Molecular characteristics of halogenated disinfection byproducts elucidated by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Dissolved organic matter is the main precursor for the formation of halogenated disinfection by-products (X-DBPs) during the disinfection of drinking water. However, the majority of the X-DBPs identified based on the artificially prepared water using the Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM) will bias the assessment of X-DBP formation potential in actual natural water. Herein, the non-targeted analysis based on ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to reveal the discrepancy in the molecular composition of X-DBPs and their precursors in SRNOM solution and actual authentic samples during disinfection.

Significant enhancement of photoproduced reactive intermediates in liquid-like region in frozen surface water for micropollutant degradation.

Freezing enhancing the photochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), yet the mechanism of reactive intermediate (RIs) generation influenced by DOM property and structure remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that freezing induces exceptional amplification of RIs, with steady-state concentrations in ice (-10 °C) surpassing aqueous solutions by 5-41 times. Laser scanning confocal microscopy first visualized cryo-concentration of DOM and RIs in liquid-like regions (LLR).

Study on the isolation of rhizosphere bacteria and the mechanism of growth promotion in winter wheat in response to drought stress.

Introduction: Wheat is one of the three major cereal crops in the world and is susceptible to the effects of drought stress. Rhizosphere microorganisms can affect plant growth by altering nutrient absorption and resistance to stress. Studying the plant-microbe interaction under drought stress to reveal the impact of soil microorganisms on plant growth in dry land has important scientific significance.

pH-dependent response of soil microbial community and multifunctionality to long-term low and moderate mercury pollution.

Low and moderate concentrations represent the predominant forms of mercury pollution in contaminated regions. Nevertheless, the responses of soil microbial communities to these pollution levels are still poorly understood. Here, under field conditions, we evaluated the impact of long-term exposure to low and moderate Hg pollution (0.

River transport of Hg as a potential contamination pathway for sediments, soils and vegetation: management practices.

River systems, besides shaping their landscapes through the formation of Fluvisols, can also act as pathways for transporting significant pollutants, affecting both the river and its surrounding areas. One such pollutant is mercury (Hg). To assess the impact on sediments and adjacent riverbanks, including Fluvisols and their vegetation, the alluvial plains near Poland's most important river have been studied to understand this process and propose effective management measures.

Metal(loid) Source Apportionment and Spatial Drivers in Irrigated Terrace Soils in a Typical Pb-Zn Mining Area.

Metal(loid) contamination levels and the factors governing metal(loid) accumulation patterns in terraced agricultural systems were studied using 1250 surface (0-20 cm depth) soil samples. The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 132, 62.3, 140, 42.

Optimizing soil fertility and climate resilience: Superiority of organic farming in enhancing carbon sequestration and nitrogen supply.

The eastern Indo-Gangetic plains with huge natural resources have been projected as the seat of second green revolution in India which could only be possible by agricultural intensification and adoption of environment friendly and sustainable agricultural practices like organic farming (OF), natural farming (NF), and integrated crop management (ICM) practices. However, the effects of these management practices on soil carbon reserves and their lability, nitrogen fractions, crop yield and their potential to climate change mitigation are largely unexplored. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted (since 2020) to evaluate the impacts of NF OF, and ICM practices on depth-wise distribution of carbon and nitrogen fractions, carbon pools, carbon management index, carbon sequestration, and grain yield of rice in an acidic Alfisol under rice-maize system.

Ion toxicity in waterlogged soils: mechanisms of root response and adaptive strategies.

Waterlogging poses a significant global threat to agriculture by inducing ion toxicities (e.g. Fe², Mn², NH ) in roots due to soil redox changes.

Assessment of fertilizer prescription equations, crop and soil performance with different nutrient management practices for green gram (Vigna radiata) in Southern India's Alfisols.

The effect of fertilizers application based on "fertilizing the soil versus fertilizing the crop" which ensure real balance between the applied and available soil nutrient is urgently needed. Hence, the present study was conducted during two consecutive crop seasons (Kharif 2022 and Kharif 2023) to assess the effect of imbalanced and balanced fertilization based on initial soil test values and targeted yields, and to determine the effect of different approaches of nutrient recommendation on soil quality, nutrient acquisition, and yield of green gram. The eight fertilizer treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications.

Unique plastisphere viromes with habitat-dependent potential for modulating global methane cycle.

Plastispheres, novel niches in the Anthropocene, harbor microbial communities with unique functional signatures. As the most abundant biological entity on Earth, viruses are key regulators of microbial community composition and metabolism. However, little is known about viral communities and their functions in the plastisphere.

Magnetite-mediated microbial functional restructuring and electron transfer pathways for enhanced PAHs degradation in contaminated sediments.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments threaten aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the effects of nano-Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) on PAHs biodegradation in contaminated river sediments under simulated aquatic conditions over 210 days. Sediments amended with 0.

Thiols regulate photo-transformed fates of anthracene at surfaces of minerals: Potential roles of sulfhydryl in oxidative coupling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Thiols, such as glutathione (GSH), are key organic sulfur compounds in organic matters. There is a scarcity of research on the interactions between thiols and organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study reveals that the coexistence of GSH and PAHs significantly influenced their co-transformation fates on mineral surfaces under light irradiation.

The transcription factor ANAC053 confers aluminum tolerance via regulation of a cell wall modifying gene.

Cell wall modification alters plant resistance to aluminum (Al), although the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified the No Apical Meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis Transcription Factor 1/2 (ATAF1/2) and Cup-shaped Cotyledon 2 (CUC2) (NAC) transcription factor (TF) ANAC053 as crucial for Al resistance in Arabidopsis. (Arabidopsis thaliana) Al caused a concurrent increase in ANAC053 transcript and protein accumulation, and anac053 mutants were sensitive to Al, whereas transgenic lines overexpressing ANAC053 exhibited reduced Al sensitivity.

Amending intensively fertilized soils with manure for 40 years increases inorganic and organic phosphorus pools and promotes microbe-mediated phosphorus mobilization.

Soil phosphorus (P) pools are affected by the quantity and quality of fertilizer applications, with phosphatases produced by soil microbes playing an important role in the transformation of organic P. In this study, the effect of different fertilization practices on soil P forms, microbial community and mineralization processes was investigated in a long-term field experiment in northeast China (initiated in 1979). P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, soil phosphatase activity (acid, alkaline and neutral phosphomonoesters) and soil chemical properties were analyzed to determine the processes and main factors influencing P transformations with different levels of organic P addition.

Applying Compost Biochar for Gas Adsorption-Effects of Pyrolysis Conditions.

Not all produced compost meets established quality standards, often resulting in environmental challenges. This study investigated the potential of using mature compost as a feedstock for biochar production, with a focus on evaluating the gas adsorption properties of the resulting biochars. Mature compost was utilized as a substrate, and the pyrolysis process involved heating samples within a temperature range of 400-650 °C, at 50 °C intervals, with heating rates of 10 °C·min, 15 °C·min, or 20 °C·min for a duration of 60 min.

Assessing the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides on non-target plant species.

Over the past two decades, pesticide use has increased globally, with over 91% of crops in the EU being treated. While pesticides improve crop yields, they also pose environmental risks. They can affect non-target plants by inhibiting germination, suppressing growth, and impairing photosynthesis.

Mineral-Armored Structure Enhanced the Stability of Polyethylene Microplastics Rather Than Polylactic Acid Microplastics: A Long-Term Natural Aging Study.

The aging of microplastics (MPs) depends on their surrounding environment and has significant implications for their environmental behavior and ecological risks. However, there are limited data on the long-term aging of MPs in different natural environments. The natural aging characteristics of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) and polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) exposed to air, soil surface, and subsurface conditions for 6 and 12 months, respectively, were evaluated.

Phage-mediated horizontal transfer of virulence genes with regulatory feedback from the host.

Phage-mediated horizontal transfer of virulence genes can enhance the transmission and pathogenicity of (), a process potentially regulated by its regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we explored the global dynamics of phage-mediated horizontal transfer in and investigated the role of its regulatory mechanisms in transduction. A total of 5178 viral sequences encoding 12 virulence genes were retrieved from the Integrated Microbial Genomes and Virome (IMG/VR) database, alongside 466,136 genomes from EnteroBase.

A national soil organic carbon density dataset (2010-2024) in China.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems and a key indicator of soil quality, agricultural potential, and climate regulation. Despite growing interest in SOC distribution across China, high-resolution and standardized datasets remain scarce. Here, we present a national soil organic carbon density (SOCD) dataset containing 23,103 samples from 7,852 soil profiles collected between 2010 and 2024.

An entropy weighting-based index model for rapid assessment of agricultural non-point source pollution potential in Jiangsu's plain river network.

The assessment of agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) in plain river network areas has always been a challenge due to its complex water regulation and storage mechanisms. It is urgent to construct a simple and accurate method for assessing AGNPS pollution in plain river network areas. In this study, an entropy weight method-based index model (EWM-APPI) was constructed to assess AGNPS pollution potential in the plain river network areas in Jiangsu Province.

Metatranscriptomic Insights into Aerobic Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate by an Enrichment Culture under Sulfur-Limiting Conditions.

6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), an alternative for PFOS, has become an environmental concern due to its toxicity. This study investigated the aerobic biotransformation of 6:2 FTS under sulfur-limiting conditions using an enrichment culture, SXC01. The enriched culture achieved ≥99.

NH, NO, NO and NO losses, emission factors and reduction mechanisms under different N managements from greenhouse vegetable soils.

Excessive nitrogen (N) application in greenhouse cultivation has led to substantial reactive N (Nr) emissions from soils, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study presents simultaneous high-frequency monitoring of ammonia (NH) volatilization, nitrous oxide (NO), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) emissions across three greenhouse vegetable seasons (tomato, cabbage and lettuce) under different N management regimes. Key findings reveal that emission factors of NH, NO, NO, and NO were 0.

Clay minerals limit nanoplastic uptake in wheat plant.

The effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on crop plants are receiving increasing attention. Studies have demonstrated that many crop plants can internalize and transport NPs to their aboveground tissues. However, the effect of ubiquitous soil clay minerals on NP uptake remains unclear.

Nano-biochar regulates phage-host interactions, reducing antibiotic resistance genes in vermicomposting systems.

Biochar amendment reshapes microbial community dynamics in vermicomposting, but the mechanism of how phages respond to this anthropogenic intervention and regulate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remains unclear. In this study, we used metagenomics, viromics, and laboratory validation to explore how nano-biochar affects phage-host interactions and ARGs dissemination in vermicomposting. Our results revealed distinct niche-specific phage life strategies.