Targeting FSP1 to induce ferroptosis in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

There are no proven therapies for metastatic or unresectable Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (ChRCC). ChRCC is characterized by high glutathione levels and hypersensitivity to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The underlying mechanisms leading to ferroptosis hypersensitivity are unknown.

Childhood neglect and adult mental disorders: A sibling-comparison study.

Background: Globally, childhood neglect remains common in both developed and developing settings. However, there is a lack of robust evidence regarding the association between childhood neglect and adult mental disorders.

Methods: Using a sibling-comparison study nested within the FAMILY Cohort, we assessed the role of childhood neglect and abuse in adult mental disorders, taking into account known and unknown familial confounders shared by siblings.

CFD Evaluation of Far-UVCand Air Cleaning Technologies in Classrooms without Mechanical Ventilation.

Far-UVC systems and air cleaners are effective strategies for controlling airborne pathogen transmission, particularly in densely occupied spaces with insufficient ventilation, such as school classrooms. This study evaluates the disinfection performance and ozone (O) formation of different far-UVC systems and air cleaners in a standard-sized classroom using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results show that ceiling-mounted far-UVC systems reduce airborne pathogen exposure by up to 30 % more than upper-room and wall-mounted configurations, based on intake fractions and room-average concentrations.

Protocol for using treeLFA to infer multimorbidity patterns in the form of disease topics from diagnosis data in biobanks.

Research on multimorbidity patterns promotes our understanding of the common pathological mechanisms that underlie co-occurring diseases. Here, we present a protocol to infer multimorbidity clusters in the form of disease topics from large-scale diagnosis data using treeLFA, a topic model based on the Bayesian binary non-negative matrix factorization. We describe steps for installing software, preparing input data, and training the model.

Relationship Between State Policies Targeting Unethical Treatment Practices and Opioid-Related Outcomes: An Event Study Analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the effect of the passage of state laws targeting patient brokering on opioid-related outcomes.

Background: In response to growing awareness of unethical substance use disorder (SUD) treatment practices, several states in the United States have passed laws targeting patient brokering and deceptive marketing. Patient brokering and deceptive marketing laws are intended to reduce the chances individuals with SUD interact with bad actors or suffer from adverse outcomes related to inappropriate SUD treatment, but the effectiveness of these laws is unknown.

Political determinants of US states' screening-amenable cancer stage at diagnosis and premature cancer mortality.

Background: Political determinants of cancer risk are largely unexplored, conceptually and empirically.

Methods: Observational analysis of associations present in 2017-2021 between 5 state-level political metrics and 4 age-standardized cancer outcomes (regional and distant stage at diagnosis for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer among screening-age adults and premature cancer mortality), overall and in standardized linear regression models adjusting for state-level poverty and medical uninsurance.

Results: In fully adjusted models (adjusted for state-level poverty and state-level medical uninsurance variables: % working age adults [age 35-64] without medical insurance; number of years of state Medicaid expansion), each 1 SD shift toward a more liberal political ideology (measured by voting record) among elected officials in the US House of Representatives was associated with decreased risk of diagnosis with regional and distant breast and colorectal cancer (respectively: -0.

A semi-empirical Bayes approach for calibrating weak instrumental bias in sex-specific Mendelian randomization studies.

Strong sex differences exist in sleep phenotypes and also cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, sex-specific causal effects of sleep phenotypes on CVD-related outcomes have not been thoroughly examined. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is a useful approach for estimating the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome of interest when interventional studies are not available.

Medical gender affirmation appears protective against problematic substance use among transgender women and transfeminine adults: Findings from The LITE Study.

Objective: To estimate the association between medical and legal gender affirmation with problematic substance use among transfeminine adults.

Methods: Data from a longitudinal cohort (The LITE Study) were analyzed (n = 1186). Participants were enrolled between March 2018 and August 2020 and followed for 2 years.

Medicaid prescription cap policies and acute care use and mortality among enrollees with opioid use disorder.

Background: Twelve state Medicaid programs limit the monthly number of covered prescriptions. Such cap policies may force enrollees to forego essential medications with important health consequences. We aimed to determine the impact of cap policies on acute care use and all-cause mortality among enrollees with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Cumulative burden of estimated glomerular filtration rate and the risk of intracranial atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke. The longitudinal associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with ICAS are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of cumulative eGFR burden with incident ICAS.

Genetically determined body mass index is associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in polygenic and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Obesity has been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the evidence is inconclusive. We examined the association between genetically determined adiposity and four common NHL subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and marginal zone lymphoma, using eight genome-wide association studies of European ancestry (N = 10,629 cases, 9505 controls) and constructing polygenic scores for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI). Higher genetically determined BMI was associated with an increased risk of DLBCL [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) = 1.

Prospective study of circulating metabolomic profiles and breast cancer incidence among predominantly premenopausal women.

Background: Associations between premenopausal plasma metabolites and breast cancer incidence are largely unknown.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, matched case-control study in which we measured pre-diagnostic metabolomic profiles among predominantly premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 2010). Lipids, carbohydrates, and organic acid-related metabolites (n = 218) were profiled via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Crowdfunding for stroke: a national analysis.

Background: Stroke imposes an enormous economic burden on patients and caregivers. Online crowdfunding is widely used to address healthcare costs, reflecting social safety net gaps, yet it has not been studied for stroke. We performed the first national analysis of stroke-related crowdfunding, evaluating fund totals, success rates, geography, and stroke etiology.

Perspective: Food is Medicine: Hype or Hope?

Food is Medicine (FIM) initiatives are food-based nutrition interventions to prevent or manage chronic disease and improve overall health. It is increasingly embraced across healthcare systems, policy makers, and researchers as a promising strategy to address diet-related chronic diseases. Despite this enthusiasm, questions have been raised about whether FIM is overhyped given the still limited evidence.

Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Additional Cardiovascular Outcomes in the PREDIMED Trial: An Outcome-Wide Perspective.

Background And Aims: Olive oil, increasingly consumed in the U.S., has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Public and philanthropic research funding, publications, and research networks for cancer in the Commonwealth and globally between 2016 and 2023: a comparative analysis.

This Review presents a comprehensive analysis of the amounts and distribution of public and philanthropic global cancer research funding between 2016 and 2023, including patterns of international collaboration and downstream research output, with an emphasis on the Commonwealth. We show that annual investment decreased globally each year, apart from a rise in 2021. Network analysis revealed that grant and publication collaborations between the Commonwealth, the USA, and the EU are facilitated by linkages through a core group of Commonwealth countries, including the UK, Australia, and Canada.

Immunoprofiling at an Institutional Scale Reveals That High Numbers of Intratumoral CD8 and PD-1 Cells Predict Superior Patient Survival Across Major Cancer Types Independent of Major Risk Factors.

Purpose: Retrospective studies have found associations between the number of intratumoral immune cells and patient outcomes for specific cancers treated with targeted therapies. However, the clinical value of routinely quantifying intratumoral immune biomarkers using a digital pathology platform in the pan-cancer setting within an active clinical laboratory has not been established.

Methods: We developed ImmunoProfile, a daily clinical workflow that integrates automated multiplex immunofluorescence tissue staining, digital slide imaging, and machine learning-assisted scoring to quantify intratumoral CD8, PD-1, CD8PD-1, and FOXP3 immune cells and PD-L1 expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples in a standardized and reproducible manner.

Lewy body dementia promotion by air pollutants.

Evidence links air pollution to dementia, yet its role in Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains unclear. In this work, we showed in a cohort of 56.5 million individuals across the United States that fine particulate matter (PM) exposure raises LBD risk.

Patient-Centered Measures of Goal Concordance in Geriatrics and Palliative Care: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Goal concordance underpins high-quality care for patients with serious illness and older adults with multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes; however, a criterion standard for measurement is lacking.

Objective: To identify and describe patient- and caregiver-reported measures of goal concordance for patients with serious illness, geriatric syndromes, and multimorbidity to create a conceptual model of goal-concordance measurement.

Evidence Review: This scoping review included an electronic search across MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, the CINAHL, and PsycINFO through September 2024.

Pre-surgery gut microbial diversity and abundance are associated with post-surgery onset of cachexia in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare Study.

Background: Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer-related deaths and it is indicative of poor prognosis and progressive functional impairment. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of cachexia in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been established.

Methods: Pre-surgical stool samples from n = 103 stage I-III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) to characterize fecal bacteria.

Correction: Thu et al. Effect of Probiotics in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2023, , 280.

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