Gut microbiota remodeling exacerbates neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction via the microbiota-gut-brain axis in prenatal VPA-exposed C57BL/6 mice offspring.

Introduction: Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is a recognized risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like phenotypes, yet the mechanisms linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to neurodevelopmental impairments remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence implicates the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, but causal pathways in VPA-induced ASD models require systematic exploration. This study investigates how prenatal VPA exposure reshapes gut microbiota composition, exacerbates neuroinflammatory responses, and drives cognitive dysfunction through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in C57BL/6 mouse offspring.

Discovery of factors associated with smartphone addiction among high school adolescents: Using machine learning and network analysis.

Background And Aims: Nowadays, smartphone addiction (SA) has become a widespread issue; however, research specifically targeting high school adolescents remains limited. To address this gap, this study aimed to identify important predictive factors of SA among high school students using machine learning and to explore the relationships among these factors through network analysis, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for targeted interventions.

Methods: A total of 14,036 high school students aged 15-18 years (M = 16.

Let-7i-3p inhibits the progression of gastric cancer by targeting CCND1 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) often presents as a malignant tumor of the human digestive system. Let-7i-3p has been confirmed to participate in the regulation of various cancers, while the biological mechanisms of Let-7i-3p in GC remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of let-7i-3p in GC.

Targeting CLK1/SRSF7 axis-dependent alternative splicing sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Aim: The persistently high mortality rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely attributed to the acquired resistance to chemotherapy, particularly gemcitabine. This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, uncover additional pro-tumorigenic factors contributing to drug resistance, and develop more effective and safer targeted therapeutic strategies against this phenomenon.

Methods: Circular RNA (circRNA) sequencing was employed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between chemo-sensitive and resistant tumors.

Regularizing the inverse problem of ultrasound beamforming with non-local structure tensor total variation.

Researchers are increasingly interested in using inverse problem methodologies for ultrasound image reconstruction instead of conventional beamforming methods, termed the inverse problem of ultrasound beamforming (IPB). This new imaging method promises to increase the frame rate of plane-wave imaging by enabling the reconstruction of high-quality images from fewer plane-wave transmissions compared to conventional beamforming methods. IPB assumes that the RF signals received by the ultrasound probe are linearly related to the beamformed image.

Improved Extended State Observer-Based Consensus Control for Stochastic Multiagent Systems via Dual-Terminal Event-Triggered Mechanism.

For a class of uncertain nonlinear stochastic multiagent systems, a consensus control strategy is proposed with an adjustable-time-varying-gain-based event-triggered extended state observer (ATVG-ETESO) via dual-terminal event-triggered mechanism (DTETM). The ATVG-ETESO estimates internal uncertainties and external stochastic disturbances. Its adjustable time-varying gain avoids peaking phenomenon at the initial stage and accelerates estimation error convergence.

Metabolomics navigates natural variation in pathogen-induced secondary metabolism across soybean cultivar populations.

e-induced root rot poses a major threat to soybean production. While the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean- interactions have been extensively studied, their biochemical basis remains largely unexplored. Previous research has identified key metabolic modules involved in pathogen defense, but structural diversity has largely been constrained by studies on single soybean accessions.

Synergistic Copper-Coordination/Glutathione Reduction Drives an In Situ Type II-to-Type I Photodynamic Switch in Iridium-Based Photosensitizer Nanocomposites for Potentiated Cancer Immunotherapy.

The clinical translation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces dual challenges of tumor hypoxia and antioxidant defense mechanisms. To address these limitations, herein tumor microenvironment (TME)-adaptive nanoparticles are rationally designed that enable oxygen-independent PDT while reprogramming immunosuppressive TME. An Ir(III) complex (Ir1) is engineered to achieve copper-mediated and glutathione (GSH)-activated switching of photodynamic modes from oxygen-dependent Type II to hypoxia-tolerant Type I PDT via coordination-induced modulation of electron transfer.

Seeing, Counting, Identifying, and Distinguishing Single Molecules from Their Mixtures via Raman Spectroscopy.

Seeing, counting, identifying, and distinguishing molecules one by one in their mixture phases is recognized as a big challenge in molecular science. Here we employ this using a single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SM-SERS) strategy combining giant electromagnetic enhancement (EME) from plasmonic nanogaps and giant chemical enhancement (CME) from monolayer WS. For a dilute mixture of rhodamine B (RhB), rhodamine 6G (R6G), and crystal violet (CV) at concentrations of as low as 10 M, this SM-SERS substrate enables the sighting, counting, identification, and distinction of individual molecules.

Triple-phase VPA administration in Sprague-Dawley rats: A cost-effective ASD model unveiling the synaptic-mitochondrial-inflammatory axis as a therapeutic target.

Aims: To overcome limitations of traditional single-dose valproic acid (VPA) models in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research-including severe maternal toxicity and imprecise embryonic exposure-this study established a cost-effective ASD model using a three-phase sequential VPA strategy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant SD rats received VPA (400 → 450 → 400 mg·kg) on gestational days 11.5, 12.

The role of m5C, m1A and m7G modifications in tumors of urinary system.

Malignant tumors of the urinary system, such as kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, remain a significant challenge despite the various treatment options available. Identifying therapeutic targets for urological tumors is crucial due to the potential for recurrence and metastasis. Recent research has highlighted the importance of RNA modifications in post-transcriptional regulation, impacting various biological functions in urological tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Comparative Chloroplast Genomics, Phylogenomics, and Divergence Times of (Lauraceae).

In the traditional classification system of the Lauraceae family based on morphology and anatomy, the phylogenetic position of the genus has long been controversial. Chloroplast (cp) evolution of has not yet been illuminated. In this study, we first sequenced and assembled the complete cp genomes of , and conducted the comparative cp genomics, phylogenomics, and divergence time estimation of this ecological and economic important genus.

Brain age identification from diffusion MRI synergistically predicts neurodegenerative disease.

Estimated brain age from magnetic resonance image (MRI) and its deviation from chronological age can provide early insights into potential neurodegenerative diseases, supporting early detection and implementation of prevention strategies to slow disease progression and onset. Diffusion MRI (dMRI), a widely used modality for brain age estimation, presents an opportunity to build an earlier biomarker for neurodegenerative disease prediction because it captures subtle microstructural changes that precede more perceptible macrostructural changes. However, the coexistence of macro- and micro-structural information in dMRI raises the question of whether current dMRI-based brain age estimation models are leveraging the intended microstructural information or if they inadvertently rely on the macrostructural information.

Aggregation of Stress Granules Induced by Hypoxia and Lipopolysaccharide via PKR-p-eIF2α Pathway and 4EBP1 Pathway Inhibits the Inflammatory Response in Peri-Implantitis.

Objective: To investigate whether stress granules (SGs) exist in peri-implantitis (PI) and to explore the formation mechanism and role of SGs in the response of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to hypoxia or LPS.

Methods: Gingival tissues were collected from patients with PI and from healthy individuals. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the SGs in the gingiva.

Genistein in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review.

Periodontitis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue whose characteristic pathological changes include the destruction of periodontal soft tissue and the absorption of alveolar bone. Genistein, an isoflavone compound derived from leguminous plants, has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-bacteria, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, and estrogen-like effects. In recent years, genistein has shown broad application potential in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis due to its wide range of biological activities.

Scalable quality control on processing of large diffusion-weighted and structural magnetic resonance imaging datasets.

Thorough quality control (QC) can be time consuming when working with large-scale medical imaging datasets, yet necessary, as poor-quality data can lead to erroneous conclusions or poorly trained machine learning models. Most efforts to reduce data QC time rely on quantitative outlier detection, which cannot capture every instance of algorithm failure. Thus, there is a need to visually inspect every output of data processing pipelines in a scalable manner.

Homogeneous Memristors with Tunable Decay Dynamics for Self-Adaptive Reservoir Computing.

Leveraging inherent nonlinear dynamics, memristors have demonstrated superior performance in reservoir computing (RC). However, the use of different materials for reservoir nodes and readout layers poses significant challenges to integration. Moreover, the reported RC systems generally employ fixed reservoir nodes with limited temporal dynamics, which severely restricts the processing of sequences with complex temporal features in practical applications.

Bioinspired Construction of Cu-Fe Bimetallic Multienzyme Mimetics as Co-Inducers of Cuproptosis and Ferroptosis.

Metalloenzyme mimics based on small molecules are valuable therapeutic candidates, but there are few reports on their mechanism of action. Inspired by natural enzymes, we designed two Cu-Fe bimetallic multienzyme mimetics ( and . Due to the coordination of the bimetallic centers, exhibits mimetic activities for multiple enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx).

Evolutionary legacy of the "living fossil" genus Parrotia (Hamamelidaceae): genomic insights into species divergence and polygenic adaptation.

Despite their long evolutionary history, the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation in "living fossil" plants remain largely unexplored. Parrotia, a Tertiary relict tree genus with two extant species, P. subaequalis and P.

Integrating Animal Experiments, Bioinformatics and Molecular Dynamics Stimulations to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Songyang Duanwu Tea Improving Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of various risk factors, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and so on. Songyang Duanwu Tea (SYT) has a high value in nutrition and health care, and it is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for weight loss. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of SYT improving MetS remain to be elucidated.

Molecular determinants of HERG potassium channel blockade by domiphen bromide and benzethonium chloride.

Domiphen bromide (DMP) and benzethonium chloride (BZT) are synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds widely used as disinfectants. Both agents are potent inhibitors of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel, a key contributor to cardiac repolarization. Dysfunction of HERG is associated with long QT syndrome and arrhythmias, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying DMP and BZT inhibition remain incompletely understood.

Photodynamic-Photothermal Switching in Osmium-Ferritin Nanoplatform Activates Near Infrared-Driven Tumor Immunity Reprogramming.

Conventional metallo-photosensitizers (PSs) face short-wavelength excitation (<650 nm), poor tumor-targeting specificity, and monotherapy limitations; engineering hypoxia-tolerant multimodal systems integrated with tumor-targeting precision and microenvironment-adaptive metallo-PSs remains challenging for clinical transformation. In this study, we developed an Os(II)-cyanine complex , which exhibits aggregation-dispersion-induced photodynamic-photothermal conversion properties. To enhance its tumor-targeting capabilities, we encapsulated in human heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) to form stable nanoparticles (NPs).

Adipose tissue-derived PRXL2A suppresses hepatic lipogenesis in a study with male mice.

Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is crucial for maintaining lipid homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in various metabolic diseases. While it is well established that hepatic DNL is tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon secreted from the pancreatic islets during feeding and fasting, further investigations are required to identify more hormones affecting hepatic DNL during the feeding-fasting transition. Here, we identify PRXL2A (peroxiredoxin like 2 A), an adipokine secreted during fasting, as an inhibitor of hepatic DNL.

White matter microstructure and macrostructure brain charts across the human lifespan.

Normative reference charts are widely used in healthcare, especially for assessing the development of individuals by benchmarking anatomic and physiological features against population trajectories across the lifespan. Recent work has extended this concept to gray matter morphology in the brain, but no such reference framework currently exists for white matter (WM) even though WM constitutes the essential substrate for neuronal communication and large-scale network integration. Here, we present the first comprehensive WM brain charts, which describe how microstructural and macrostructural features of WM evolve across the lifespan, by leveraging over 26,199 diffusion MRI scans from 42 harmonized studies.

In Situ Monitoring of Water-Sodium Chloride Diffusion via a Fiber-Integrated Plasmonic Microsensor.

Water-sodium chloride diffusion, accompanied by ion movement, is a representative and important liquid-liquid diffusion system in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology. Here, we have in situ monitored the water-sodium chloride solution diffusion process by a fiber-integrated plasmonic microsensor with high space-time resolution. The sodium chloride concentration space-time evolution shows a non-Fickian law in which the diffusion coefficient is constant but the diffusion layer center moves to the water side during the diffusion process, which is explained by the equivalent surface tension effect.