Patient-Centered Measures of Goal Concordance in Geriatrics and Palliative Care: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Goal concordance underpins high-quality care for patients with serious illness and older adults with multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes; however, a criterion standard for measurement is lacking.

Objective: To identify and describe patient- and caregiver-reported measures of goal concordance for patients with serious illness, geriatric syndromes, and multimorbidity to create a conceptual model of goal-concordance measurement.

Evidence Review: This scoping review included an electronic search across MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, the CINAHL, and PsycINFO through September 2024.

Sensitive periods to social adversity in immune and metabolic development: A systematic review.

Childhood exposure to social adversity - including experiences such as poverty, discrimination, violence, family separation, household dysfunction, and maltreatment - is associated with cardiometabolic health problems across the life course. A key question in the field is whether the timing of social adversity matters. To better understand the developmental origins of cardiometabolic disease and the emergence of health disparities, we conducted a systematic review of human observational studies to synthesize the evidence for sensitive periods to social adversity in immune and metabolic development.

Impact of age and treatment-related adverse events on financial toxicity among patients with breast cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Increasing incidence of breast cancer among young adults (YA), defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) as age < 40 years, has amplified concerns over financial toxicity (FT) in this demographic. This systematic review sought to clarify the association between YA status and FT.

Methods: We queried bibliographic databases for full-text English language publications between 2010 and 2024 reporting FT using validated patient-reported outcome metrics among patients with stage I-III breast cancer.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for antiretroviral therapy adherence and treatment outcomes among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cognitive behavioral therapy has emerged as a promising intervention to enhance antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV viral load, viral suppression and CD4 counts. A total of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1,739 people living with HIV were included, with most of the studies categorized as having low risk of bias.

Outpatient Versus Inpatient Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Advances in surgical care have allowed the implementation of outpatient protocols across many traditionally inpatient procedures, including adrenal surgery. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the safety of outpatient minimally invasive adrenalectomy. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outpatient to inpatient minimally invasive adrenalectomy.

Positive and Negative Family Relationships Correlate With Mental Health Conditions -a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: We aim to investigate the association between family relationships and mental health conditions in adults aged 18+.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review on associations of family relationships and mental health conditions by searching in databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and PTSDPubs. We calculated the Pearson correlation coefficients and I2 statistics using a random-effects model.

Measuring Substance Use in Refugees: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments.

Background: Despite increasing research on substance use among migrants and refugees, little attention has been paid to the instruments assessing substance use in these populations. This systematic review examines the suitability of substance use instruments for use in migrant and refugee populations and the quality of the instruments.

Methods: A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and EMBASE was performed.

Concordance of Patients and Surrogates Regarding Life-Sustaining Therapies in the Context of Surgery: A Scoping Review.

The purpose of this study is to establish the scope of literature surrounding the concordance between patients and surrogates when making decisions about life-sustaining therapies in the perioperative setting. This review will lay the foundation for future studies and interventions optimizing perioperative concordance. To understand the performance of surrogates in the context of surgery and the potential for further studies and interventions, we performed a scoping review, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, of MEDLINE (Ovid SP), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO) for studies published before May 5, 2023.

Are physicians prepared to care for older adults? A scoping review of validated geriatrics knowledge assessment tools in US-based medical education curricula.

Background: To determine the preparedness of medical trainees to care for older adults, appropriate assessment tools are needed. There are few validated published tools that measure Geriatrics knowledge with a high degree of reliability, and it is unclear how often they are applied to measure learning outcomes among medical trainees.

Objective: We conducted a scoping review of validated Geriatrics knowledge assessment tools for physicians that are available to assess learners' knowledge of Geriatrics, with a particular interest in tool alignment with the Age-Friendly Health Systems Initiative and the Geriatrics 5 Ms framework (Mobility, Mind, Medications, Multicomplexity, Matters Most), which frame the medical student Geriatrics competencies.

Harm reduction interventions for AYA who use opioids: A scoping review.

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are highly vulnerable to substance use and substance use-related harms. Existing harm reduction programs do not optimally serve AYA, and there is minimal data regarding harm reduction interventions specific to AYA.

Methods: We conducted a preliminary search in MEDLINE (Ovid) to identify names used to describe harm reduction interventions to include in the final search.

Human rights violations are associated with forcibly displaced population's mental health-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Little is known about the mental health consequences of human rights violations in forcibly displaced populations. Objective: The objectives of this systematic review are to examine: (1) the prevalence of mental health conditions among forcibly displaced persons; (2) to investigate methodological factors contributing to mental health conditions; and (3) associations between mental health conditions and human rights violations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder among forcibly displaced populations and factors contributing to it by searching in databases MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and PTSDPubs (ProQuest).

Glutamatergic Medications for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) encompass various neuropsychiatric conditions that cause significant distress and impair daily functioning. Although standard treatments are often effective, approximately 60% of patients may not respond adequately, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Objective: To evaluate improvement in OCRD symptoms associated with glutamatergic medications as monotherapy or as augmentation to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, with a focus on double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Prehabilitative/rehabilitative exercise, nutrition, and psychological support for bladder cancer: A scoping review of randomized clinical trials.

The study of prehabilitation and rehabilitation ([p]rehabilitation) to alleviate the sequelae of bladder cancer and its treatment has generated numerous opportunities to improve the quality of life of bladder cancer survivors. The authors conducted a scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to identify knowledge gaps in and research directions for (p)rehabilitative support for those affected by bladder cancer. The authors systematically searched six databases and synthesized key findings from RCTs conducted from January 1, 2004, through March 15, 2022, that enrolled participants with bladder cancer, survivors, or caregivers in outpatient (p)rehabilitative programs (e.

Effects of multi-component parenting and parental mental health interventions on early childhood development and parent outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Interventions supporting parents of young children often target parenting or parental mental health separately. Multi-component parenting and parental mental health interventions have the potential to improve parenting practices, mental health, and early childhood development. We aimed to examine their impact on child and parent outcomes.

Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? A Scoping Review of the Impact of Visual Aids on Patients Undergoing Surgery.

Objective: While graphics are commonly used by clinicians to communicate information to patients, the impact of using visual media on surgical patients is not understood. This review seeks to understand the current landscape of research analyzing impact of using visual aids to communicate with patients undergoing surgery, as well as gaps in the present literature.

Design: A comprehensive literature search was performed across 4 databases.

Examining nonmilitary and nongovernmental humanitarian surgical capacity and response in armed conflicts: A scoping review of the recent literature.

Background: Armed conflicts pose a burden on health care services. We sought to assess the surgical capacity and responses of nonmilitary and nongovernmental humanitarian responders in armed conflicts through proxy indicators to identify strategies to address surgical needs.

Methods: We searched 6 databases for articles/studies from January 1, 2013, to March 10, 2023.

Global assessment of military and civilian trauma systems integration: a scoping review.

Background: The global burden of trauma disproportionately affects low-income countries and middle-income countries (LMIC), with variability in trauma systems between countries. Military and civilian healthcare systems have a shared interest in building trauma capacity for use during peace and war. However, in LMICs it is largely unknown if and how these entities work together.

American College of Rheumatology White Paper: The Effects of Climate Change on Rheumatic Conditions-An Evolving Landscape and a Path Forward.

Objective: Increases in global temperatures and extreme weather events associated with climate change have complex yet poorly understood detrimental impacts on human health. We reviewed the current published literature on climate change-related effects and rheumatic conditions.

Methods: To summarize our current understanding of the likely effects of climate change, including increased air pollution, on rheumatic disease, we searched the published, peer-reviewed English-language literature from January 2000 to December 2022.

American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on primary endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies for adults with obesity.

This joint ASGE-ESGE guideline provides an evidence-based summary and recommendations regarding the role of endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) in the management of obesity. The document was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. It evaluates the efficacy and safety of EBMT devices and procedures that currently have CE mark or FDA-clearance/approval, or that had been approved within five years of document development.

The association between maternal prenatal hair cortisol concentration and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The risk of preterm birth (PTB) increases when experiencing stress during pregnancy. Chronic stress has been associated with a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, for which hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising biomarker. However, previous studies on the association between HCC and PTB yielded inconsistent results.

Use of patient-reported outcome measures after breast reconstruction in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly administered in high-income countries to monitor health-related quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a disproportionate burden of breast cancer, little is known about the use of PROMs in LMICs. This scoping review aims to examine the use of PROMs after post-mastectomy breast reconstruction among patients with breast cancer in LMICs.