency of myeloid cells.

Soybean productivity can be enhanced by understanding rhizosphere microbiota: evidence from metagenomics analysis from diverse agroecosystems.

Background: Microbial communities associated with roots play a crucial role in the growth and health of plants and are constantly influenced by plant development and alterations in the soil environment. Despite extensive rhizosphere microbiome research, studies examining multi-kingdom microbial variation across large-scale agricultural gradients remain limited.

Results: This study investigates the rhizosphere microbial communities associated with soybean across 13 diverse geographical locations in China.