Surface chemistry-driven lipase activation: insights from spectroscopy and molecular simulations.

Lipase conformational dynamics at carrier interfaces dictate biocatalytic performance, yet their structural adaptability and molecular underpinnings remain unclear. This study elucidates how reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface hydrophobicity modulates lipase activation through spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, unveiling enzyme-specific mechanisms. By tuning rGO reduction, we found that rGO-4 h optimally enhanced Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) activity by 201.

Artificial intelligence-assisted next-generation biomaterials: From design and preparation to medical applications.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) has marked a shift from traditional materials to the era of smart materials. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with biomaterials is transforming the biosensing and biomedical fields.

Biotechnological production of healthful conjugated fatty acids.

Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) are important for human health. They are traditionally obtained by extraction or chemical synthesis, but can alternatively be produced using biotechnology. Current efforts are aimed at improving the biotransformation process and capability for de novo biosynthesis.

Recent advances and multiple strategies for the synthesis of terpenoid fragrances and flavors in model microorganisms.

Terpenoids, known for their structural and functional diversity, play a significant role in various fields such as energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. With the increasing globalization of the fragrance and flavor market, there is an urgent need to develop microbial cell factories to sustainably produce terpenoids through fermentation using renewable raw materials. With advancements in biotechnology, constructing efficient microbial cell factories for the heterologous synthesis of terpenoids to meet production demands has become feasible.

Gut microbiota-mediated poly(ε-caprolactone) microplastic degradation exacerbates metabolic dysregulation.

As common biodegradable plastics (BPs), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was used in food packaging, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and tissue engineering, which can be easily broken down by environmental microorganisms into microplastics (MPs), leading to their exposure and accumulation in the human body. However, the adverse health effect resulting from exposure to PCL MPs remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the impact of PCL MPs on lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, and gut microbiota.

Advances in production and application technologies of minicells: A review.

Minicells are anucleate cells formed through asymmetric division at the poles of most rod-shaped bacteria. They lack chromosomes and are incapable of reproduction. This confers on minicells unique biological advantages, such as a higher content of cardiolipin in the cell membrane, retention of metabolic activity from the parent cells, and a reduced nucleocytoplasmic ratio, making minicells promising for applications in synthetic biology, agriculture, and medicine.

Genome sequence and chitinases repertoire of the Chitinibacter sp. strain GC72: Heterologous expression and characterization of the chitinase (Chi1) for degradation of chitinous waste.

In this work, a GH18 chitinase (Chi1) with highly hydrolytic activity was identified from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant Chi1 exhibited specific activities of 362.

Selenized polysaccharides from Pteridium aquilinum: Fractionation, characterization, activities in vitro and mechanism insights.

The effects of selenium (Se) modifications on the structural characteristics and biological activities of Pteridium aquilinum polysaccharides (PAPs) were investigated. Two derivatives, SePAP1 and SePAP2 (SePAP1-2), with Se contents of 7035.48 ± 148.

Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid: current status and future perspectives.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has received much attention for its beneficial physiological effects, particularly anticancer and metabolic control activity. However, traditional sources rely on extraction and chemical synthesis, both of which are not commercially viable. This article describes the research progress on sustainable alternative biosynthesis methods for the production of CLA, which is an attractive approach for commercial production because of its high stereoselectivity and convenient purification process.

Densifying lignocellulosic biomass with sodium hydroxide provides stable quality feedstock for ethanol production without high temperature and high pressure processes.

Pretreatment is a key step in the formation of biofuels and has pervasive impacts on other major operation steps in the overall biorefinery. Nevertheless, low bulk density, microbial contamination, inefficient processing and high-temperature or high-pressure operations during pretreatment cause huge problems for biomass logistics and biomass conversion. In this work, we developed a novel, efficient and easy-to-operate pretreatment technology: Densifying lignocellulosic biomass with sodium hydroxide (DLC(sh)) for corn stover (CS).

Isoliquiritin suppressed LPS/CuSO-induced pro-inflammatory response on RAW264.7 cell and zebrafish.

Aim Of This Study: Isoliquiritin (ISL) as one of bioactive flavonoid from licorice was reported to have bioactivities. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of ISL on RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish and reveal its possible anti-inflammatory mechanism.

Biochar-microorganisms hybrid enhanced anaerobic digestion: Innovative insight considering electron transfer potential and functional network of microorganisms.

Immobilizing microorganisms on biochar is potential method to regulate the electron transfer capacity. This study developed biochar-microorganism hybrids via pre-coupling for anaerobic digestion (AD) of high-load organic wastewater. Compared with uncoupled groups, the methane yield of pre-coupled groups increased by 26.

Repurposing AZD-5991 for inhibiting growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting the cell membrane and targeting FabI.

Unlabelled: infections have emerged as a global public health threat. Two key factors—drug resistance and biofilm formation—substantially impair the efficacy of the antimicrobial treatment for infections using conventional antibiotics. Consequently, discovering novel antimicrobial agents with potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity has become a hotspot in recent years.

Inorganic-bacterial biohybrids for efficient solar-driven nitrogen fixation.

The integration of microbial nitrogen (N) fixation with photochemical processes using inorganic light-absorbing nanomaterials is a burgeoning field in sustainable energy production. Here, we explore the synergistic combination of inorganic semiconductor nanowires (NWs) with whole-cell microorganisms to create an inorganic-bacterial biohybrid system. Specifically, we employ CuO@TiO NWs with a core/shell structure to harness sunlight and generate photoexcited electrons.

Efficacy and safety of sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer is a leading global cause of cancer mortality, with poor survival in locally advanced stages. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like sintilimab have improved outcomes in advanced disease, their role as neoadjuvant therapy remains understudied. This study investigates sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel/S-1 as preoperative treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), addressing an unmet need for effective neoadjuvant strategies.

Effect of copper exposure on the silkworm Bombyx mori: Insights into the changes of metabolism, gut microbial composition and gene expression.

Copper (Cu), a trace element with crucial roles in physiological processes, can exert detrimental effects when imbalanced. Despite growing research on Cu's impacts on biota, its effects on terrestrial organisms, particularly insects, at environmental concentrations remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced damage in silkworms (Bombyx mori L.

A Review: Using Ionic Liquids for Lignin Extraction from Lignocellulose and High-Value Utilization.

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource in nature, providing a large supply of lignin. The efficient separation and utilization of lignin from lignocellulose can help alleviate the current shortage of fossil fuels. Ionic liquids, as green solvents, have been widely applied in the field of biorefining.

Modular Design of a Copper Ion Biosensor Based on the MAPK Signaling Pathway in .

Copper ion poses serious threats to both the environment and human health. To develop a yeast biosensor with reduced background noise and enhanced detection sensitivity, we constructed a quorum-sensing module with amplified positive feedback. This biosensor employs a copper ion-pheromone communication system, which allows haploid -type yeast () to express the α-pheromone gene () under the control of the copper ion-inducible promoter .

Regioreversed Carbosulfenylation of Fluoroalkenes via Nickel-Mediated Radical Sorting.

Carbosulfenylation of olefins represents an important class of reactions for the synthesis of structurally diverse organosulfur compounds. Previous studies typically yield 1,2-regioselectivity. In the context of diversity-oriented synthesis, accessing the regioreversed products is desirable, significantly broadening the scope of these reactions.

Preparation and characterization of immobilized mannanase on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

Galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), composed of 2-10 mannose units linked with β-1, 4 glycosidic bond as the main chain and galactose linked with α-1, 6 glycosidic bond as the side chain, are crucial for probiotic food synthesis due to their ability to promote the growth and activity of beneficial intestinal microbiota, enhance the host immune system, and improve nutrient digestion. GMOS is usually obtained by hydrolyzing plants such as locust bean gum and guar gum with mannanase. β-mannanase ManA from Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp.

Gold and Bismuth Trimetallic Synergistic Redox Catalysis for Non-Directed C─H Arylation with Aryl Bismuth.

The influence of substituent effects plays an important role on the efficiency and regioselectivity toward C─H activation of non-directed arenes. Here, an unprecedented trimetallic synergistic redox catalysis system has been developed to achieve a highly efficient and orthogonal C─H arylation of non-directed arenes with aryl bismuth. Both electron-rich and -deficient aryl bismuth can proceed C─H arylation readily, thus affording an elegant strategy for the synthesis of challenging electron-rich and sterically hindered biaryls by means of gold catalysis.

Silver-Mediated Dual Oxidation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls for Migration-Annulation.

A new type of radical cascade reaction has been reported, by which free radicals were generated twice successively through the implementation of dual oxidation on a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound in a single operation, thereby realizing a conceptually novel alkynyl migration-annulation mode. The reaction involved addition, 1,2-alkynyl migration, and 4-/6- bicyclization under mild reaction conditions, offering an efficient route to tetrahydrocyclobuta[]naphthalene in good yields. Control experiments revealed migration products as key intermediates and elucidated the step sequence in these transformations.

Mechanistic Studies of Pd-Catalyzed β- and γC(sp)-H Arylations and the Computational Design of Bidentate Pyridone Ligands.

This study outlines a detailed reaction mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed β-C(sp)-H arylation of free carboxylic acids, which unfolds through three distinct stages: (i) ligand-driven β-C(sp)-H activation, leading to the formation of the five-memberedring intermediate ; (ii) oxidative addition of to Pd of , resulting in the Pd(IV) complex ; and (iii) reductive elimination, which produces the desired arylated product and regenerates the active species for the next catalytic cycle. Notably, the oxidative addition step, with a free energy barrier of 28.5 kcal/mol, is identified as the rate-determining step (RDS) of the entire catalysis.

The Role of Lysine Dihydroxyisobutyrylation in Dendrobium huoshanese Under Low-Temperature by Proteomic Analysis.

The involvement of lysine dihydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), a recently identified post-translational modification in plant responses to low temperature stress, is unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive chloroplast proteome-wide dihydroxyisobutyrylation analysis in Dendrobium huoshanense to explore the potential function of Khib modification in response to low-temperature stress. We identified a total of 13,040 Khib sites in 3281 chloroplast proteins that were significantly differentially regulated under low-temperature stress.

Recent advances and future perspectives of long-acting ophthalmic preparations (LAOPs) in clinical applications.

The intricate structure of ocular barriers significantly impedes drug penetration, leading to suboptimal efficacy of conventional ophthalmic formulations. Sustained/controlled-release long-acting ophthalmic preparations (LAOPs) address these limitations by prolonging drug retention, reducing dosing frequency, and enhancing therapeutic precision. This review categorizes clinically validated LAOPs by administration route, highlighting both market-approved products and investigational candidates in ongoing clinical trials.