River water quality forecasting: a novel LSTM-Transformer approach enhanced by multi-source data.

Water quality prediction holds crucial importance as a fundamental technical support for efficient water resource management and strong ecological protection. In this study, aiming to meet the pressing requirement for eutrophication prevention and control in the water body of the Changzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, a prediction model for total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, driven by deep learning, was constructed. A comprehensive multivariate dataset was formed by combining automated water quality monitoring data within the basin, remotely sensed interpretations of land types, and meteorological factors.

Characteristics of gut and lung microbiota in patients with lung masses and their relationship with clinical features.

Objectives: The exploration of how dysbiosis relates to lung masses is still nascent, with few studies focusing on the microbial characteristics across various sites. Therefore, we categorized the microbiota into feces and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) groups to compare microbial characteristics between benign and malignant masses, analyze their clinical correlations, and develop predictive models for lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 238 fecal samples and 34 BALF samples were collected from patients with benign and malignant masses and then analyzed by 16 SrRNA.

Reconfigurable Counterion Gradient around Charged Metal Nanoparticles Enables Self-Rectifying and Volatile Artificial Synapse.

Developing a device that faithfully replicates the characteristics of biological synapses is a prerequisite for the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. An electronic device fabricated with metallic materials, instead of traditional semiconductors, is "genetically" impossible since the field applied to the metal is screened, leading to insensitive modulation in material conductance. Herein, these two independent or uncorrelated "challenges" can be addressed by using metal nanoparticles decorated with charged molecules.

Tuning the Fermi Level of Silver Nanoparticles by Thiocyanate Ions for Plasmonic Catalysis.

The Fermi level of plasmonic metals governs the generation and energetics of hot electrons, thereby determining their catalytic behavior. Herein, we introduce thiocyanate ions (SCN) as surface ligands to modulate the Fermi level of silver. Their strong and stable chemisorption enables efficient tuning of the electronic structure over a broad range.

Toti-N-glycan Recognition Enables Universal Multiplexed Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing.

Sample barcoding-based multiplex single-cell and single-nucleus sequencing (sc/sn-seq) offers substantial advantages by reducing costs, minimizing batch effects, and identifying artifacts, thereby advancing biological and biomedical research. Despite these benefits, universal sample barcoding has been hindered by challenges such as inhomogeneous expression of tagged biomolecules, limited tagging affinity, and insufficient genetic insertion. To overcome these limitations, we developed Toti-N-Seq, a universal sample multiplex method, by tagging Toti-N-glycan on cell surfaces or nuclear membranes via our engineered streptavidin-Fbs1 GYR variant fusion protein, which could be used not only for sc-seq but also for sn-seq.

Accelerated Monte Carlo-driven statistical reconstruction for CBCT scatter correction.

The traditional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) model has not sufficiently accounted for the effects of X-ray scattering, resulting in cupping and streak artifacts in the reconstructed images. These artifacts significantly degrade the quality of soft tissue imaging, severely impacting the accuracy of medical diagnosis. Accurately modeling the X-ray scattering process and efficiently solving it are crucial for scattering correction.

Stepwise Assembly and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy of Homochiral Dinuclear Ir(III) Triple-Stranded Metallohelices.

Rational design of chiral metallodrugs with precise stereochemical control and enhanced photodynamic performance is pivotal for advancing precision oncology. Herein, we report the stepwise assembly of homochiral dinuclear Ir(III) triple-stranded metallohelices (ΔΔ-/ΛΛ-) via dynamic imine ligation followed by reductive stabilization, yielding configurationally stable amine-bridged helical architectures with locked chirality. While both enantiomers exhibit comparable dark toxicities, the ΔΔ-enantiomer demonstrates enhanced photodynamic activity against multiple cancer cell lines under white light irradiation.

Challenges and Prospects of Personalized Healthcare Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Personalized healthcare monitoring is a transformative tool for preventing potential risks and enhancing health status, particularly through molecular-level insights. Advances in nanotechnology, smart devices, and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized personalized healthcare, especially in point-of-care testing (POCT), enabling early detection and timely intervention. Recently, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology, particularly with flexible chips, has shown immense promise in this field due to its in situ, rapid, specific, and efficient detection capabilities.

Menopausal status, transition, and age at menopause with accelerated biological aging across multiple organ systems: findings from two cohort studies.

Background: Biological aging is a heterogeneous process that varies across organs and systems. The dynamic hormonal changes during the menopausal transition may have profound and organ-specific impacts on biological aging. However, the relationship between the menopausal transition and both comprehensive and organ-specific biological aging remains poorly understood.

Effects of Mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Phthalic Acid Monobenzyl Ester on endometriosis using network toxicology, machine learning and molecular docking techniques.

Phthalate metabolites Mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(MEHP) and Phthalic Acid Monobenzyl Ester (MBZP) are widely present in the environment, can interfere with the endocrine system and accumulate in human tissues, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of endometriosis. In this study, by integrating multiple databases such as ChEMBL and STITCH, 503 human target genes of the two metabolites were screened out. After intersection with 1735 genes related to endometriosis, a core gene set of 50 was obtained.

Ultrahigh-Throughput Multiplexed Screening of Purified Protein from Cell-Free Expression Using Droplet Microfluidics.

Screening large libraries is essential for protein engineering, but traditional approaches are limited by low throughput and biological variability. Here, we present an ultrahigh-throughput droplet microfluidics platform utilizing cell-free expression to screen libraries of purified proteins. We use bifunctional agarose beads to capture both DNA and encoded proteins, facilitating complete reagent exchange between incompatible reaction steps.

Optimizing Thyroid Nodule Management With Artificial Intelligence: Multicenter Retrospective Study on Reducing Unnecessary Fine Needle Aspirations.

Background: Most artificial intelligence (AI) models for thyroid nodules are designed to screen for malignancy to guide further interventions; however, these models have not yet been fully implemented in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate AI in real clinical settings for identifying potentially benign thyroid nodules initially deemed to be at risk for malignancy by radiologists, reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) and optimizing management.

Methods: We retrospectively collected a validation cohort of thyroid nodules that had undergone FNA.

Erlotinib-functionalized dextran derivatives enable self-assembly of redox-responsive paclitaxel dimers for lung Cancer treatment after intratracheal delivery.

The intratracheal route enables an enhanced drug accumulation within the lungs together with reduced systemic exposure, making it a promising approach for treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, dextran-PEG-erlotinib co-polymers (DPE), novel amphiphilic conjugates with outstanding therapeutic activities against EGFR-overexpressed NSCLC and stabilizing effects were synthesized and facilitated self-assembly of redox-sensitive paclitaxel dimers. The obtained nanoassemblies (DPE dimer NPs) exhibited high drug loading efficiency, satisfactory stability and optimal redox responsive paclitaxel release profile comparable with control nanoassemblies (TPGS dimer NPs), where paclitaxel dimers were assembled in the presence of TPGS, a therapeutically inert stabilizer.

Gut microbiota and SCFAs improve the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC.

The role of gut dysbiosis in shaping immunotherapy responses is well-recognized, yet its effect on the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations remains poorly understood. We analyzed gut microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy, comparing responders and non-responders using 16S rRNA sequencing. Responders showed higher microbial richness and abundance of specific genera like Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum, and the phylum Firmicutes.

hnRNPA2B1 restrains granulosa cell ferroptosis by mA/SLC7A11 in premature ovarian failure.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a relatively severe gynecological disorder that is often accompanied by other systemic diseases. Here, this study identified that N-methyladenosine (mA) key enzyme heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) was associated with POF pathophysiological process. In the chemotherapy induced POF animal and cells, hnRNPA2B1 was down-regulated upon cisplatin (CDDP) treatment.

Effects of different game-based physical activity programs on body composition in Chinese preschool children.

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern, with preschool obesity rates in China reaching 10.4%. Physical activity (PA) is crucial for childhood obesity prevention, yet many children fail to meet recommended PA levels.

Characterizing the HLA region's genetic architecture through local heritability and correlation analyses across complex traits in diverse ancestries.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is a critical genetic locus associated with diverse complex traits, yet its intricate genetic architecture poses significant challenges to elucidation. Leveraging recent advances in regional heritability estimation and extensive datasets from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the HLA region's genetic architecture. This involved heritability estimation and genetic correlation analyses within the HLA region across European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs).

Confinement of ions within graphene oxide membranes enables neuromorphic artificial gustation.

Introducing neuromorphic computing paradigms into taste-sensing technology will bring unprecedented opportunities for developing new hardware architectures with perceptual intelligence. Constructing the biomimetic gustatory system, however, remains a challenge due to the scarcity of suitable components operating under wet conditions. Here, we report that ion confinement within the layered graphene oxide membranes can be used to develop a memristive device capable of implementing both synaptic function and chemical sensing.

Beyond nature's clock: Accelerating genomic diversity through hypermutation.

Gene mutation is the primary source of genetic variation, yet natural mutation rates are insufficient to meet the demands of biotechnological applications. This review systematically examines advancements in hypermutation technologies designed to overcome this limitation, focusing on targeted, multi-target, and genome-wide approaches, and their transformative applications across diverse fields. By comparing these tools across multiple dimensions, including mutation scope, rate, and type, we provide insights to guide the selection of optimal mutagenesis tools for accessing distinct genetic landscapes and addressing practical challenges.

[Association Between Surrogate Markers of Insulin Resistance and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Population With Stages 0-3 Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study].

Objective: To investigate the association between 8 insulin resistance (IR) surrogate markers and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in population with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) of stages 0-3, and to identify the surrogate marker with the best predictive performance.

Methods: A study was conducted on 20121 community residents classified as CKM stages 0-3 from the Chengdu cohort of the China Multi-Ethic Cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) between each IR surrogate marker and incident ASCVD.

Associations of ambient air pollution exposure and sleep pattern with brain structures: A prospective study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Previous studies have shown associations between exposure to air pollution (AP) and total gray matter volume (GMV) and total white matter volume (WMV). However, no study has explored the impact of sleep conditions (sleep behaviors and sleep patterns) on the associations between AP and brain structures.

Methods: This study included over 21,000 participants from the UK Biobank.

Ring Artifacts Removal Based on Implicit Neural Representation of Sinogram Data.

Inconsistent responses of X-ray detector elements lead to stripe artifacts within the sinogram data, which subsequently manifest as ring artifacts in the reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images, severely degrading image quality. This paper presents a novel method for correcting stripe artifacts in the sinogram data by separating the sinogram into an Ideal Sinogram (IS) and Stripe Artifacts (SA), with both components parameterized through Implicit Neural Representations (INR). The proposed method leverages INR to correct defective pixel response values using implicit continuous functions while simultaneously learning stripe features in the angular direction of the sinogram data.

Analysis of risk factors and the predictive value of a nomogram model for coronary heart disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to a complex interplay of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and RA-specific mechanisms. This study aimed to identify key risk factors for CHD in RA patients and develop a nomogram model for individualized risk prediction.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 258 RA patients, including 32 with CHD and 226 without CHD, admitted between January 2021 and August 2024.

Enhanced Nonaqueous Stability of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase Immobilized on Phthalocyanine-Dyed Absorbent Cotton.

To enhance the nonaqueous catalysis of lipases, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was immobilized on cotton fibers dyed with tetra-β-amino-phthalocyanine zinc or tetra-β-nitro-phthalocyanine zinc by physical adsorption in a column glass bottle and used to catalyze transesterification between hexanol and vinyl acetate. The suitable ratios of lipase to immobilized carriers were 10: 10 (mg: mg), and the employed carriers enhanced the enzymatic activity by more than 2.3-fold during the initial reaction stage.

Treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with severe collapse of the anterior and middle columns via balloon-assisted endplate reduction, transpedicular bone grafting and pedicle screw fixation.

Purpose: Thoracolumbar fractures involving severe collapse of the anterior and middle columns are difficult to reduce via posterior surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of balloon-assisted endplate reduction (BAER), transpedicular bone grafting, and pedicle screw fixation for this type of thoracolumbar fracture.

Methods: This retrospective study included 87 patients with thoracolumbar fractures involving severe collapse of the anterior and middle columns treated from January 2020 to January 2022.