A multi-channel integrated auditory function test system.

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) remains the gold standard for evaluating hearing function in both animal models and humans. Features of ABR, including threshold, wave I amplitude and latency are critical for diagnosing and investigating the mechanisms of hearing loss. Critically, the rapid proliferation of genetically engineered mouse models in hearing research has created an imperative demand for high-throughput ABR testing capabilities.

Effects of imperatorin on chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: Periodontitis is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. Imperatorin is a traditional Chinese medicinal compound recognized for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-tumor properties. Nevertheless, the impact of imperatorin on chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unexplored.

PMGT-VR: a Decentralized Proximal-gradient Algorithmic Framework with Variance Reduction.

This paper considers the decentralized composite optimization problem. We propose a novel decentralized variance-reduction proximal-gradient algorithmic framework, called PMGT-VR, which combines several techniques, including multi-consensus, gradient tracking, and variance reduction. The proposed framework imitates centralized algorithms and algorithms under this framework achieve convergence rates similar to that of their centralized counterparts.

Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Levoglucosenone-Derived Enyne Monomers.

Levoglucosenone () has emerged as a versatile synthon in target-oriented synthesis due to its availability from cellulose. While its functionality and chirality have found direct use as a small molecule building block, translation to polymerization has been more challenging. Monomers derived from have been difficult to polymerize through conventional chain-growth approaches due to lack of ring strain and steric hindrance.

Mechanisms for fibrate lipid-lowering drugs in enhancing bladder cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting CD276 expression.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the growth-inhibitory effects of fibrate lipid-lowering drugs on bladder cancer cells and their underlying mechanisms, with a focus on exploring how fenofibrate (FNF) exerts antitumor effects by regulating mitochondrial function, the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and the immune regulatory molecule CD276.

Methods: The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the growth inhibition rates of FNF, bezafibrate (BZF), and clofibric acid (CLF) on MB49 cells and calculate their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity assays, ADP/ATP ratio analysis, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe staining, and JC-1 staining were employed to evaluate the effects of FNF on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.

Recyclable luminescent solar concentrator from lead-free perovskite derivative.

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) offer a sustainable approach to power generation using fluorescent glasses, yet their green industrialization is impeded by the limited production scale and non-recyclability of embedded nanocrystals. Here, we introduce a lead-free perovskite derivative ETPSbCl (ETP = (CH)PCH) with a reversible transition between powder and glass states. Through molecular dynamics and density functional theory, we elucidate the possible structural distortions of [SbCl] pyramids and their impact on luminescence.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in diseases: implications for therapy.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger signal molecules released by damaged, stressed or dead cells that bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune responses and inflammatory signaling pathways to play critical regulatory roles in various pathophysiological processes. This review classifies DAMPs into three major categories (protein-based, nucleic acid-based and mitochondria-derived) based on distinct molecular characteristics and biological functions, analyzing their structural features and functional differences. We systematically summarize current understanding of DAMP molecular transformation mechanisms, release pathways and recognition processes, with in-depth discussion of their pathological roles in major diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders.

Light-driven lattice soft microrobot with multimodal locomotion.

Untethered microrobots hold significant promise in fields such as bionics, biomedicine, and micromechanics. However, replicating the diverse movements of natural microorganisms in artificial microrobots presents a considerable challenge. This paper introduces a laser-based approach that utilizes lattice metamaterials to enhance the deformability of hydrogel-based microrobots, resulting in untethered light-driven lattice soft microrobots (LSMR).

Ultrafast transient s-SNOM nanoscopic measurement of charge transfer between a ruthenium complex and a MoS monolayer.

We studied exciton diffusion and charge transfer between a metal-organic complex and a MoS monolayer using transient s-SNOM nanoscopy. Measuring vibrational ground state bleach dynamics, we found an exciton diffusion rate of ∼8 × 10 cm s. Nanoscale resolution avoids spatial averaging errors, offering insights for optimizing excitonic processes in light-harvesting devices.

Targeted Delivery of CD34 Aptamer-Coupled Tocilizumab Microspheres for Effective Treatment of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder linked to Graves' disease (GD) that is characterized by inflammation and remodeling of orbital tissues. This study focuses on the use of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based microspheres (MS) coupled with CD34-specific aptamers to enhance the targeted delivery of Tocilizumab (Toc), an IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, to CD34+ orbital fibroblasts, which is a critical cell type implicated in TAO.

Methods: The flow cytometry and aptamer-mediated pull-down assays were applied to detect the affinity of CD34 aptamers (Apts) for CD34+ orbital fibroblasts.

Femtosecond laser constructed bioinspired gradient wedge-shaped surfaces for under-oil liquid self-transport.

The spontaneous transport of liquids holds significant application potential in biomedicine, heat dissipation, microfluidic chips, and so forth. In particular, under-oil liquid self-transport is a significant pathway for manipulating volatile liquids. Although numerous functional surfaces have been developed to facilitate the directional self-transport of liquids (, water, oil) in air, reports on the self-transport of liquids in oily environments remain scarce.

Tip-enhanced nanocavities amplify the sum frequency generation.

Tip-enhanced vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated. Incorporation with the plasmon cavities leads to significant signal amplification-up to 14 orders of magnitude.

Integrated multi-omics profiling of immune microenvironment and drug resistance signatures for precision prognosis in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a significant cause of mortality among men, with treatment resistance often influenced by the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aims to develop an immune-centric prognostic model that correlates TME dynamics, genomic instability, and the heterogeneity of drug resistance in PCa. Multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were integrated, encompassing transcriptomic profiles of 554 TCGA-PRAD samples and 329 external validation samples.

Combined metformin and exenatide versus only metformin treatments in polycystic ovary syndrome with abdominal obesity and network pharmacology of gene expression: evidence from a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate (1) the metabolic and endocrine effects of metformin combined with exenatide versus only metformin treatments in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and abdominal obesity (AO) and (2) to determine the molecular mechanisms by which the combined treatment acts on PCOS patients.

Design: Randomized controlled trial of PCOS patients with AO to receive combined treatment with metformin-exenatide or metformin alone, and network pharmacology of gene expression in PCOS patients under the combined exposure.

Setting: Tertiary teaching hospital.

Global research trends in gut microbiota and cellular senescence: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2015 to 2025.

Background: The human body's intestinal microbiota is a vital "organ" that coexists with it and is intimately linked to both human health and illness. Human intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are a crucial component in the development of several diseases, according to an increasing number of studies that have started to examine the function of intestinal microbiota in various illnesses. Numerous recent studies have also shown a direct relationship between cellular senescence and the gut flora.

Overcoming energy disorder for cavity-enabled energy transfer in vibrational polaritons.

Energy disorder is ubiquitous in chemistry and physics. It can suppress polariton delocalization by disrupting molecular coherence-limiting polariton-modified properties. We investigated how energy disorders affect vibrational polariton dynamics by probing ultrafast dynamics in 2,6-di--butylphenol in liquids (inhomogeneous) and solids (homogeneous) using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.

Photo-Triggerable Polymerization and Depolymerization of Stiff-Stilbene Lactones.

The development of photoswitchable polymers has unlocked new avenues for controlling polymerization and depolymerization through external stimuli. In this work, we introduce a strategy that integrates stiff-stilbene-based cyclic monomers with reversible / photoisomerization to dynamically modulate the ring strain of monomers for ring-opening polymerization (ROP). A series of stiff-stilbene lactones with varying linker lengths were synthesized and systematically evaluated for their polymerization behavior.

Targeting ATF4-DDIT4/TXNIP induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis: ISRIB as novel therapy for septic cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a reversible lesion in the early clinical stage, but often induces a high mortality rate in the late stage, and its specific mechanism is unknown. Thus, in-depth exploration of the biological progression mechanism of SIC plays a crucial role.

Methods: Through co-immunoprecipitation and molecular biological experiments, the functional interaction relationship between DDIT4 and TXNIP was clarified, and the effect of DDIT4/TXNIP on the progression of SIC was investigated both in vitro/vivo.

Translation Reprogramming Caused by tRNA Modifications Represents a New Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment.

Translation reprogramming-induced dysregulation of protein synthesis is a widespread phenomenon in disease progression, especially in tumor cells, where there is abnormally active protein synthesis to support the increasing demands of oncogene expression. This aberrant translation process contributes to various malignant phenotypes of tumors. In the process of protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) transport amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence on mRNA to synthesize the corresponding peptide chain.

Hypotension prediction index in the prediction of better outcomes: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The hypotension prediction index (HPI) is an algorithm designed to predict hypotension. Some studies have reported that HPI-guided hemodynamic management strategies decrease intraoperative hypotension and complications; however, the effect of HPI on reducing perioperative complications are controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of the HPI in reducing major complications and intraoperative hypotension.

Aerobic granular sludge: Formation mechanism, accelerating granulation strategies, and emerging applications.

Industry, pharmaceuticals and catering all generate large amounts of complex wastewater that urgently requires effective treatment. Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) has emerged as a transformative technology in sustainable wastewater treatment, characterized by its compact structure, high biomass retention and multiple pollutants removal capability. The unique spatial layered structure allows AGS to simultaneously remove COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants from wastewater in a single reactor.

MiR-138 reprograms dental pulp stem cells into GABAergic neurons via the GATAD2B/MTA3/WNTs axis for stroke treatment.

Prolonged periods of ischemia and hypoxia pose significant challenges to exogenous stem cell transplantation, including minimal cell survival, varied differentiation, and poor integration with existing neural networks. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are an important choice for stem cell treatment for their excellent potential of neural differentiation and easy accessibility. Stable overexpression of miR-138 in DPSCs were injected into MCAO model mice via brain stereotaxic localization to explore the therapeutic effect on stroke and the related mechanisms by trans-synaptic viral tracing, immunostaining, bioinformatics analysis, behavioral tests and electrophysiological assays.

Hormetic Effects of the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos Counteract the Adverse Effects of a Heat Spike Both within and across Generations in a Freshwater Rotifer.

While interactions between pesticides and global warming are increasingly recognized, their transgenerational interactive effects remain unexplored. Additionally, ecotoxicological studies rarely consider environmentally relevant low concentrations of pesticides that may induce hormetic effects, whose potential to mitigate adverse impacts of global warming remains unknown. We sequentially exposed the freshwater rotifer to a 12 h heat spike (32 °C) followed by a 36 h exposure to a hormetic concentration of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (50 μg/L) in the parental generation and assessed the effects in the parental and the unexposed (grand-)offspring generations.

Real-time high-accuracy 3D facial (micro) expression measurement based on pre-aligned micro-projection arrays.

In the field of psychological analysis, the ability to measure high-precision 3D facial (micro) expression sequence data is crucial for understanding emotions and psychological states in specific contexts. However, the real-time high-precision acquisition of continuous 3D facial data still faces challenges due to the limitations of DLP technology in terms of integration, spectral range, cost, and projection rate. This paper introduces a compact, cost-effective, and high-speed infrared pre-aligned micro-projection array (PAMPA) projector to overcome these limitations.

Improving the data transmission rates for optical wireless communication by surface passivation of CsPbBr quantum dots.

Quantum dots (QDs) preserve short photoluminescence (PL) lifetime and are widely developed for optical wireless communication (OWC). However, QDs often suffer from surface defects that limit their performance. In this work, we investigate the impact of post-treatment with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and on the OWC performance of QDs.