Expanding structural insights into DNA packaging apparatus and endolysin LysSA05 function of Epsilon15 bacteriophage.

The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens, particularly spp., necessitates alternative antimicrobial solutions. Phage therapy offers a promising solution against MDR Gram-negative infections; however, its clinical application is constrained by the presence of endotoxins, residual cellular debris, the risk of horizontal gene transfer by temperate phages, and an incomplete understanding of how phage structural integrity influences infectivity and enzyme function.

Systematic evaluation of phenotypic variations induced by prophages in a clinical isolate of .

With the rise of antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infections caused by present a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Prophages integrated into bacterial chromosomes play a key role in generating phenotypic and genotypic diversity, influencing bacterial pathogenicity and complicating antimicrobial treatment strategies. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the precise localization of prophages within bacterial genomes.

Bacteriophage facilitated transmission of multidrug efflux pump regulatory genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, primarily driven by efflux pumps that expel antibiotics, poses a serious global health threat. Phages, particularly members of the class Caudoviricetes (94.7 %), play a significant role in the horizontal transfer of genetic material among bacterial hosts, potentially contributing to the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

Phage-host interaction in clinical isolates with functional and altered quorum sensing systems.

Quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in regulating key traits, including the upregulation of phage receptors, which leads to heightened phage susceptibility in . As a result, higher cell densities typically increase the risk of phage invasions. This has led to speculation that bacteria may have evolved strategies to counterbalance this increased susceptibility.

Synergistic action of mucoactive drugs and phages against and .

-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB) are commonly prescribed alongside antibiotics to alleviate sputum retention in lower respiratory tract infections, which are often caused by bacterial pathogens. With the rising threat of antibiotic resistance, phage therapy has emerged as a promising alternative alongside. However, no studies have explored the potential interactions between phages and these mucoactive agents despite their frequent concurrent use during phage therapy.

Understanding phage BX-1 resistance in AP-1 and the role of quorum-sensing regulation.

The marine ecosystem is characterized by a rich diversity of bacterial hosts and their phages. The propagation of phages is primarily limited by their ability to adsorb to host cells and is further challenged by various bacterial defense mechanisms. To fully realize the potential of phage therapy in aquaculture, a comprehensive understanding of phage-host interactions and their regulation is essential.

Growth stage-related capsular polysaccharide translocon Wza in Vibrio splendidus modifies phage vB_VspM_VS2 susceptibility.

Bacteria at different growth stages usually coordinate capsular polysaccharide (CPS) formation and may affect their susceptibility to phage. In this study, we evaluated the infection efficacy of phage vB_VspM_VS2 in V. splendidus AJ01 at different growth stages and explored the role of growth stage-related CPS translocon Wza in the susceptibility of V.

Characterization of a Filamentous Phage, Vaf1, from s AP-1.

Filamentous phages are ubiquitously distributed in the global oceans. However, little is known about their biological contribution to their host's genetic and phenotypic diversity. In this study, a filamentous phage, Vaf1, was isolated and characterized from the emerging marine pathogen strain Vibrio alginolyticus AP-1.

Characterization of Phage Resistance and Their Impacts on Bacterial Fitness in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance pose serious environmental and health challenges. Attention has been drawn to phage therapy as an alternative approach to combat antibiotic resistance with immense potential. However, one of the obstacles to phage therapy is phage resistance, and it can be acquired through genetic mutations, followed by consequences of phenotypic variations.

Characterization of Bacteriophage L5 Which Requires Type IV Pili for Infection.

is a common opportunistic human pathogen. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical infection of , phage therapy has received renewed attention in treating infections. Moreover, a detailed understanding of the host receptor of lytic phage is crucial for selecting proper phages for therapy.

Interactions between the Prophage 919TP and Its Host: Implications of Mutation for Phage Resistance, Cell Auto-Aggregation, and Motility.

Prophage 919TP is widely distributed among and is induced to produce free φ919TP phage particles. However, the interactions between prophage φ919TP, the induced phage particle, and its host remain unknown. In particular, phage resistance mechanisms and potential fitness trade-offs, resulting from phage resistance, are unresolved.

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phages Targeting Pathogenic .

is a dominant cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infections, specifically among immunocompromised individuals. The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates has significantly impacted the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. As antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, the use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections has recently gained attention.

Pre-optimized phage therapy on secondary infection in four critical COVID-19 patients.

Phage therapy is recognized as a promising alternative to antibiotics in treating pulmonary bacterial infections, however, its use has not been reported for treating secondary bacterial infections during virus pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 4 patients hospitalized with critical COVID-19 and pulmonary carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) infections to compassionate phage therapy (at 2 successive doses of 10 plaque-forming unit phages). All patients in our COVID-19-specific intensive care unit (ICU) with CRAB positive in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum samples were eligible for study inclusion if antibiotic treatment failed to eradicate their CRAB infections.

Heterogeneous Co-infections Complicate Personalized Bacteriophage Therapy.

Unlabelled: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have increased worldwide, posing a major challenge for the clinical management of infection. Bacteriophage is expected as potential effective therapeutic agents for difficult-to-treat infections. When performing bacteriophage therapy, the susceptibility of lytic bacteriophage to the target bacteria is selected by laboratory isolate from patients.

Beyond Cholera: Characterization of -Encoding Filamentous Phages in the Marine Fish Pathogen .

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is a conserved protein in filamentous vibriophages and has been reported as a putative toxin in . Recently, widespread distribution of encoding prophages was found among marine species, including environmental isolates. However, little is known about the dynamics of these prophages beyond .

The characteristics and genome analysis of vB_ApiP_XC38, a novel phage infecting Acinetobacter pittii.

Acinetobacter pittii is an important pathogen causing nosocomial infection worldwide. In this study, a multidrug-resistant A. pittii ABC38 was used as host bacterium to isolate the lytic phage vB_ApiP_XC38.

High cell densities favor lysogeny: induction of an H20 prophage is repressed by quorum sensing and enhances biofilm formation in Vibrio anguillarum.

Temperate ϕH20-like phages are repeatedly identified at geographically distinct areas as free phage particles or as prophages of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. We studied mutants of a lysogenic isolate of V. anguillarum locked in the quorum-sensing regulatory modes of low (ΔvanT) and high (ΔvanO) cell densities by in-frame deletion of key regulators of the quorum-sensing pathway.

Non-active antibiotic and bacteriophage synergism to successfully treat recurrent urinary tract infection caused by extensively drug-resistant .

We report a case of a 63-year-old female patient who developed a recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) with extensively drug-resistant (ERKp). In the initial two rounds of phage therapy, phage resistant mutants developed within days. Although ERKp strains were completely resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, the combination of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with the phage cocktail inhibited the emergence of phage resistant mutant , and the UTI of patient was successfully cured by this combination.

A Frameshift Mutation in Associated with Phage Resistance in .

Phage therapy is a potential and promising avenue for controlling the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) , however, the rapid development of anti-phage resistance has been identified as an obstacle to the development of phage therapy. Little is known about the mechanism employed by MDR strains and how they protect themselves from lytic phage predation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, comparative genomic analysis shows undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate transferase (WcaJ), the initial enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of colanic acid, is necessary for the adsorption of phage 117 () to the host strain Kp36 to complete its lytic life cycle.

Characterization of ST11 Isolates and Their Interactions with Lytic Phages.

The bacterial pathogen causes urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients. Generally, the overuse of antibiotics contributes to the potential development and the spread of antibiotic resistance. In fact, certain strains of are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, making infection by these strains more difficult to treat.

Efficacy of a phage cocktail in controlling phage resistance development in multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

The control and treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens infections has become a grand challenge for clinicians worldwide. Virulent phage has long been considered as an effective bactericidal agent, which may be a potentially alternative to antibiotics. However, the rapid development of phage resistance seriously hinders the wide and continuous application of virulent phages.

Complete genome analysis of the novel Enterococcus faecalis phage vB_EfaS_AL3.

This work describes the characterization and genome annotation of a new lytic Enterococcus faecalis siphovirus, vB_EfaS_AL3 (referred to as AL3), isolated from wastewater samples collected in Liaoning Province, China. The genome of phage AL3 is composed of linear double-stranded DNA that is 40,789 bp in length with a G + C content of 34.84% and 61 putative protein-coding genes.

Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage and its potential to disrupt multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

A lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage, vB_PaeM_LS1, was isolated and characterized herein. To examine the eligibility of bacteriophage vB_PaeM_LS1 as a therapeutic bacteriophage, we analysed its genome and compared it to similar bacteriophages. Genome of bacteriophage vB_PaeM_LS1 consisted of a linear, double-stranded DNA molecule 66,095 bp in length and with 55.

Phage defense mechanisms and their genomic and phenotypic implications in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum.

Vibrio anguillarum is a marine bacterium that can cause vibriosis in many fish and shellfish species. Although phage therapy has been proposed as an alternative treatment, the defense mechanisms against phage infection in V. anguillarum and their impact on host function are not fully understood.