From Carbon Nitrides to COFs: Opportunities and Prospects in Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

The continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), a major greenhouse gas and accelerating climate change are driving demand for innovative mitigation strategies. The photocatalytic CO reduction reaction (PCORR) presents a promising and sustainable route to convert CO into useful hydrocarbons and fuels utilizing sunlight, thereby mitigating CO emissions. This review examines the developmental aspects of light-driven CO conversion using organic polymeric photocatalysts, focusing on carbon nitrides (CNs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs).

Is integrative therapy of traditional Chinese medicine and progesterone capsule more effective than monotherapies in oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea? Evidence based on a multi-center randomized controlled trial and metabolomic profile.

Background And Objectives: Oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea were common conditions in outpatient visit which affected child-bearing aged women, and the conventional progesterone treatment has been related to several side effect and contradiction, and this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), progesterone capsules, and their combination in treating oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea both clinical and metabolomic approach.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, multi-center trial has been conducted, and a total of 239 oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea were randomly assigned to receive TCM, progesterone capsules (PG), or the combined Chinese and Western medicine (COM) and treated from 3 months, respectively. Scores were recorded at 1 and 3 month of treatment, while the seral samples for sex hormone and safety parameters were taken before and after management, with adverse events recorded.

Host-directed therapeutic targets in macrophages and their ligands against mycobacteria tuberculosis.

Although current combination regimens of antibiotics have significantly improved tuberculosis (TB) cure rates, substantial challenges persist in the global effort to end TB. These include poor patient compliance, the emergence of drug-resistant strains due to prolonged treatments, and the persistence of latent TB infections. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) have emerged as a promising complementary strategy, leveraging the modulation of host immune responses to combat (Mtb).

Combined metformin and exenatide versus only metformin treatments in polycystic ovary syndrome with abdominal obesity and network pharmacology of gene expression: evidence from a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate (1) the metabolic and endocrine effects of metformin combined with exenatide versus only metformin treatments in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and abdominal obesity (AO) and (2) to determine the molecular mechanisms by which the combined treatment acts on PCOS patients.

Design: Randomized controlled trial of PCOS patients with AO to receive combined treatment with metformin-exenatide or metformin alone, and network pharmacology of gene expression in PCOS patients under the combined exposure.

Setting: Tertiary teaching hospital.

Searching the flat band throughout the entire Brillouin zone in photonic crystals based on V-shaped dielectric pillars.

In this work, we theoretically simulated the photonic band structures of the proposed photonic crystal based on two-dimensional V-shaped dielectric pillars with the same V-direction and opposite V-direction. The flat-band behavior throughout the entire Brillouin zone was investigated by analyzing the bandwidth variations with optimized parameters and other performances such as electric field distribution and group index. The bandwidth can reach the minimum value of /2=0.

Design of a four-channel demultiplexer based on photonic crystals with an ultra-high quality factor.

In this paper, a four-channel demultiplexer based on photonic crystals with an ultra-high quality factor is realized by simulation. The plane-wave expansion and finite element method are used to characterize the photonic band structure and investigate the optical propagation behaviors, respectively. Through optimizing the resonator structure and material parameters, the ultra-high quality factor of 9082 can be obtained.

The association between exercise addiction and mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: This study examined the relationship between exercise addiction (EA) and various mental health problems, including eating disorders, body image disturbance, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, anxiety, depression, stress, and emotional dysregulation.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. Random-effects models were employed using the R program, with effect sizes expressed as correlation coefficients (r).

Early-Life Arsenic Exposure Induces Histone H3K9 Methylation Causing PANoptosis and Neurodevelopmental Impairments in Offspring.

Arsenic exposure is well-established to cause neurotoxicity, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of early-life arsenic exposure on the nervous system of offspring. Female mice were exposed to NaAsO₂, and alterations in learning, memory, and hippocampal lesions in offspring were assessed.

Two-dimensional buffer breaks substrate limit in III-nitrides epitaxy.

Expanding the diversity of substrate materials for the growth of single-crystalline films enables the heterointegration of electronic and optoelectronic devices in modern semiconductor industry. However, the substrate materials are restricted to those having matched single-crystalline lattices with the epilayers, thereby making the use of non-single-crystalline substrates infeasible. Here, we report an epitaxy strategy for the wafer-scale growth of high-quality single-crystalline gallium nitride (GaN) on an amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO) substrate.

Joint exposure to PM, warm-season heat, and sedentary behavior accelerates incident lung cancer in ageing Chinese adults: evidence from CHARLS.

Objective: Joint exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₂․₅) and prolonged sedentary behavior in later life may erode physiological reserve and hasten carcinogenesis, yet evidence quantifying their combined impact on incident lung cancer among older Chinese adults is sparse. We investigated whether co-occurrence of high ambient PM₂․₅ and extensive sitting time accelerates incident lung cancer in a nationally representative cohort.

Methods: We analyzed 10,532 adults aged ≥45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018).

Nuclear export of transmembrane protein PROM2 is specially regulated by CRM1 and affects the sensitivity of ferroptosis in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) exhibits high mortality and poor prognosis, with ferroptosis playing a critical role in its progression. More recent research suggests that PROM2 are closely associated with MVBs (Multivesicular Bodies) which is essential to ferroptosis, and may represent key molecules involved in the resistance of tumor cells to ferroptosis.

Methods: The study employed RSL3-induced ferroptosis models to analyze mitochondrial damage, ROS accumulation, and iron dysregulation.

Densifying lignocellulosic biomass with sodium hydroxide provides stable quality feedstock for ethanol production without high temperature and high pressure processes.

Pretreatment is a key step in the formation of biofuels and has pervasive impacts on other major operation steps in the overall biorefinery. Nevertheless, low bulk density, microbial contamination, inefficient processing and high-temperature or high-pressure operations during pretreatment cause huge problems for biomass logistics and biomass conversion. In this work, we developed a novel, efficient and easy-to-operate pretreatment technology: Densifying lignocellulosic biomass with sodium hydroxide (DLC(sh)) for corn stover (CS).

Semi-polar (20-21) GaN microwire LED fabricated by laser lift-off and mechanical bending.

Due to the lack of a suitable substrate, high-quality semi-polar GaN is usually obtained through overgrowth on a patterned substrate, which endows the epitaxial film with an approximately periodic trend in both surface morphology and defect distribution. This study utilizes these periodic properties in semi-polar (20-21) LED, to fabricated semi-polar (20-21) microwire LED with the processes of laser lift-off and mechanical bending. The obtained semi-polar (20-21) microwire has a length of hundred micrometers, with a residual stress of 207 MPa after separation.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies MMP11 Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as Drivers of Angiogenesis and Bladder Cancer Progression.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in tumor progression, with heterogeneity influencing therapeutic response and prognosis, highlighting their potential as viable targets for treatment. In this study, a novel CAF subgroup, MMP11 mCAF is identified, through single-cell RNA sequencing, which accumulates progressively during bladder cancer progression and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. This cell population regulates the migration of tip endothelial cell clusters (ESM1tEC) via the WNT5A-MCAM signaling axis, and modulates the expression of key transcription factors, SOX18, NFIC, and HOXB9.

Systematic analysis of gout burden among young adults in China from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Gout, a disabling inflammatory arthritis, closely linked to metabolic diseases such as hyperuricemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, is increasingly prevalent among young adults in China. Understanding the burden of gout and its risk factors among young adults in China is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) on gout prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among young adults (individuals aged 15-39 years) in China from 1990 to 2021.

Deep reinforcement learning control as an innovative approach for urban drainage systems: review and prospects.

Urban drainage systems (UDSs) are vital for managing stormwater and wastewater but face growing challenges due to urbanization, climate change and aging infrastructure. Real-time control (RTC) enhances UDSs' performance and circumvents the need for system upgrades through adaptive management and repurposing existing systems. Meanwhile, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising tool to improve decision-making, stability in the dynamic, nonlinear and dimensional environments.

Elevated Hsa-miR-335-5p impairs trophoblast function and fetal growth in preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication associated with abnormal placental development and fetal growth restriction. Despite progress in understanding PE, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Exosomal miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-335-5p, have been implicated in the regulation of placental function, but their exact role in PE requires further investigation.

Dual-mode operation of GaN-based p-i-n diodes for electroluminescent emission and self-powered photodetection.

The integration of light-emitting displays and photodetectors into a single device is increasingly attractive for the development of multifunctional and energy-efficient systems. In this study, we present a gallium nitride (GaN) based photodetection light-emitting diode (pdLED) capable of dual-mode operation through simple bias control. Under forward bias, the pdLED functions as an efficient light emitter, achieving a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) and a wall plug efficiency (WPE) of 21.

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing.

Background: Nanjing City has a high-incidence gastric cancer (GC), but the epidemiology of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, GPLs, and GCs in patients undergoing endoscopic examination in Lishui District, Nanjing.

Unveiling the hidden ocular risks of isotretinoin: a comprehensive FAERS-Based analysis.

Objective: While extensive research has been conducted on isotretinoin's systemic side effects, studies focusing on its ocular side effects remain limited and often lack substantial sample sizes. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of isotretinoin-related ocular toxicity using data from the FAERS spanning 2004 to 2024.

Methods: After excluding duplicate and incomplete records from the FAERS database, we identified 760 eye-related adverse event reports from a total of 45,258 isotretinoin-related entries.

Pancreatic body and hepatic fat content predict impaired glucose regulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more prone to glucose metabolism abnormalities, likely due to increased visceral adiposity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of pancreatic and hepatic fat content with glucose metabolism in PCOS.

Design And Setting: This study included 160 women with PCOS.

Real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of drug-related cataracts using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Objective: Although numerous drugs have been associated with cataracts, the risk for most drugs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for drug-induced cataracts by analyzing large-scale data from the U.S.

Metabolic Implications of Elevated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Focus on Hepatic Glycolysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility but also a metabolic disorder, frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. However, its etiology remains inadequately understood. Recent studies have increasingly implicated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection on Metal Surfaces Based on Frequency Domain Information Fusion.

Metal products are widely used in industrial manufacturing, and the quality of metal products is becoming more and more demanding. At present, although there are many methods for detecting defects on metal surfaces, there are still various limitations. The limited number of defect samples, unpredictable defect characteristics, and the interference of metal grain bring great challenges to metal surface defect detection.

Immunocompetent tumor-on-a-chip: A translational tool for drug screening and cancer therapy.

Tumor is one of the major diseases endangering human health while establishing an efficient in vitro tumor microenvironment (TME) model, which is an effective way to reveal the nature of the tumor and develop therapeutic methods. In recent years, due to the continuous development of lab-on-a-chip technology and tumor biology, various tumor-on-a-chip models applied to oncology research have emerged. Among them, the Immunotherapy-on-a-chip (ITOC) platform stands out with its ability to reflect immunological behavior in the TME.