Mechanism and Regulation of Tea Saponin Extraction from Seed Meal in Subcritical Water.

Tea saponins are excellent natural surfactants, and previous studies on their extraction from seed meals in subcritical water have mainly focused on the optimization of external extraction conditions. In order to achieve the efficient extraction of tea saponins in subcritical water, this study explores the influence of the composition-internal factors on the extraction rate of tea saponins. In this study, the composition of three seed meals purchased from Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou province and extraction rates of tea saponins, dissolution rates of reducing sugars and proteins from these seed meals were compared, and the results showed that reducing sugars and proteins were intrinsic components affecting extraction rates of tea saponins in subcritical water.

One-Step Labeling Based on Eu-MOFs to Develop Fluorescence Side-Flow Immunoassay for AFB1 Detection in Corn.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a promising tool for rapid detection in the field of agricultural product analysis due to its advantages of cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity. In this work, Eu metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were introduced to LFIA as a rapid detection method characterized by high stability and low interference. Key research objectives included strong fluorescence, ease of labeling, and the utilization of fluorescent probes.

Surface engineering of 3D covalent organic frameworks via crystalline modulation for enhanced profiling of polychlorinated biphenyls.

Surface engineering of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represents a highly promising strategy for achieving superior capture capacity towards environmental trace pollutants. Herein, the three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D-COFs) with tunable crystallinity were synthesized and optimized via a simple solvent ratio adjustment, demonstrating an exceptional capture capacity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). By adjusting the ratio of solvents (1,4-dioxane and toluene), a functional 3D COF (dia-c5 TPA-TAM-COF) was discovered, providing an ideal approach to transform an amorphous compound into a functional platform with a significant increase in crystallinity, surface area and pore volume for PCBs capture.

Calcium and Boron Foliar Fertilizer to Relieve Cracking of 'Liuyuezao' Pummelos.

'Liuyuezao' pummelo is highly prone to cracking, which seriously affects its quality. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of foliar sprays of calcium (Ca) and boron (B) and their combined treatments on the fruit cracking and quality of 'Liuyuezao' pummelos during the fruit expansion period (40-55 days after flowering). Analysis of 12 mineral elements of the pericarp by ICP-MS revealed that the three treatments significantly increased the content of calcium and boron in the corresponding pericarp.

Synergistic effects of combined lead and iprodione exposure on P53 signaling-mediated hepatotoxicity, enterotoxicity and transgenerational toxicity in zebrafish.

Environmental heavy metal contamination, combined with inappropriate use of fungicides, has led to the co-existence of lead (Pb) and iprodione (IPR), presenting signification risks to ecosystems and human health. The toxic effects resulting from concurrent exposure to Pb and IPR, however, remain poorly understood. In the study, we conducted a comprehensive 60-day subchronic study to investigate the toxic effects on the liver and gut in parental male zebrafish through employing multi-omics analyses.

Differentiating Pond-Intensive, Paddy-Ecologically, and Free-Range Cultured Crayfish () Using Stable Isotope and Multi-Element Analysis Coupled with Chemometrics.

The farming pattern of crayfish significantly impacts their quality, safety, and nutrition. Typically, green and ecologically friendly products command higher economic value and market competitiveness. Consequently, intensive farming methods are frequently employed in an attempt to replace these environmentally friendly products, leading to potential instances of commercial fraud.

One-Pot Preparation of Mixed-Mode Reversed-Phase Anion-Exchange Silica Sorbent and its Application in the Detection of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Feeds and Agricultural Products.

A novel co-bonded octyl and pyridine silica (OPS) sorbent was prepared and applied for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a type of mycotoxin) in feed and agricultural products for the first time. A simple mixed-ligand one-pot reaction strategy was employed for OPS sorbent preparation. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, elemental analysis (EI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the successful immobilization of octyl and quaternary ammonium groups onto the surface of silica gel.

Dual-ligand lanthanide metal-organic framework based ratiometric fluorescent platform for visual monitoring of aminoglycoside residues in food samples.

Herein, a dual-emission Eu metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) is prepared and used as the ratiometric fluorescence probe for ultrasensitive detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs). Due to the strong hydrogen bond interactions between AGs and Eu-MOF, the blue emission is enhanced while the red emission has little fluctuation in Eu-MOF with the addition of AGs, thus a good linear relationship with the logarithm of AGs concentrations from 0.001 to 100 μg/mL can be established for quantitative analysis.

[Progress in the application of novel nano-materials to the safety analysis of agricultural products].

The quality and safety of agricultural products are strongly related to human livelihood. Thus, the government and consumers have recently paid increased attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products. The development of efficient, rapid, and sensitive analytical methods for detecting pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and environmental pollutants in agricultural products is of great significance.

Atomic insights into the mechanisms of Al or Cr affecting ferrihydrite nucleation.

Various exotic metal cations commonly coexist with ferrihydrite nanoparticles in natural environments. Lack of knowledge about the metal cations effects on ferrihydrite nucleation and growth greatly blights the deep understanding of ferrihydrite mineralogical properties and reactivities, and thus the fates of associated nutrients, heavy metals/metalloids, and organic pollutants. Here, the nucleation processes and mechanisms of ferrihydrite nanoparticles in the presence of Al or Cr were studied by combining visible spectroscopy, quick X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.

Discriminating geographical origins and determining active substances of water caltrop shells through near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric methods were used to discriminate the geographical origins of the water caltrop shells from different regions of China. Two active substances, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the water caltrop shells were determined through the technique as well. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was adopted to build the geographical discriminant model.

Facile fabrication of naphthalene-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for efficient extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water and fish samples.

In this study, naphthalene-modified magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@Nap) were simply prepared based on specific chelation interaction between phosphate groups and metal ions on FeO surface. The resultant FeO@Nap were characterized by FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, NAM, TGA, and VSM techniques. With FeO@Nap as adsorbent, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were efficiently extracted by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) from environmental water and fish samples through the π-π interaction between modified naphthalene groups and PAHs, followed by their determination by GC-MS/MS.

Carbonized loofah sponge-based solid-phase extraction of benzo[]pyrene from fish followed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.

A simple and sensitive method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed for the determination of benzo[]pyrene (BaP) in fish. Loofah sponge (LS) was carbonized and used as an SPE adsorbent. Carbonization decreased the polarity of LS and enhanced its aromaticity.

Effects and mechanisms of Al substitution on the catalytic ability of ferrihydrite for Mn(II) oxidation and the subsequent oxidation and immobilization of coexisting Cr(III).

Al(III)-substituted ferrihydrite existing in natural soils is more common than pure ferrihydrite; however, the effects of Al(III) incorporation on the interaction between ferrihydrite, Mn(II) catalytic oxidation, and coexisting transition metal (e.g., Cr(III)) oxidation remain elusive.

Facile synthesis of non-modified yellow emission silicon quantum dots and their visualization of hydrogen sulfide in living cells and onion tissues.

Yellow fluorescent silicon quantum dots (y-SiQDs) with 22.2% fluorescence quantum yield were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using 3-glycidoxypropyl triethoxysilane (GOTS) and m-aminophenol. The excitation wavelength is 550 nm with an emission wavelength of 574 nm, which effectively avoids the interference of biological autofluorescence.

RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Combined with Rolling Circle Amplification-Enriched DNAzyme: A Homogeneous Photothermal Sensing Strategy for Plant Pathogens.

is an endemic fungus associated with brown spot disease, which is one of the most serious citrus diseases. In addition, the mycotoxins metabolized by threaten human health seriously. Herein, a novel homogeneous and portable qualitative photothermal method based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), CRISPR/Cas12a, and rolling circle amplification (RCA) for the detection of is described.

Production regions discrimination of Huangguanyin oolong tea by using the content of chemical components and rare earth elements.

Oolong tea is one of the most popular tea beverages in China. Tea cultivars, processing technology and origin of production affect the quality and price of oolong teas. To investigate the differences in Huangguanyin oolong tea from different production regions, the chemical components, mineral elements and rare earth elements of Huangguanyin oolong tea produced in Yunxiao (YX) and Wuyishan (WY) were analyzed by using spectrophotometry methods, targeted metabolomics and inductive plasma coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Odorant-binding Protein 10 From Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) Binds Volatile Host Plant Compounds.

Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) is a major insect pest of seven plant families including 30 commercial crops in Asia. The long-term use of chemical pesticides leads to problems such as insect resistance, environmental issues, and food contamination. Against this background, a novel pest control method should be developed.

Highly Efficient Biotransformation and Production of Selenium Nanoparticles and Polysaccharides Using Potential Probiotic Bacillus subtilis T5.

Selenium is an essential microelement required for human health. The biotransformation of selenium nanoparticles has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, little of the literature has investigated the comprehensive evaluation of the strains for practical application and the effect on the functional properties in the existence of Se.

Magnetic covalent organic framework for the adsorption of silver nanoparticles and recycled as surface-enhanced Raman substrate and high-efficiency catalysts for 4-nitrophenol degradation.

A magnetic covalent organic framework FeO@BM was prepared with melamine and 4-4'-biphenyldialdehyde as monomers and used as adsorbent for Ag NP removal. FeO@BM was characterized by zeta potential analysis, transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle, and N adsorption-desorption. FeO@BM possessed plentiful amino groups, positive potential, and rapid separation performance, making it a promising adsorbent for silver nanoparticles.

The GZnC1 variant from common wild rice influences grain Zn content.

Zinc (Zn) deficiency, caused by inadequate Zn intake in the human diet, has serious health implications. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food in regions with a high incidence of Zn deficiency, so raising Zn levels in rice grain could help alleviate Zn deficiency. The wild relatives of cultivated rice vary widely in grain Zn content and thus are suitable resources for improving this trait.

Lanthanum ions assisted non-enzymatic ratiometric fluorescence probe for monitoring fenthion residues in agro-product samples.

In this work, a La assisted glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters and carbon dots (GSH-Au NCs/CDs) nanoplatform for sensitive detection of fenthion (FEN) is fabricated. The fluorescence response of GSH-Au NCs significantly increases due to aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect induced by La, which is further enhanced with adding FEN due to the coordination between La and FEN. Taking the fluorescence intensity of CDs as the signal background, the ratiometric fluorescence of GSH-Au NCs and CDs has a good linear relationship with the FEN concentration from 0.

Convolutional neural network-based portable computer vision system for freshness assessment of crayfish (Prokaryophyllus clarkii).

Developing novel techniques for freshness assessment are of the utmost importance in yield and trade of aquatic products. The crayfish (Prokaryophyllus clarkii) is one of the most popular freshwater products in China, and its food safety should be a serious concern. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based portable computer vision system for freshness assessment of crayfish method was proposed.