Prevalence of Physical Activity Maintenance Across a 12-Month Study: Comparison of Accelerometer Indicators.

Background: Maintaining physical activity (PA) is critical for reducing disease risk. Yet, lack of consensus on how to define and operationalize PA maintenance has hindered surveillance efforts. We used longitudinal accelerometer data to compare how different ways of operationalizing PA maintenance impact PA maintenance prevalence estimates.

The role of m5C, m1A and m7G modifications in tumors of urinary system.

Malignant tumors of the urinary system, such as kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, remain a significant challenge despite the various treatment options available. Identifying therapeutic targets for urological tumors is crucial due to the potential for recurrence and metastasis. Recent research has highlighted the importance of RNA modifications in post-transcriptional regulation, impacting various biological functions in urological tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Causal relationships between 4907 circulating proteins and heart failure and atrial fibrillation: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

The 5-year survival rate of patients with heart failure (HF) is comparable to that of malignant tumors, with a persistently high risk of mortality. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia, with its incidence rising annually due to the aging population. Therefore finding relevant therapeutic targets for both diseases is crucial.

Technoeconomic and life-cycle assessment of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion via a compact fluidized bed calcium looping gasifier.

As the global greenhouse effect intensifies, there is an urgent need for green energy to replace traditional fossil fuels in industries like chemicals and energy. This work explores the potential of biomass, a carbon-negative energy source, to reduce the greenhouse effect through sorption-enhanced biomass gasification. The objective of the study is to evaluate the technoeconomic and environmental performance of a biomass-to-hydrogen (BTH) process utilizing a compact fluidized bed gasifier, in comparison with an alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) system.

Causal analysis of 731 immunophenotypes and heart failure: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the causal relationship between immunophenotypes and heart failure (HF) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Summary-level data for HF and immunophenotypes were obtained from public genome-wide association study data. Five robust MR methods were employed to delineate the causal effects between the 2.

Mechanistic decoding of octyl methoxycinnamate-induced breast toxicity via network toxicology, mendelian randomization, and molecular simulations.

Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), a widely used UV filter, has raised concerns due to its potential reproductive toxicity and association with endocrine disruption. This study systematically identified OMC-induced breast toxicity targets and elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms by integrating network toxicology, differential gene expression analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using SwissTargetPrediction, OMIM, GeneCards and DisGeNET databases, 185 potential targets linked to OMC exposure and breast injury were identified.

Prediction of the neurotoxic mechanisms of the pesticide phorate using network toxicology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation.

Phorate is an organophosphate pesticide that may cause neurotoxicity, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by phorate overexposure using network toxicology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation.We identified 104 potential targets and 20 core targets associated with phorate-induced neurotoxicity.

Ultrasonic replacement of natural aging: Potential strategies for improving the color, antioxidant activity, and volatile compound profile of astragalus mead.

The growing demand for natural and functional beverages has driven research aimed at improving the quality of herbal meads. This study investigates the use of non-thermal processing methods, ultrasonic, microwave, and high hydrostatic pressure processing, as alternatives to traditional natural aging for improving the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, color stability, and volatile compound profile of astragalus mead. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize fermentation conditions, which yielded the highest flavonoid content and sensory quality at an impregnation time of 12 h, an impregnation temperature of 10 °C, and a fermentation temperature of 20 °C.

Exploring person-centred sleep and rest-activity cycle dynamics over 6 months.

Sleep and circadian characteristics are associated with health outcomes, but are often examined cross-sectionally or using variable-centred analyses. Person-centred longitudinal research is needed to identify combined effects of sleep and circadian characteristics while allowing for change over time. We aimed to classify individuals into sleep-circadian statuses (aim 1), determine whether they transitioned between statuses over time (aim 2), and explore associated covariates and health outcomes (aim 3).

Formation and stabilization mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg3 inclusion complexes based on molecular simulation.

The formation of inclusion complexes between Ginsenoside Rg3 and cyclodextrins represents a promising strategy to enhance the solubility of G-Rg3. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between G-Rg3 and cyclodextrins have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we employed a combination of molecular simulation and experimental methodologies to identify the most effective solubilizing carriers among G-Rg3, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD).

Optimization of the quality of sea buckthorn juice by enzymatic digestion and inoculation sequence.

Sea buckthorn, rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds such as phenolics, fatty acids, and vitamins, presents processing challenges due to its intense sourness and bland flavor. This study addresses key challenges in flavor enhancement and sourness reduction by evaluating the effects of pectinase treatment and inoculation sequences on the overall quality. Optimal malic acid degradation and antioxidant occurred when Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S.

Potential of natural drug modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the treatment of myocardial injury.

Myocardial injury (MI) is a common occurrence in clinical practice caused by various factors such as ischemia, hypoxia, infection, metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation. Such damages are characterized by a reduction in myocardial function and cardiomyocyte death that can result in dangerous outcomes such as cardiac failure and arrhythmias. An endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered by several stressors, and its intricate signaling networks are instrumental in both cell survival and death.

Targeting programmed cell death in diabetic kidney disease: from molecular mechanisms to pharmacotherapy.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes, arises from dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism induced by hyperglycemia, resulting in the deterioration of renal cells such as podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. Programmed cell death (PCD), comprising apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, represents a spectrum of cell demise processes intricately governed by genetic mechanisms in vivo. Under physiological conditions, PCD facilitates the turnover of cellular populations and serves as a protective mechanism to eliminate impaired podocytes or tubular epithelial cells, thereby preserving renal tissue homeostasis amidst hyperglycemic stress.

The causal association between body composition and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Observational studies and meta-analyses have indicated a notable correlation between obesity and vitamin D deficiency, yet the causal relationship between the 2 remains contentious. This study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the interrelation between obesity-associated body metrics: specifically body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP), whole-body fat percentage (WHF), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Instrumental variables for BMI, WHR, BFP, whole body fat mass (WFM), and 25(OH)D were carefully selected based on predefined thresholds.

Ask Less, Learn More: Adapting Ecological Momentary Assessment Survey Length by Modeling Question-Answer Information Gain.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an approach to collect self-reported data repeatedly on mobile devices in natural settings. EMAs allow for temporally dense, ecologically valid data collection, but frequent interruptions with lengthy surveys on mobile devices can burden users, impacting compliance and data quality. We propose a method that reduces the length of each EMA question set measuring interrelated constructs, with only modest information loss.

Prognostic effectiveness of interactive vs. non-interactive mobile app interventions in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mobile app interventions are emerging as significant tools in managing the prognosis of type 2 diabetes, demonstrating progressively greater impacts. The effectiveness of these interventions needs further evidence-based support.

Objective: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile app interventions in improving prognosis for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in rehabilitation treatment for post-stroke aphasia.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion in treating post-stroke aphasia through meta-analysis.

Methods: Major Chinese and international databases were searched from their inception to December 2023. The search terms included "randomized controlled clinical studies on acupuncture treatment for stroke-related aphasia".

Identification and validation of an m7G-related lncRNAs signature for predicting prognosis, immune response and therapy landscapes in ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most mortality malignancy in gynecology. N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the most prevalent RNA modifications in the development and progression of cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of m7G-related lncRNA on ovarian cancer in terms of instruction prognosis and immunotherapy.

Boosting lactic acid photocatalytic synthesis from biomass sugars: The synergistic effect of N-doped carbon dots on ultrathin carbon nitride.

The green and sustainable production of lactic acid via photocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived sugars is highly significant owing to its enhanced efficiency and reduced energy requirements. Consequently, the investigation has engineered a metal-free photocatalyst (NCDs/CCN), consisting of N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and ultrathin carbon nitride (CCN). This catalyst has an enhanced light absorption range, facilitating a marked acceleration in the separation rate of photogenerated carriers.

[Potential pathways for traditional Chinese medicine intervention in diabetic kidney disease: macrophage polarization].

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is a prevalent and severe microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Chronic microinflammation is an important factor exacerbating renal tissue damage in DKD individuals. Macrophages play a crucial role in immune-inflammatory responses, and they can transiently and reversibly polarize into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype based on microenvironmental differences.

Transcriptome and metabolite profiles reveal the role of benzothiadiazole in controlling isoprenoid synthesis and berry ripening in chardonnay grapes.

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) regulates grape development, ripening, volatiles, and phenolics. This study used metabolomics and transcriptomics to understand how exogenous BTH affects Chardonnay grapes' maturation and synthesis of isoprenoids. A 0.

Mechanistic insights into temperature-driven retention and speciation changes of heavy metals (HMs) in ash residues from Co-combustion of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and red mud.

Red mud is a promising candidate for promoting the incineration of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and stabilizing the resulting incineration ash. The combustion conditions, notably temperature, significantly steers the migration and transformation of harmful metal components during combustion, and ultimately affect their retention and speciation in the ash residue. The study attempted to investigate the effect of co-combustion temperature on the enrichment and stability of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb within bottom ashes, and to reveal the underlined promotion mechanism of red mud addition.

[Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating autophagy for intervening in diabetic cardiomyopathy].

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to cardiac damage in the later stages of the disease, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving metabolic disorders brought about by a variety of aberrant alterations such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, defects in cardiomyocyte Ca~(2+) transporter, and myocardial fibrosis. Currently, there is a lack of specific diagnosis and treatment in the clinic. Autophagy is a highly conserved scavenging mechanism that removes proteins, damaged organelles or foreign contaminants and converts them into energy and amino acids to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment.