Preconception, prenatal and early childhood exposure to green space and risk of neurodevelopmental delays: a national cohort study among Medicaid enrollees.

Background: Exposure to green space is associated with children's mental health, but its impact on neurodevelopment has been underexplored, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. This study examined the link between exposure to green space before, during, and after pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delays in children enrolled in Medicaid.

Methods: This cohort study of 1,841,915 mother-child pairs used data from the Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) from 2001 to 2014, with up to 14 years of follow-up.

Association of Annual Exposure to Air Pollution Mixture on Asthma Hospitalizations in the United States.

Air pollutants have adverse effects on asthma exacerbation in people of all ages. However, fewer studies have examined long-term exposure to particle components in conjunction with nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone (O) to assess their mixture effects. We used weighted quantile sum regression to assess the cumulative effects of 15 particle components, including organic compounds and metals, together with NO and O, on counts of inpatient asthma hospitalizations for children 0-18 years of age and adults 19-64 years of age.

Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide and tenofovir alafenamide in treating elderly patients diagnosed with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background/aim: Tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) has demonstrated significant antiviral activity and safety in individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in randomized clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety disparities between TMF and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in treating elderly patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis in real-world settings.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of elderly patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated with TMF or TAF in our hospital's outpatient department between January 2022 and December 2023 was the focus of this study.

Early-life cognitively stimulating activities and late-life cognitive function in the St. Louis Baby Tooth Later Life Health Study.

Childhood cognitively stimulating activities have been associated with higher cognitive function in late life. Whether activities in early or late childhood are more salient, and whether activities are associated with specific cognitive domains is unknown. Participants retrospectively reported cognitively stimulating activities at ages 6, 12, and 18 years.

Extracellular microRNAs associated with psychiatric symptoms in the Normative Aging Study.

Earlier studies have revealed microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for neurological conditions, however, such evidence on psychiatric outcomes is limited. We utilized the Normative Aging Study (NAS) cohort to investigate the associations between extracellular miRNAs (ex-miRNA) and psychiatric symptoms among a group of older male adults, along with the targeted genes and biological pathways. We studied 569 participants with miRNA profile primarily measured in extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma, and psychiatric symptoms reported over 1996-2014 with repeated measures.

Grouped mixtures of air pollutants and seasonal temperature anomalies and cardiovascular hospitalizations among U.S. Residents.

Background: Air pollution is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Temperature is also linked to CVD, with a primary focus on acute effects. Despite the close relationship between air pollution and temperature, their health effects are often examined separately, potentially overlooking their synergistic effects.

Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study.

Objective: To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes.

Design: Population based cohort study.

Setting: Contiguous US.

Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, particulate constituents and hospital admissions from non-respiratory infection.

The association between PM2.5 and non-respiratory infections is unclear. Using data from Medicare beneficiaries and high-resolution datasets of PM2.

Long-term noise exposures and cardiovascular diseases mortality: A study in 5 U.S. states.

Background: Previous studies have linked noise exposure with adverse cardiovascular events. However, evidence remains inconsistent, and most previous studies only focused on traffic noise, excluding other anthropogenic sources like constructions, industrial process and commercial activities. Additionally, few studies have been conducted in the U.

Light exposure during sleep is bidirectionally associated with irregular sleep timing: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).

Exposure to light at night (LAN) may influence sleep timing and regularity. Here, we test whether greater light exposure during sleep (LEDS) is bidirectionally associated with greater irregularity in sleep onset timing in a large cohort of older adults in cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal (days) analyses. Light exposure and activity patterns, measured via wrist-worn actigraphy (ActiWatch Spectrum), were analyzed in 1933 participants with 6+ valid days of data in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Exam 5 Sleep Study.

Light exposure during sleep is associated with irregular sleep timing: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Objective: Exposure to light at night (LAN) may influence sleep timing and regularity. Here, we test whether greater light exposure during sleep (LEDS) associates with greater irregularity in sleep onset timing in a large cohort of older adults.

Methods: Light exposure and activity patterns, measured via wrist-worn actigraphy (ActiWatch Spectrum), were analyzed in 1,933 participants with 6+ valid days of data in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Exam 5 Sleep Study.

Early-life participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of depression and anxiety in late life.

Background: Early-life stressful experiences are associated with increased risk of adverse psychological outcomes in later life. However, much less is known about associations between early-life positive experiences, such as participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and late-life mental health. We investigated whether greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities in early life is associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety in late life.

Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM and Hospitalizations for Myocardial Infarction Among US Residents: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis.

Background Air pollution has been recognized as an untraditional risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the MI risk attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM) is unclear, especially in younger populations, and few studies have represented the general population or had power to examine comorbidities.

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate components and leukocyte epigenome-wide DNA Methylation in older men: the Normative Aging Study.

Background: Epigenome-wide association studies of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) have been reported. However, few have examined PM components (PMCs) and sources or included repeated measures. The lack of high-resolution exposure measurements is the key limitation.

Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM and NO and primary cancer incidence in American older adults.

Unlabelled: Epidemiologic evidence on the relationships between air pollution and the risks of primary cancers other than lung cancer remained largely lacking. We aimed to examine associations of 10-year exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers.

Methods: For each cancer, we constructed a separate cohort among the national Medicare beneficiaries during 2000 to 2016.

Seasonal Temperature Variability and Mortality in the Medicare Population.

Background: Seasonal temperature variability remains understudied and may be modified by climate change. Most temperature-mortality studies examine short-term exposures using time-series data. These studies are limited by regional adaptation, short-term mortality displacement, and an inability to observe longer-term relationships in temperature and mortality.

Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US.

Importance: Emerging evidence has suggested harmful associations of air pollutants with neurodegenerative diseases among older adults. However, little is known about outcomes regarding late-life mental disorders, such as geriatric depression.

Objective: To investigate if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis among older adults in the US.

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in leukocytes and toenail metals: The normative aging study.

Background: Environmental metal exposures have been associated with multiple deleterious health endpoints. DNA methylation (DNAm) may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Toenail metals are non-invasive biomarkers, reflecting a medium-term time exposure window.

Air pollution, climate conditions and risk of hospital admissions for psychotic disorders in U.S. residents.

Background: The physical environmental risk factors for psychotic disorders are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the associations between exposure to ambient air pollution, climate measures and risk of hospitalization for psychotic disorders and uncover potential disparities by demographic, community factors.

Methods: Using Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SIDs), we applied zero-inflated negative binomial regression to obtain relative risks of hospitalization due to psychotic disorders associated with increases in residential exposure to ambient air pollution (fine particulate matter, PM; nitrogen dioxide, NO), temperature and cumulative precipitation.

Short term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the US: a double negative control analysis.

Rationale: Studies examining the association of short-term air pollution exposure and daily deaths have typically been limited to cities and used citywide average exposures, with few using causal models.

Objectives: To estimate the associations between short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM), ozone (O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in multiple US states using census tract or address exposure and including rural areas, using a double negative control analysis.

Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study examining the entire population of seven US states from 2000-2015, with over 3 million non-accidental deaths.

Fine particle components and risk of psychiatric hospitalization in the U.S.

Background: There is a lack of evidence for the associations between atmospheric particle components exposure and psychiatric health. We aimed to identify the most toxic particle component(s) and source(s) related with psychiatric illness.

Methods: Using Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SIDs), we analyzed the relative risk (RR) of psychiatric hospitalization associated with increased residential exposure to 14 particle components (Zn, V, Si, Pb, Ni, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Br, sulfate (SO), nitrate (NO), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)).

The Impact of Exposure Measurement Error on the Estimated Concentration-Response Relationship between Long-Term Exposure to and Mortality.

Background: Exposure measurement error is a central concern in air pollution epidemiology. Given that studies have been using ambient air pollution predictions as proxy exposure measures, the potential impact of exposure error on health effect estimates needs to be comprehensively assessed.

Objectives: We aimed to generate wide-ranging scenarios to assess direction and magnitude of bias caused by exposure errors under plausible concentration-response relationships between annual exposure to fine particulate matter [PM in aerodynamic diameter ()] and all-cause mortality.

Associations of short-term exposure to air pollution and increased ambient temperature with psychiatric hospital admissions in older adults in the USA: a case-crossover study.

Background: Little is known about the associations between ambient environmental exposures and the risk of acute episodes of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to estimate the link between short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants, temperature, and acute psychiatric hospital admissions in adults aged 65 years and older in the USA.

Methods: For this study, we included all people (aged ≥65 years) enrolled in the Medicare programme in the USA who had an emergency or urgent hospital admission for a psychiatric disorder recorded between Jan 31, 2000, and Dec 31, 2016.