Genetically determined body mass index is associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in polygenic and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Obesity has been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the evidence is inconclusive. We examined the association between genetically determined adiposity and four common NHL subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and marginal zone lymphoma, using eight genome-wide association studies of European ancestry (N = 10,629 cases, 9505 controls) and constructing polygenic scores for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI). Higher genetically determined BMI was associated with an increased risk of DLBCL [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) = 1.

Is waist to height ratio better at assessing cause-specific mortality risk than body mass index or waist circumference? A prospective analysis in a large U.S.-based cohort.

Introduction: Excess body fatness is an established risk factor for various types of chronic disease and all-cause mortality. Most previous studies are based on body mass index (BMI) as a general measure of adiposity, but whether measures of central adiposity that better represent metabolically active visceral fat, such as waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), may be better at predicting disease and mortality risks is less known.

Materials And Methods: Data from a large, prospective cohort in the U.

Occupation as a firefighter and cancer mortality in a population-based cohort in the United States.

Background: A 2022 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group concluded that occupational exposure as a firefighter causes mesothelioma and bladder cancer. Evidence for causality of other cancers was considered limited or inadequate, but methodologic limitations may have contributed to inconsistent or null findings from previous studies. The present analysis uses data from >470 000 men enrolled in a general population, prospective cohort to assess associations between occupation as a firefighter and cancer mortality.

A case-cohort study of the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and breast cancer among participants in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-II.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk; findings from prior studies are inconsistent, with many not considering subtypes.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between serum PFAS concentrations and breast cancer incidence, overall and by selected characteristics.

Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study among Cancer Prevention Study-II LifeLink Cohort female participants (mean age = 68) who developed breast cancer (n = 781) during follow-up (1998-2015) or were in a randomly selected subcohort (n = 498).

The impact of neighborhood deprivation on sleep and circadian health in a large US cohort.

Introduction: Research on neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and sleep and circadian health shows inconsistent findings. Small sample sizes and few sleep measures may have limited prior studies. In a large cohort, we examined the association between neighborhood deprivation and sleep and circadian health.

Exogenous Hormones, Tumor Intrinsic Subtypes, and Breast Cancer.

Importance: Etiologic heterogeneity in breast carcinogenesis needs to be well characterized for targeted prevention. Associations between menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) and oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer intrinsic-like subtypes are not well understood.

Objective: To examine whether exogenous hormone use is differentially associated with breast cancer subtypes and to evaluate heterogeneity by intrinsic-like subtypes.

Hormone therapy use and young-onset breast cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts included in the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group.

Background: Oestrogen plus progestin hormone therapy is an established risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. We examined the less well-studied association between exogenous hormones and breast cancer in young women, who might use hormone therapy after gynaecological surgery or to relieve perimenopausal symptoms.

Methods: In this pooled cohort analysis, we investigated the relationship between exogenous hormones and breast cancer in young women using data from 10-13 prospective cohorts from North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

Digital intervention for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in cancer survivors: a trial within the Cancer Prevention Study-3 cohort.

Objective: The aims of this study, which uses a design, were to determine the efficacy of a web-based intervention to increase moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and decrease sedentary behaviour in cancer survivors.

Methods: Participants (n=415) in this trial were randomised 2:1 to an interactive physical activity website or a static balance and flexibility control website. Participants provided accelerometer data at baseline and at 3 (M3), 6 (M6) and 12 months (M12).

Analysis of more than 400,000 women provides case-control evidence for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification.

Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS.

Leisure-time physical activity after diagnosis and survival by cancer type: a pooled analysis.

Background: Evidence for potential mortality benefits of leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) for survivors of cancer types beyond breast and colorectal is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between postdiagnosis MVPA and all-cause mortality in participants with a history of 11 cancer types.

Methods: Data were pooled from 6 United States-based cohort studies.

A Prospective Study Consortium for the Discovery and Validation of Early Detection Markers for Ovarian Cancer - Baseline Findings for CA125.

Purpose: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal malignancy. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), the "best" available marker for detecting EOC, has insufficient sensitivity and specificity for earlier-stage disease and is not a meaningful screening tool, motivating the search for further biomarkers. Cancer biomarker discovery is enhanced by "omics" technologies.

Following the American Cancer Society guideline for cancer survivors and obesity-related cancer survival.

Background: In 2022, the American Cancer Society updated its guideline for cancer survivors. However, the impact of post-diagnosis adherence on mortality risk for those with obesity-related cancers remains unclear.

Methods: This study followed nonsmoking participants from the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort diagnosed with obesity-related cancers between 1992 and 2002 through 2020.

Overlap of high-risk individuals across family history, genetic & non-genetic breast cancer risk models: Analysis of 180,398 women from European & Asian ancestries.

Background: Breast cancer is multifactorial. Focusing on limited risk factors may miss high-risk individuals.

Methods: We assessed the performance and overlap of various risk factors in identifying high-risk individuals for invasive breast cancer (BrCa) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 161,849 European-ancestry and 18,549 Asian-ancestry women.

Physical Health Decline After Chemotherapy or Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Importance: Women with a history of breast cancer (BC) experience greater physical health decline compared with age-matched women without cancer. However, whether this decline differs in patients who received chemotherapy and endocrine therapy is not well understood.

Objective: To investigate physical health decline in BC survivors who received chemotherapy or endocrine therapy compared with age-matched women without cancer.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Pathogenic Variants in Cancer Susceptibility Genes Predispose to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between germline pathogenic variants (PV) in cancer predisposition genes and the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Experimental Design: Germline PV frequencies in breast cancer predisposition genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D) were compared between DCIS cases and unaffected controls and between DCIS and invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) cases from a clinical testing cohort (n = 9,887), a population-based cohort (n = 3,876), and the UK Biobank (n = 2,421). The risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) for DCIS cases with PV was estimated in the population-based cohort.

Excess Body Weight and the Risk of Second Primary Cancers Among Cancer Survivors.

Importance: Little is known about the causes of second primary cancers among individuals with a history of cancer. Descriptive studies have suggested that lifestyle factors, including excess body weight, may be important.

Objective: To investigate whether excess body weight is associated with the risk of a second primary malignant neoplasm among cancer survivors.

Length of Overnight Fasting and 6-year Weight Change in the Cancer Prevention Study-3.

Background: Longer overnight fasting (ONF) is a potential strategy for weight control. Although promising, the evidence from large population-based studies is limited.

Objectives: To examine the association of self-reported ONF duration with 3- and 6-y weight change in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3 prospective cohort.