A transparent hybrid metal halide glassy scintillation screen for high-resolution fast neutron radiography.

Fast neutron radiography offers exceptional penetration for high-density and bulky objects, yet its resolution is hindered by light scattering in conventional scintillators and screen fabrication techniques. To address this, here, we develop a transparent glassy Mn-based hybrid metal halide scintillation screen, (BTPP)(HTPP)MnBr (BTPP = butyltriphenylphosphonium, HTPP = heptyltriphenylphosphonium), leveraging temperature-dependent ordered-disordered transitions. The large-area screen boasts >70% visible light transmittance (500-800 nm), a high photoluminescence quantum yield (~85.

Building construction crack detection with BCCD YOLO enhanced feature fusion and attention mechanisms.

An effective algorithm for detecting cracks in bare concrete structures in building construction, capable of identifying small targets, is essential for safeguarding buildings. Unfortunately, detecting and precisely locating cracks in buildings is challenging due to variations in crack size, material texture, and inconsistent data quality. This study proposes a YOLO-based model for bare concrete crack detection, designated as BCCD-YOLO.

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis Strategies, Functional Roles, and Clinical Translation for Tumor Treatment.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective approach for inducing tumor cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by light-activated photosensitizers (PSs). Despite its selectivity in tumor treatment, PDT still faces significant challenges in targeting deep-seated tumors due to limitations in tissue penetration and precise localization. Graphene-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and graphene nanosheets (GNS), offer innovative solutions by enhancing light penetration, boosting PS activity, and improving tumor-targeting precision.

Research on the design and performance of drill pipe joints based on fracture mechanics methods.

In actual drilling operations, fatigue failure of drill pipe joints primarily occurs at the threaded connections, significantly increasing drilling costs. Given the severe vibrations and abnormal wear experienced by drill pipes under complex working conditions, a three-dimensional finite element model of drill pipe joints was developed. This model is based on fracture mechanics theory, the principle of virtual work, the Von Mises yield criterion, and contact nonlinear theory, while also incorporating the influence of thread taper angles.

A novel edge crop method and enhanced YOLOv5 for efficient wind turbine blade damage detection.

Accurately and rapidly detecting damage to wind turbine blades is critical for ensuring the safe operation of wind turbines. Current deep learning-based detection methods predominantly employ the gathered blade images directly for damage detection. However, due to the slender geometry of wind turbine blades, non-blade background information accounts for a considerable proportion of the captured images with complex background features, affecting the detection of blade damage.

In Situ Formation of Mechanically Interlocked Heterointerfaces with Ultrahigh Bonding Strength for Mg-Based Multilayered Sheets.

Tailoring heterointerfaces is crucial for developing novel laminated metal composites (LMCs) with synergistic multifunctional structural properties. This study pioneers a novel approach to fabricating Mg-Ta incompatible LMCs via crystal orientation regulation, achieving in situ formed serrated mechanically interlocked interfaces with exceptional bonding strength (80.5 MPa) through hot-rolling.

Analysis of Regional Differences in Asphalt Binder Under All-Weather Aging Based on Rheological and Chemical Properties.

Asphalt binder aging under natural exposure critically determines pavement durability, though current research inadequately captured performance evolution across diverse regional climates. This study investigated climate-driven degradation mechanisms through 12-month all-weather aging (AWA) tests in Gansu, Shandong, and Beijing via rheological ( parameter, stiffness modulus -value) and chemical analyses (carbonyl index , sulfoxide index ). The results demonstrated significant region-dependent aging disparities beyond laboratory simulation.

Aging Population and Lacking Sanitation Governance: Global Challenges in Alleviating Deaths from Unsafe Rural Sanitation.

With the rapid pace of global urbanization, health risks faced by rural communities are often overlooked. Deaths Attributable to Unsafe Sanitation in Rural areas (DAUSRs) are influenced by demographic factors, disease mortality rates, and environmental sanitation conditions. However, most studies have been limited in scope and scale and lack a comprehensive evaluation framework for global DAUSRs.

The Effects of the Substrate Length and Cultivation Time on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mycelium-Based Cushioning Materials from and Peanut Straw.

Mycelium-based biocomposites represent a novel class of environmentally friendly materials. This study investigated the potential of using and peanut straw as substrates for cultivating and , respectively, to fabricate mycelium-based cushioning materials. The results demonstrated that the -based cushion material using (POSM) outperformed the -based cushion material using peanut straw (GLPM) in terms of overall performance.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Rural Sewage Treatment in China.

Sewage treatment processes are considered an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly NO and CH. In rural sewage treatment processes, GHG emissions are often neglected owing to the small scale of treatment and dispersed distribution. In this study, the non-CO GHG emission quantity, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, and influences factors were analyzed based on rural sewage from 2015 to 2020.

Preparation of novel multifunctional magnetic biochar integrating adsorption and degradation and application in printing and dyeing wastewater.

This study focuses on solving the urgent problem of water environment pollution caused by the discharge of organic dyes in high-concentration textile wastewater. A multifunctional magnetic biochar (MMBC-400) with adsorption and degradation functions was prepared by pyrolysis of corn cob and red mud demonstrating efficient handling of Malachite Green (MG). Compared with traditional adsorbents, MMBC-400 combines adsorption and catalytic degradation functions.

Roadbed tribological energy harvester.

Roadbed tribological energy (RTE) is a promising recoverable resource with an estimated potential on the terawatt scale, generated annually by the interaction between tires and road surfaces. However, RTE remains underutilized due to the lack of effective energy harvesting technologies that can address its high-entropy characteristics. Here, we present a revolutionary harvester formed by a freestanding layer triboelectric nanogenerator array embedded in the road.

Experimental Research on the Treatment of Saline-Alkali Diseases of Murals in Arzhai Grottoes With Salt-Tolerant Mineralizing Bacteria.

The degradation of cave murals due to saline-alkali conditions still poses a formidable challenge in the realm of cultural heritage conservation. This research proposes a novel methodology grounded in microbial mineralization technology. By leveraging Bacillus oceanicus, a newly isolated strain, calcium carbonate precipitation is induced under saline-alkali conditions, forming a protective layer.

Transition metal tailored δ-MnO with optimized charge compensation for enhanced hydrogen evolution.

Layered manganese dioxide (δ-MnO) exhibits potential in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its multivalent redox properties and high specific surface area. However, its poor intrinsic conductivity and insufficient active sites limit the electron transfer efficiency and adsorption/desorption of *H intermediates. Herein, we constructed an X-MO/NF (X = Ni, Cu, Zn) electrocatalytic system by growth of δ-MnO on the surface of nickel foam (NF) a one-step hydrothermal method and introduction of transition metal atoms.

Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Exhumation History and Evolution of Paleotopography in the Gaize Basin, Central Tibet.

A series of terrestrial sedimentary basins along the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ) record a wealth of information regarding the uplift and geomorphological evolution of the central Tibetan Plateau. The uplift, exhumation, and sedimentation processes in these basins and the surrounding orogenic belts are of significant scientific importance for understanding the tectonic evolution of the central Tibetan Plateau. Taking the Gaize Basin as the research focus, low-temperature thermochronology and thermal history modeling were conducted on sandstone samples to analyze their exhumation history and driving mechanisms during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene.

Dynamic Mechanical Characterization of Warm-Mixed Steel Slag-Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixture in Wide- and Narrow-Frequency Domains.

To investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of warm-mix steel slag-crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures across wide- and narrow-frequency domains and evaluate the applicability of warm-mix technology, four distinct mixtures were prepared. The dynamic modulus characteristics under measured temperatures and frequencies were initially analyzed through complex modulus testing to elucidate narrow-frequency-domain mechanical behavior. Subsequently, leveraging the linear viscoelastic (LVE) theory and time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP), both the 2 Springs, 2 Parabolic Elements and 1 Dashpot (2S2P1D) mechanical element model and Modified Havriliak-Negami (MHN) mathematical model were established based on experimental data to characterize wide-frequency-domain dynamic responses.

Effect of the Rare Earth Element Cerium on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel for an Offshore Platform in a Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment.

This study investigated the corrosion behavior and mechanism of offshore platform steel in a simulated marine atmospheric environment using electrochemical analysis, phase analysis, and rust layer characterization. The findings demonstrate that the addition of trace amounts of the rare earth element Ce significantly enhances the steel's corrosion resistance in the marine environment and effectively reduces the corrosion rate. The addition of Ce promotes the enrichment of Cr in the inner rust layer and forms a dense protective rust layer, thereby preventing the rust layer from falling off, as well as hindering the penetration of oxygen ions.

Microbial damage and mutagenesis in cellulase-producing Aspergillus niger A32 induced by direct cold atmospheric plasma exposure.

In this study, we examined the effects of direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) exposure on microbial damage and mutagenesis in Aspergillus niger A32 for food industry applications. CAP generated at 15, 20 and 25 kV discharge voltages was selected for treating A. niger; the results showed that 75 % lethality and the highest positive mutation rate were obtained at 20 kV discharge voltage.

Achieving stable zinc metal anode through interfacial regulation enabled by shikimic acid additive.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have been widely studied due to their advantages of high energy density, safety and economy. However, the growth of dendrites and spontaneous side reactions on the Zn anode limit the practical application of AZIBs. Here, low-cost shikimic acid (SA) is used as an electrolyte additive to adjust the Zn deposition process.

Construction of Highly Active Coral-Like Co/Ni-BTC Catalyst and Its Application in CO-to-CO Conversion.

The photocatalytic reduction of CO using solar energy presents an effective strategy for CO mitigation and utilization. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their exceptional CO adsorption capacities and unique structural features, are emerging as novel photoactive materials for CO reduction. In this study, rod-like, reticular, and ball-like Ni-BTC were synthesized using Ni⁺ ions and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H₃BTC).

Harnessing RGDS peptides to regulate bacterial-host interfaces for targeted antimicrobial therapy.

Refractory infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, particularly multidrug-resistant bacteria, pose a significant threat to global human health. Emerging host-directed antimicrobial strategies have the potential to prolong the effectiveness of existing treatments or eliminate the development of antibiotic resistance, representing a promising avenue for addressing infections caused by resistant bacteria. Here, we propose a mechanobiology-based host-directed antimicrobial strategy that utilizes an inhibitory fibronectin (Fn) peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), to regulate bacterial-host interfacial adhesion forces and thereby effectively combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Superhydrophilic Multichannel TiO Fibers for Simultaneous Enrichment of O-GalNAc Glycopeptides and Phosphopeptides.

Protein O-glycosylation and phosphorylation, both of which occur on serine and threonine residues of the protein, regulate critical biological functions in a crosstalk manner. However, due to the microheterogeneity, low abundance, and tedious enrichment processes of O-GalNAc glycopeptides, current research on their crosstalk is severely hindered. Here, we synthesized multichannel TiO fibers with superhydrophilicity and consecutive inner channels by electrospinning, enabling simultaneous and efficient enrichment of O-GalNAc glycopeptides and phosphopeptides.

Electroencephalography microstates predict 12-h abstinence-induced craving changes in young smokers.

Nicotine abstinence inhibits the function of the mesolimbic dopamine system to enhance craving. EEG microstates may provide spatiotemporal characteristics of global brain neuronal activity. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and spatial topography of microstates in young smokers after abstinence.

Study on oscillation effect of wind power pile foundation on local scour.

The pile-oscillation effect on foundation local scour cannot be neglected in the large-scale offshore wind turbine. To reveal the fluid dynamics and its influence on the bed shear stress of an oscillating pile foundation, the VOF two-phase flow model is used to study the effect of the transverse and vertical oscillation of pile foundations employed in offshore wind turbines. The changes in the flow field, horseshoe vortices, and bed shear stress are analyzed under different oscillation frequencies and amplitudes are monitored by two symmetry planes ahead of the pile and at pile side respectively.

LSCD-Pose: A Feature Point Detection Model for Collaborative Perception in Airports.

Ensuring safety on busy airport aprons remains challenging, particularly in preventing aircraft wingtip collisions. In this study, first, a simplified coordinate mapping method converts pixel detections into accurate spatial coordinates, improving aircraft position and velocity estimates. Next, an innovative dynamic warning area with a classification mechanism is introduced to enable faster responses from airport staff.