Lewy body dementia promotion by air pollutants.

Evidence links air pollution to dementia, yet its role in Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains unclear. In this work, we showed in a cohort of 56.5 million individuals across the United States that fine particulate matter (PM) exposure raises LBD risk.

Wet tissue adhesive hydrogel toughened by wheat gluten.

Tissue adhesives made of natural polymers like protein have good biocompatibility but low adhesion in wet environments. Gluten is a rich naturally occurring protein with a highly soft and stretchable "loop and train" model network. To benefit from this remarkable feature, it was composited with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to make a tough double-network wet tissue adhesive hydrogel (G-PAA).

Self-reinforceable poly(lipoic acid)-based tough underwater tissue bioadhesive.

Strong and durable adhesion of bioadhesives on wet/underwater tissues is still challenging because of the hindrance of the hydration layer and swelling of the adhesive. Here a water-induced self-hardening bioadhesive (p(LA-ABO)) composed of poly(lipoic acid) (PolyLA) capped with 4-allyl-1,2-benzenediol (ABO), is prepared through a solvent evaporation-induced self-polymerization method. During underwater curing, the water-induced aggregation of the hydrophobic PolyLA chain of the bioadhesive leads to a soft-to-hard transition, therefore enhancing its cohesion and wet/underwater tissue adhesion.

Sensitivity analysis and monitoring of control parameters in cantilever casting construction of prestressed concrete continuous girder bridges.

To ensure smooth closure of prestressed concrete continuous girder bridges and compliance of structural geometric alignment/stress with design requirements, this study employs finite element modeling to analyze the impact of variations in key construction control parameters during cantilever construction on bridge alignment and stress states at both the final completed stage and during maximum cantilever conditions. The investigated parameters encompass concrete unit weight, elastic modulus, prestressing loss, concrete shrinkage and creep, and temperature. Coupling effects among critical parameters were analyzed, leading to the establishment of a construction monitoring system that incorporates coupled effects of key control parameters.

Oppositely charged polysaccharide nanofibers coated gauze with hemostatic potential.

Cotton gauze remains a clinically prevalent hemostatic material, yet its effectiveness remains compromised by bleeding. We have deposited cationic quaternized chitosan (QCS) and anionic catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HADA) nanofibers onto cotton gauze to prepare QCS/HADA@gauze. Upon blood contact, oppositely charged nanofibers electrostatically adhere through complementary charge interactions.

Learning-based early detection of post-hepatectomy liver failure using temporal perioperative data: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study in China.

Background: Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), defined as acute liver failure following hepatectomy, remains a major complication for postoperative mortality lacking early detection approaches. This study aimed to leverage cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for extensive temporal feature analysis using perioperative data, to advance the detection of PHLF to the first 24 h after surgery.

Methods: This nationwide multicenter retrospective study was conducted with a total of 1832 patients across six geographically diverse hospitals in China.

A Short, All-Oral Regimen for Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multicenter Open-label Single-arm Study.

Background: Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) remains a critical public health threat due to limited treatment options and significant disease burden. Existing regimens have shown high success rates but are often inaccessible globally, necessitating alternative options.

Methods: This study was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm study conducted in China to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 6- to 9-month oral regimen.

Filiform Corrosion Inhibition of Zn-Al-Mg-Coated Steel by Ti-Zr Conversion Coating: Crucial Role of Benzotriazole-5-Carboxylic Acid.

Under-film filiform corrosion (FFC) poses a significant challenge to the durability and reliability of Zn-Al-Mg-coated steel (ZM-steel), necessitating the development of advanced protective strategies. Herein, benzotriazole 5-carboxylic acid (BTC)-modified titanium zirconium (TiZr) conversion coatings (CCs) were developed as a sustainable solution to mitigate FFC, enhance corrosion resistance, and improve the adhesion of epoxy (EP) coatings on ZM-steel. Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, FFC, and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests, the optimized BTC-TiZr CC, prepared in a Ti-Zr solution containing 0.

Buserelin shortens the estrus-to-ovulation interval and improves the pregnancy outcomes in gilts treated with a fixed-time artificial insemination.

Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is currently a standardized protocol for pig reproductive management. Efficient ovulation synchronization induced by GnRH analogs is critical for ensuring the pregnancy outcomes of FTAI. However, among the widely used GnRH analogs, the degree of synchronization and timing of ovulation remain unclear in gilts.

LASSO regression-based nomogram for distinguishing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease from pulmonary tuberculosis: a clinical risk prediction model.

This study aims to identify predictive factors that can effectively distinguish between non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by comparing their clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators, and to construct a risk prediction model based on these factors to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, optimize treatment strategies, and reduce the risks of misdiagnosis and drug resistance. Data from 150 hospitalized patients treated at The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected, including 50 cases with NTM-PD and 100 cases with PTB. By gathering clinical data and laboratory inflammation markers of the patients, key predictive factors were identified using LASSO regression.

prospective multicenter validation of preoperative plasma ceramides as novel predictive biomarkers for clinically relevant post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Background: Circulating ceramides (CERs) are associated with liver diseases and dysfunction. The utility of plasma CERs in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of preoperative plasma CERs for predicting clinically relevant PHLF (CR-PHLF).

Blood-triggered self-sealing and tissue adhesive hemostatic nanofabric.

Current hemostatic fabric often encounters the issue of blood seeping or leaking through the fabric and at the junctions between the fabric and tissue, leading to extra blood loss. Herein, we report a hemostatic nanofabric composed of anionic and cationic nanofibers. Upon contact with wound, the porous nanofabric can absorb the interfacial blood and self-seal to form a compact physical barrier through interfiber bonding, preventing blood from longitudinally penetrating the fabric.

Identification of 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose as a novel ASNS inhibitor for MASLD amelioration in mice by increasing l-aspartate levels alongside LKB1/AMPK metabolic axis activation.

l-aspartate is a nonessential amino acid involving tricarboxylic acid cycle, amplifying hepatic l-aspartate level is a practicable and promising therapeutic approach in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and liver injury-induced liver fibrosis. However, fewer compounds have been reported to increase hepatic l-aspartate level for ameliorating MASLD in vivo. Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes the conversion of l-aspartate into asparagine, here, we identified a natural molecule, named 1, 2, 3, 4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose (PGG), from the compound library (∼7133 compounds) using the free energy perturbation (FEP)-based virtual screening strategy.

Furofuran and tetrahydrofuran lignans from Lancea tibetica.

Seven undescribed lignans, including four furofuran lignans (lanceticosides A-D) and three tetrahydrofuran lignans (lanceticosides E-G), along with seven known lignans, were isolated from the whole herb of Lancea tibetica. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESI-MS, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data and calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The application of ECD spectra in determining the absolute configuration of furofuran and tetrahydrofuran lignans has also been proposed.

Elevation Data Statistical Analysis and Maximum Likelihood Estimation-Based Vehicle Type Classification for 4D Millimeter-Wave Radar.

Traditional 3D radar can only detect the planar characteristic information of a target. Thus, it cannot describe its spatial geometric characteristics, which is critical for accurate vehicle classification. To overcome these limitations, this paper investigates elevation features using 4D millimeter-wave radar data and presents a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)-based vehicle classification method.

Crack-Enhanced MXene-Carbon Nanotube Soft Contact Lens for Body-Induced Intracranial Pressure Application.

Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) can guarantee stable vital signs and help avoid the risk of debilitating headaches, transient ocular blindness, and optic atrophy caused by elevated ICP, which are critical for patients or specific groups like astronauts and athletes. However, in situ ICP detection typically relies on neural pixels that require a surgical procedure, such as a craniotomy. Here, we report a continuous and nondestructive ICP detection approach via an in situ intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring system, which includes a pressure response unit using a microcracked MXene@carboxylated carbon nanotube (C-MWCNT) IOP sensor with Wheatstone bridge architecture, an electrical circuit, and a mobile platform to record and display the IOP value.

Low-temperature, low-pressure Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor in extreme near-space application.

The development and utilization of airspace, especially near-space particularly rely on power units with superior tolerance in low-temperature and low-pressure environments to output a stable energy supply. Here we propose a strategy towards low-temperature, low-pressure Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor based on a weakly hydrogen-bonded electrolyte and a hyacinth-shaped TiCT MXene@CC cathode with hierarchical bridge-linked structure, which synergistically reduces the internal resistance of the device and enables the assembled supercapacitor showing a good low-temperature resistance while combining low-gas-voltage safety. The ACN additive weakens the hydrogen bond between water molecules and reshapes the solvation structure of Zn, thus reducing the ion transfer resistance and achieving a reversible Zn/Zn chemical reaction.

Prediction of the kinetic profiles in H-mode plasma discharges on EAST using core-pedestal coupling.

The physical processes in tokamak plasma are strongly related to the coupling between the core and the pedestal. The accurate prediction of the kinetic profiles (electron temperature and density) from the pedestal to the core lays the physics basis for fusion performance optimization in future plasma-burning tokamak devices. Based on the optimized width model ([Formula: see text] between the pedestal width [Formula: see text] and the square root of the poloidal pedestal beta [Formula: see text]) from empirical observations in type-I edge-localized mode (ELM) H-mode discharges, the REPED model is further used to predict the pedestal structures for type-III ELM H-modes on EAST in this work.

Real-Time 0.89 THz Terahertz Imaging with High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Detector and Hydrogen Cyanide Laser for Non-Destructive Nut Detection.

We present a method for real-time terahertz imaging that employs a hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser as a terahertz source at 0.89 THz and an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) terahertz detector as a camera. We developed an HCN laser and constructed a transmission imaging system based on it.

Targeting the ceramidase ACER3 attenuates cholestasis in mice by mitigating bile acid overload via unsaturated ceramide-mediated LXRβ signaling transduction.

Bile acid overload critically drives the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury (CLI). While ceramide metabolism has garnered increasing interest in liver research, the role of ceramides in CLI remains unclear. This study investigates the function of alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3)-catalyzed hydrolysis of unsaturated ceramides in CLI.

Experimental validation of an imaging neutral particle analyzer in the EAST.

An imaging neutral particle analyzer (INPA) has been successfully designed and implemented in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak to detect fast ions (FIs). The system capitalizes on carbon foils to ionize charge exchange neutral particles and utilizes scintillator screens to differentiate the energy and radial distribution of the particles. The detection characteristics of the pitch angle profile and energy resolution are illustrated, and the modeling-based energy calibration has been validated with the experimental data.

Necklace-Structured PVA Sponges for Fast Bleeding Control in the Punctured Femoral Artery Hemorrhage.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage from deep, narrow wounds poses a critical threat to life, as locating the bleeding arteries in such areas is challenging. Rapid bleeding control remains a significant challenge in pre-hospital care. Herein, an injectable hemostatic device filled with disc-like PVA sponges is developed for this objective.

Qinggan Yipi capsule ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in rats by down-regulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and improving gut microbiota imbalance.

Background And Objective: Qinggan Yipi Capsule (QgYp) is a hospital preparation that has been used for many years in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. However, the mechanism of QgYp in ameliorating hepatic fibrosis (HF) remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the anti-liver fibrosis effect of QgYp and its mechanism of action.

Exploring electron density and terahertz polarization characteristics in inductively coupled plasmas by terahertz spectroscopy and polarimetry.

As a noninvasive optical method, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been applied to diagnose the plasma parameters. Previous reports mainly focused on the phase and amplitude changes of THz waves induced by the plasma, while the terahertz polarization characteristics were rarely reported. In this paper, in addition to the plasma electron density and terahertz transmittance, we further applied the terahertz time-domain polarimetry (THz-TDP) method to diagnose the terahertz polarization rotation angles induced by an argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP).

TTSNet: Transformer-Temporal Convolutional Network-Self-Attention with Feature Fusion for Prediction of Remaining Useful Life of Aircraft Engines.

Accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of aircraft engine operation. However, aircraft engines operate in harsh conditions, with the characteristics of high speed, high temperature, and high load, resulting in high-dimensional and noisy data. This makes feature extraction inadequate, leading to low accuracy in the prediction of the RUL of aircraft engines.