Root-to-shoot mobile mRNA CmoKARI1 promotes JA-Ile biosynthesis to confer chilling tolerance in grafted cucumbers.

Pumpkin rootstock is commonly used to graft cucurbit crops, improving their ability to withstand stress. While the significance of systemic signals from rootstocks to scions is recognized, the role of root-to-shoot transported mRNAs remains understudied. Cucumber plants often face growth and productivity limitations due to low temperatures.

NFIA regulates articular chondrocyte fatty acid metabolism and joint homeostasis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease with an etiology partially rooted in metabolic dysfunction, yet the underlying mechanisms in this context are not determined, limiting opportunities to develop therapeutic treatments. In this study, we used a multiomic approach combining RNA sequencing, ATAC-seq, MRE-seq, and metabolomics to reveal that OA articular chondrocytes induced by imbalanced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling have increased fatty acid synthesis and oxidation processes regulated by nuclear factor I A (NFIA) up-regulation. Inhibition of suppressed the elevated gene expression of essential metabolic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase A () and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (), leading to the restoration of fatty acid metabolism and cellular homeostasis in both murine and human OA articular chondrocytes.

miR-193a-3p prevents tumour progression by targeting TCL1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Unlabelled: Both miR-193a-3p and T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 1 (TCL1) are enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is pivotal for the regulation of the initiation and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although miR-193a-3p has been demonstrated to exert an inhibitory effect in various tumors, the relationship between miR-193a-3p and TCL1, as well as the mechanisms by which miR-193a-3p participates in the modulation of DLBCL onset and progression, remain to be elucidated. The expression levels of miR-193a-3p and TCL1 in DLBCL cells were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and their impact on DLBCL cell growth was assessed through cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry.

Core-multiplex-micro component profiling for precision discrimination of multi-sources and adulterated arnebiae radix, from herbs to formulations.

Background: The "one-to-multiple" phenomenon and counterfeiting are prevalent in herbal medicines. Accurately identifying these issues in both crude herbs and commercial formulated products is crucial for ensuring drug safety and efficacy. However, this task remains inherently challenging due to the complex nature of the matrices involved.

A systematic review of separation/preconcentration and detection techniques for speciation analysis of arsenic and selenium in water.

The speciation of arsenic and selenium in aquatic environments has garnered significant research attention owing to the critical relationship between elemental speciation and both toxicity profiles and bioavailability mechanisms. Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been achieved in developing advanced analytical methodologies for speciation analysis, particularly addressing the challenges posed by arsenic's pronounced toxicity and selenium's dual biological roles. This review systematically examines the separation/preconcentration techniques and detection strategies employed in various aqueous matrices, including riverine systems, lacustrine environments, marine waters, and surface water bodies.

[Impacts of Sulforaphane on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Acute Promyelogenous Leukemia by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway].

Objective: To investigate the impacts of sulforaphane (SPN) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute promyelogenous leukemia by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Methods: NB4 cells were divided into 5 μmol/L SPN group, 10 μmol/L SPN group, 20 μmol/L SPN group, 740 Y-P (10 μmol/L) group and 20 μmol/L SPN+740 Y-P group, and the untreated NB4 cells were used as the control group. CCK-8, Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry and monodansulfonylpentanediamine (MDC) were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy, respectively.

Current cutting-edge omics techniques on musculoskeletal tissues and diseases.

Musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, bone fracture, intervertebral disc degeneration, tendinopathy, and myopathy, are prevalent conditions that profoundly impact quality of life and place substantial economic burdens on healthcare systems. Traditional bulk transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have played a pivotal role in uncovering disease-associated alterations at the population level. However, these approaches are inherently limited in their ability to resolve cellular heterogeneity or to capture the spatial organization of cells within tissues, thus hindering a comprehensive understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases.

Zinc Metalloprotease SlMEP1: An Essential Factor Required for Fungal Virulence in .

is the causal pathogen of the devastating tomato gray leaf spot with a wide range of alternative plant hosts. To mitigate its potential endemic in facility-cultivated tomatoes, novel disease control strategies should be attempted to minimize the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, we identified a metalloprotease from genome and designated it as SlMEP1, as it appears to be a typical zinc metalloproteinase containing a WLM (WSS1-like metalloprotease) domain and a characteristic HEXXH motif, which we determined by analyzing its transcriptional profile and enzymatic functions.

MK886 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by activating the PRKCI/AKT signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, associated with oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Despite advances in understanding AD pathology, effective treatments remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of MK886, a selective inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, in the context of AD.

26S Proteasome Subunit SlPBB2 Regulates Fruit Development and Ripening in Tomato.

Proteasomes are protein complexes responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins through proteolysis and play critical roles in regulating plant development and response to environmental stresses. However, it is still unclear whether proteasomes regulate fruit development and ripening. In this study, we investigated the function of a core proteasome subunit, SlPBB2, in tomato fruit.

SPOP enhances FADD degradation and decreases the activeness of the NF-κB signaling pathway in prostate cancer: an study.

Background: Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) have been shown to be associated with the development of prostate cancer (PCa). FADD has been shown to activate the NF-κB pathway to promote tumorigenesis, while SPOP has been shown to enhance the breakdown of FADD and inhibit the function of the NF-κB signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. The existence of this mechanism has not yet been confirmed in PCa.

Oxygen Vacancy-Mediated Microflower-like BiOI for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation through Piezo-Photocoupling Effect.

Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution with BiOI still suffers from sluggish charge carrier dynamics and limited light absorption. Herein, abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) were introduced into the microflower-like BiOI, and its ROS generation toward organic dye degradation under the synergistic effect of visible light and ultrasound irradiation was investigated. Benefiting from the broadened visible-light absorption range, stronger piezoresponse, and higher carrier transport efficiency in OV-enriched BiOI (2-PEG-BiOI), both its photocatalytic and piezocatalytic degradations were improved.

Biocompatible dually reinforced gellan gum hydrogels with selective antibacterial activity.

The poor mechanics and functionality of natural-polymer hydrogels from gellan gum (GG) prohibit their practical application, despite the intrinsic thermo-reversible gelation nature, structural and quality consistency, biocompatibility, biodegradability and sustainability of microbial fermentation-produced GG. Herein, a dual-reinforcing strategy, i.e.

The role of acetylation and deacetylation in cancer metabolism.

As a hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming adjusts macromolecular synthesis, energy metabolism and redox homeostasis processes to adapt to and promote the complex biological processes of abnormal growth and proliferation. The complexity of metabolic reprogramming lies in its precise regulation by multiple levels and factors, including the interplay of multiple signalling pathways, precise regulation of transcription factors and dynamic adjustments in metabolic enzyme activity. In this complex regulatory network, acetylation and deacetylation, which are important post-translational modifications, regulate key molecules and processes related to metabolic reprogramming by affecting protein function and stability.

α,β-Epoxy Ketone Rearrangements for the Practical Synthesis of Cephalotaxine and the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Azaspiro Allylic Alcohols.

We report herein that three facile rearrangements of epoxy ketones can be employed for the efficient and practical synthesis of cephalotaxine, the parent member of the family of alkaloids. The Meinwald rearrangement of epoxy ketone (90%) was used for the preparation of the dense functional groups in the cyclopentane ring of cephalotaxine. A novel acid-catalyzed umpolung S2' rearrangement and the Wharton transposition reaction of epoxy ketones were also developed to synthesize the Mori intermediate via the key azaspiro allylic alcohols in a stereodivergent manner.

Association and causal mediation between marital status and depression in seven countries.

Depression represents a significant global public health challenge, and marital status has been recognized as a potential risk factor. However, previous investigations of this association have primarily focused on Western samples with substantial heterogeneity. Our study aimed to examine the association between marital status and depressive symptoms across countries with diverse cultural backgrounds using a large-scale, two-stage, cross-country analysis.

Evaluating the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), proposed as a potential therapy for post-stroke dysphagia, on swallowing function in stroke survivors.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies on TES for post-stroke dysphagia. Search results were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, and the following data were extracted from included studies: study characteristics, demographics, and outcomes.

Advancements in nano-immunotherapy for gynecological cancers: A new frontier.

Gynecological cancers rank among the leading causes of death for women worldwide. Traditional treatment methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are commonly employed in patients with these tumors. However, the effectiveness of these approaches remains suboptimal due to issues like treatment resistance and challenges in early detection.

m5C and m6A modifications regulate the mobility of pumpkin CHOLINE KINASE 1 mRNA under chilling stress.

Mobile messenger RNAs (mRNAs) serve as crucial long-distance signaling molecules, responding to environmental stimuli in plants. Although many mobile transcripts have been identified, only a limited subset has been characterized as functional long-distance signals within specific plant species, raising an intriguing question about whether the prevalence of species specificity in mobile transcripts implies a divergence in the mechanisms governing mRNA mobility across distinct plant species. Our study delved into the notable case of CHOLINE KINASE 1 (CK1), an extensively studied instance of mobile mRNAs regulated by a transfer RNA-like sequence (TLS) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

The landscape of RNA binding proteins in mammalian spermatogenesis.

Despite continuous expansion of the RNA binding protein (RBP) world, there is a lack of systematic understanding of RBPs in the mammalian testis, which harbors one of the most complex tissue transcriptomes. We adapted RNA interactome capture to mouse male germ cells, building an RBP atlas characterized by multiple layers of dynamics along spermatogenesis. Trapping of RNA-cross-linked peptides showed that the glutamic acid-arginine (ER) patch, a residue-coevolved polyampholytic element present in coiled coils, enhances RNA binding of its host RBPs.

Extracellular microRNAs associated with psychiatric symptoms in the Normative Aging Study.

Earlier studies have revealed microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for neurological conditions, however, such evidence on psychiatric outcomes is limited. We utilized the Normative Aging Study (NAS) cohort to investigate the associations between extracellular miRNAs (ex-miRNA) and psychiatric symptoms among a group of older male adults, along with the targeted genes and biological pathways. We studied 569 participants with miRNA profile primarily measured in extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma, and psychiatric symptoms reported over 1996-2014 with repeated measures.

The association between toenail metals and extracellular MicroRNAs (ex-miRNAs) among the participants of the Normative Aging study (NAS).

Background: Mechanistic studies of the effects of environmental risk factors have been exploring the potential role of microRNA(miRNAs) as a possible pathway to clinical disease. In this study we examine whether levels of toenail metals are associated with changes in extracellular miRNA(ex-miRNA) expression.

Methods: We used data derived from the Normative Aging Study from 1996 to 2014 to conduct our analyses.

Vascular restoration through local delivery of angiogenic factors stimulates bone regeneration in critical size defects.

Critical size bone defects represent a significant challenge worldwide, often leading to persistent pain and physical disability that profoundly impact patients' quality of life and mental well-being. To address the intricate and complex repair processes involved in these defects, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and revealed notable shifts in cellular populations within regenerative tissue. Specifically, we observed a decrease in progenitor lineage cells and endothelial cells, coupled with an increase in fibrotic lineage cells and pro-inflammatory cells within regenerative tissue.

A novel long noncoding RNA ENST00000597482 serves as a potential biomarker for disease activity and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) however, the contribution of lncRNAs to SLE remains largely unclear. Our study aimed to explore the lncRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients.

Methods: LncRNA sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes in PBMCs from 5 SLE-MIX samples and 3 healthy controls (HC)-MIX samples, and the expression of selected lncRNAs was further verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR).