Public and philanthropic research funding, publications, and research networks for cancer in the Commonwealth and globally between 2016 and 2023: a comparative analysis.

This Review presents a comprehensive analysis of the amounts and distribution of public and philanthropic global cancer research funding between 2016 and 2023, including patterns of international collaboration and downstream research output, with an emphasis on the Commonwealth. We show that annual investment decreased globally each year, apart from a rise in 2021. Network analysis revealed that grant and publication collaborations between the Commonwealth, the USA, and the EU are facilitated by linkages through a core group of Commonwealth countries, including the UK, Australia, and Canada.

MOF-enabled magnetic-fluorescent sensors for on-site organophosphorus/carbamate pesticide detection in fruits and vegetables.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), with their ultrahigh surface area and tunable pore architectures, have emerged as transformative materials for pesticide residue detection. Herein, we engineered a multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent nanoprobe (FeO@RhB@ZIF90@AChE) for organophosphorus (OPs) and carbamate (CMs) pesticides detection via a one-pot synthesis strategy. Leveraging the pore confinement effect of ZIF90, the platform enhances enzyme-substrate affinity while enabling a cascade signal transduction to produce quantifiable fluorescence inversely proportional to pesticide concentrations.

Efficient adsorption of xylenol orange by reusable carbon quantum dots/cross-linked chitosan composites.

In this work, a series of carbon quantum dots/cross-linked chitosan composites (CQDs/CCS) with different ratios were obtained from citric acid and chitosan by hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying. The morphology, structure and composition of the composites (CQDs/CCS) were characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of the material ratio, adsorption time, pH, and solution concentration on the adsorption performance of xylenol orange were explored.

The role of intratumoral microbiome in the occurrence, proliferation, metastasis of colorectal cancer and its underlying therapeutic strategies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, is shaped by dynamic interactions between intratumoral microbiota and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of intratumoral bacteria, fungi, and viruses, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and genotoxic Escherichia coli, in driving carcinogenesis through DNA damage, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. While their origins remain debated, hypotheses include mucosal barrier penetration, migration from adjacent tissues, hematogenous dissemination, and co-metastasis with tumor cells.

Case Report: A rare case of hemoptysis: multiple vascular variations.

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an effective treatment for hemoptysis, with potential complications including pain and spinal ischemia. We report a rare case in which the right bronchial artery communicated with the right intercostal arteries, and the right intercostal artery had an anastomosis with the right vertebral artery. Additionally, the left bronchial artery was found to have a connection with the left vertebral artery.

The dual-function of HSP70 in immune response and tumor immunity: from molecular regulation to therapeutic innovations.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays a core role in assisting protein folding and maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, studies have revealed that HSP70 has dual functions in immune regulation: on the one hand, it enhances immune responses by activating non-specific immunity (such as Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) signaling pathways) and specific immunity (such as cross-presentation of antigens, T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation); on the other hand, it inhibits excessive immune reactions by inducing the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors [such as interleukin-10 (IL-10)]. In cancer, the duality of HSP70 is also very prominent: it can drive tumor progression through pathways such as inhibiting apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, and it can also inhibit tumor growth by activating immunogenic cell death (ICD), enhancing antigen presentation, and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

Lactobacillus acidophilus extracellular vesicles-coated UiO-66-NH@siRNA nanoparticles for ulcerative colitis targeted gene therapy and gut microbiota modulation.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex and chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors, which poses a challenge for treatment. Here, we have designed an innovative integrated therapeutic strategy using Lactobacillus acidophilus extracellular vesicles (EVs) to encapsulate UiO-66-NH nanoparticles bounded with TNF-α siRNA (EVs@UiO-66-NH@siRNA) for UC treatment. This system shows superior affinity to inflammation-related cells due to the Lactobacillus acidophilus EVs can maintain immune homeostasis by regulating the secretion of cytokines in vitro.

Hesperetin mitigates adipose tissue inflammation to improve obesity-associated metabolic health.

Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) poses significant health risks, including increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Hesperetin is a key bioactive compound found in citrus fruits. Previous studies have shown that hesperetin can correct metabolic abnormalities and mitigate the progression of various metabolic disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Evaluation of the safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for immunotherapy in patients with malignant tumors after COVID-19 infection: A single-center cohort study.

Introduction: An increasing body of evidence suggests a close association between COVID-19 infection and the safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy in cancer patients. However, the available data concerning these impacts remain limited and occasionally contradictory.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of cancer patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy at the same institution from November 2022 to May 2023.

Crossmodal sensory neurons based on high-performance flexible memristors for human-machine in-sensor computing system.

Constructing crossmodal in-sensor processing system based on high-performance flexible devices is of great significance for the development of wearable human-machine interfaces. A bio-inspired crossmodal in-sensor computing system can perform real-time energy-efficient processing of multimodal signals, alleviating data conversion and transmission between different modules in conventional chips. Here, we report a bio-inspired crossmodal spiking sensory neuron (CSSN) based on a flexible VO memristor, and demonstrate a crossmodal in-sensor encoding and computing system for wearable human-machine interfaces.

Case report: Management of liver cancer complicated by gastric varices rupture and bleeding: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt utilizing the mesenteric venous pathway.

To avoid recurrent variceal bleeding, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in conjunction with variceal embolization is considered to be an effective strategy. However, due to changes in conditions and variations in the patient's state, individuals undergoing TIPS may face challenges and limitations during procedures. The transjugular technique and combined transsplenic portal venous recanalization (PVR) with TIPS were not effective in this case due to a blocked portal vein and a previous splenectomy.

A Retinex-based network for image enhancement in low-light environments.

Most of the existing low-light image enhancement methods suffer from the problems of detail loss, color distortion and excessive noise. To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper proposes a neural network-based low-light image enhancement network. The network is divided into three parts: decomposition network, reflection component denoising network, and illumination component enhancement network.

Parabens and triclosan in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from China: Concentrations, tissue distribution and related human dietary intake risk.

Parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) are commonly found in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). As a result, they have been extensively found in the environment, particularly in aquaculture operations. Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) consumption has significantly risen in China.

Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Electro-Oxidative Annulation of -Arylpurines/Purine Nucleosides.

A sustainable pathway for the synthesis of tetracyclic purinium salts via ruthenium-catalyzed electro-oxidative annulation of -arylpurine nucleosides with alkynes without a stoichiometric metal oxidant has been developed. The protocol described herein exhibits high regioselectivity, broad scope, and wide functional group tolerance, allowing efficient coupling of various biologically important molecules including acyclic, ribosyl, arabinosyl, and deoxyribosyl purine nucleoside derivatives. A novel purinoisoquinolinium-coordinated ruthenium(0) sandwich intermediate has been isolated, crystallographically characterized, and electrochemically analyzed, offering direct mechanistic insight.

Emerging memristive neurons for neuromorphic computing and sensing.

Inspired by the principles of the biological nervous system, neuromorphic engineering has brought a promising alternative approach to intelligence computing with high energy efficiency and low consumption. As pivotal components of neuromorphic system, artificial spiking neurons are powerful information processing units and can achieve highly complex nonlinear computations. By leveraging the switching dynamic characteristics of memristive device, memristive neurons show rich spiking behaviors with simple circuit.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of calcineurin inhibitors on long-term prognosis of renal transplant patients.

Background: Existing guidelines recommend a triple immunosuppressive regimen with calcineurin inhibitors, antimetabolites, and corticosteroids for postoperative immunosuppression in renal transplant patients. However, few studies have compared cyclosporine and tacrolimus for long-term outcomes. In this study, the meta-analysis was used to compare long-term outcomes in renal transplant patients to evaluate the use of cyclosporine vs.

Association between minimally invasive surgery and late seizures in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A propensity score matching study.

Purpose: The association between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hematoma evacuation and late seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether MIS increases the risk of late seizures after ICH and identify the risk factors for late seizures in this patient subgroup.

Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive inpatients diagnosed with ICH at two tertiary hospitals in China.

Integrated platform of oxygen self-enriched nanovesicles: SP94 peptide-directed chemo/sonodynamic therapy for liver cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a most common primary liver cancer among the most deadly malignancies. Selectively killing the cancer cells within the liver urgently requires the novel treatment strategies. The combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and chemotherapy based on the nanotechnology have achieved some achievements in the HCC treatments.

Comparative genomic analysis of the genus Marinomonas and taxonomic study of Marinomonas algarum sp. nov., isolated from red algae Gelidium amansii.

Members of the genus Marinomonas are known for their environmental adaptation and metabolically versatility, with abundant proteins associated with antifreeze, osmotic pressure resistance, carbohydrase and multiple secondary metabolites. Comparative genomic analysis focusing on secondary metabolites and orthologue proteins was conducted with 30 reference genome sequences in the genus Marinomonas. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain E8, was isolated from the red algae (Gelidium amansii) in the coastal of Weihai, China.

Oceanisphaera pacifica sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Trichiurus japonicus.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain DM8, was isolated from the intestine of Trichiurus japonicus in Weihai, China. The strain optimally grew at 25-35℃, with 1.0-4.

The multiple effects of hydrogen sulfide on cadmium toxicity in tobacco may be interacted with CaM signal transduction.

Soilless culture experiments with tobacco were conducted to explore how the signal molecule HS (0.3, 0.6, 0.

Elevated air temperature damage to photosynthetic apparatus alleviated by enhanced cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in tobacco leaves.

High temperature can lead to increased production of excess light energy, thus reducing photosynthetic capacity in plants. Photosynthetic cyclic electron flow (CEF) in photosystem I (PSI) can effectively protect photosystems, but its physiological mechanism under high temperature is poorly understood. In this study, antimycin A (AA) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) were used to inhibit PGR5-and NDH-dependent CEF pathways, respectively, to reveal the photoprotective functions of CEF for PSII in tobacco leaves under high temperature stress (37 °C, HT).