Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer treatment measures can lead to reduced fertility and premature ovarian failure in women of childbearing age (WCBA), resulting in a major global burden. This study aimed to assess the global, regional and national burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in WCBA and to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive information available on WCBA CRC.

Methods: Four main indicators, including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs, related to CRC in WCBA were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021.

The value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of periampullary mass.

Background: Periampullary masses encompass both benign and malignant lesions that are clinically challenging to differentiate. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CH-EUS) for periampullary masses and compare its performance with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 54 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant periampullary masses or benign lesions validated by ≥1-year follow-up.

Enhancing Thermostability of a Highly Active Chitinase Chi1 Through Semirational Design for Efficient Chitin Hydrolysis.

In this study, a semirational design strategy integrating sequence and structural analyses was utilized to improve the thermostability of the highly active chitinase Chi1. Comprehensive screening for thermostability and enzymatic activity led to the identification of a beneficial mutant, D615S. Thermostability evaluations demonstrated that the half-life of the D615S mutant at 40 and 45 °C was prolonged by 3.

RNAi-based antiviral immunity.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism mediated by small RNAs derived from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), capable of silencing specific genes. Following viral invasion, the dsRNA produced during viral replication is cleaved by the host cell's Dicer protein, generating virus-derived small interfering RNAs (virus-derived small interference RNAs, vsiRNA). These vsiRNAs then guide the cleavage and degradation of viral RNA the RNAi pathway, exerting an antiviral effect.

Characterization and source analysis of VOCs and PM species in Lanzhou, northwestern China in 2017-2021: Implications for pollution control strategies.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common precursors of ozone (O) and PM pollution. This study analyzed the characteristics, sources, and chemical effects of VOCs and PM from 2017 to 2021 in Lanzhou, China-a complex environment affected by petrochemicals and dust. The study used the photochemical-age-based parametric method, the positive matrix factorization model, and formation potential estimation.

Hypo-electronegativity Atoms Induce Bader Charge Enrichment on the Pt Surface to Promote Ampere-Level Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation.

The efficient development of electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation anodes represents a critical challenge which hinders the commercialization of direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) and the realization of energy transition goals. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts play a key role in ammonia oxidation reactions (AOR); however, their reaction kinetics are sluggish at low temperatures and are susceptible to toxicity from intermediate species such as *N, which limits their applicability at ampere-level currents. Drawing inspiration from the "stepwise dehydrogenation mechanism" and the concept of "Bader charge", we have designed a hypo-electronegativity atom mediated Pt-based high-entropy alloy regulation strategy.

Licochalcone D mitigates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced ferroptosis of neurons through COX2 inhibition.

Objective: This study aims to assess LCD's neuroprotective pharmacological effects against SBI post-ICH and identify its ferroptosis-inhibiting targets.

Methods: Animal models of ICH and cellular models of SBI were established. Subsequently, gradient concentrations of LCD were administered at both the animal and cellular/molecular levels.

A dual-antibody sandwich immunoassay using upconversion nanoparticles and magnetic beads for fibrinogen detection.

Fibrinogen is a vital biomarker for coagulation disorders, with reduced levels increasing bleeding risk and mortality, requiring rapid detection for early diagnosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly employed in clinical environments; however, its prolonged processing duration and insufficient sensitivity hinder its utility for swift diagnostics. We addressed these limitations by creating a dual-antibody sandwich immunoassay that employs upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and magnetic beads (MBs) for the precise and sensitive detection of fibrinogen.

Time-series metatranscriptomics reveals differential salinity effects on the methanogenic food web in paddy soil.

Saltwater intrusion and sea level rise (SWISLR) threaten coastal agroecosystems, yet their impact on the methanogenic food web in rice paddies remains virtually unknown. Using "double-RNA" metatranscriptomics (rRNA, mRNA), we investigated salinity effects on the methanogenic community in straw-amended slurries following different preincubation periods. Our results demonstrate that salt stress significantly inhibits methane (CH) production, with the degree of inhibition varying by the community's successional stage.

Genome sequence and chitinases repertoire of the Chitinibacter sp. strain GC72: Heterologous expression and characterization of the chitinase (Chi1) for degradation of chitinous waste.

In this work, a GH18 chitinase (Chi1) with highly hydrolytic activity was identified from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant Chi1 exhibited specific activities of 362.

The T1 mapping and T2 mapping of lateral pterygoid muscle: a quantitative analysis in patients with acute and chronic temporomandibular joint disorders.

Objective: The study aimed to quantitatively assess the signal changes in the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) of patients with acute and chronic temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) using T1 mapping and T2 mapping techniques, and to explore the correlation between these changes and clinical symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five acute TMD patients, 121 chronic TMD patients, and 19 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this prospective study. T1 mapping and T2 mapping sequences were acquired to obtain T1 and T2 values of the superior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle (SHLP) and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle (IHLP).

Predictive Value of Perivascular Space Network and Choroid Plexus for Levodopa Responsiveness in Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Purpose: Inter-individual variability in levodopa responsiveness complicates personalized treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have suggested that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based indices of the perivascular space (PVS) and choroid plexus (CP) volume may be related to levodopa responsiveness. This study integrated multiple MRI indices, including CP volume, free water (FW) fraction, PVS volume fraction (PVSVF), and diffusion tensor imaging along the PVS (DTI-ALPS), to investigate their associations with levodopa responsiveness.

Effect of EGCG-histidine complexes on high-dose EGCG-induced deterioration of myofibrillar protein emulsification and emulsion gel properties.

Histidine covalently bind to Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to form stable EGCG-histidine (EH) complexes. EH complexes protected meat gels from EGCG damage, however, the improvement of emulsification and gel quality with EGCG has not been studied. Therefore, the study aimed to ameliorate this negative effect by utilizing the EH complexes.

Identification of disulfidptosis-related prognostic biomarkers associated with CD4 + and CD8 + T cells infiltration for sarcoma by integrating bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation.

Recently identified, disulfidptosis represents a novel form of cell death triggered by disulfide stress. The impact of disulfidptosis-related gene (DRG) patterns on the clinical prognosis of sarcoma, however, remains unexplored. In this study, two prognostic genes related to DRGs, CCDC69 and HMGB3, were found, and a prognosis prediction models of sarcoma subtypes was developed.

IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells promote resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors in HRHER2 breast cancer via CX3CR1 macrophages.

Resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/CDK6) inhibitors leads to treatment failure and disease progression in women with hormone receptorHER2 (HRHER2) breast cancer (BC). We delineated a hypoxia-sensitive, CCL2-dependent pathway recruiting interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-secreting γδ T cells to mouse HRHER2 BCs following CDK4/CDK6 inhibition, resulting in repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward an immunosuppressive CX3CR1 phenotype associated with resistance. Increased IL-17A signaling and intratumoral γδ T cell abundance positively correlated with advanced grade and/or reduced survival in two cohorts of individuals with HRHER2 BC.

Soil and litter emission sources as important contributors to ozone production from volatile organic compounds in island tropical forests.

While studies have confirmed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted directly by tropical island forest vegetation significantly influence ozone (O) production and climate change through atmospheric oxidation processes, the environmental effects of long-neglected soil and litter emission sources as key potential contributors to VOCs, particularly their driving mechanisms in near-surface O pollution formation, remain understudied. This investigation combines field observations with machine learning models to investigate the emission characteristics, sources, and contributions of VOCs from tropical island forests to O and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The results reveal discrepancies between traditional ozone formation potential (OFP) estimates and machine learning-based assessments.

Bader Charge Balance Mechanism Realizes Industrial-Grade Current Hydrogen Production.

The hydrogen production technology of water splitting under a high current density is the key to solve the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy. However, it is difficult for existing catalysts to exhibit bifunctional high-current activity in the same electrolyzer, considering that the bimetallic site can endow the catalytic material asymmetry and heterogeneity and then change the intrinsic electronic structure. Herein, we constructed a La-Fe dual-site coupled self-assembled membrane electrode (D-LaFe-SAME), and the introduction of the dual site reduced the Bader charge value of the La site from 0.

Single-dose radiotherapy is more effective than fractionation when combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common adult primary brain tumor, has an average survival of only 15-18 months. Recently, the combination of immune checkpoint blockers paired with radiotherapy has shown promise in preclinical murine GBM models. Human clinical trials have largely failed.

A dual-mode detection strategy for alkaline phosphatase activity based on dimeric G-quadruplex.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important hydrolase found in mammalian tissues and plays a crucial role in numerous fundamental physiological processes within organisms by means of dephosphorylation. From a clinical perspective, the level of ALP is regarded as a vital indicator for numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, diabetes, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, a novel dual-mode assay system was developed with the objective of facilitating quantitative ALP detection.

Setdb1 ablation in macrophages attenuates fibrosis in heart allografts.

Tissue fibrosis is commonly associated with organ malfunction and is strongly associated with the development of chronic rejection, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. Fibrosis also contributes to immune exclusion in tumor tissues. Targeting fibrosis might be a strategy for prolonging allograft survival while suppressing cancer development.

A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Trial Comparing Salvage Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Delivered in 4 Versus 2 Weeks (SHORTER): Acute Genitourinary and Gastrointestinal Patient-reported Outcomes at a Single Institution.

Background And Objective: Some patients undergoing prostatectomy develop biochemical recurrence or have persistently detectable prostate-specific antigen level. Salvage radiotherapy (RT), delivered over ≥4 wk, is a current standard of care. Our objective was to demonstrate that salvage RT delivered in a five-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) regimen does not significantly increase patient-reported genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms compared with a 20-fraction regimen (HYPO).

Coevolution and cross-infection patterns between viruses and their host methanogens in paddy soils.

Methanogens play a critical role in global methane (CH) emissions from rice paddy ecosystems. Through the integration of metagenomic analysis and meta-analysis, we constructed a CRISPR spacer database comprising 14 475 spacers derived from 351 methanogenic genomes. This enabled the identification of viruses targeting key methanogenic families prevalent in rice paddies, including , , , , and .

Clinical application of 90-gene expression test in a patient with occult breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

Occult breast cancer is an exceptionally rare disease characterized by ambiguous diagnostic criteria. Currently employed diagnostic methods include breast MRI, PET-CT, and immunohistochemistry; however, challenges in achieving accurate diagnoses persist in certain cases. The utilization of the 90-gene test has been implemented to identify the origin of unknown tumors, demonstrating an overall accuracy rate of 94.

Process of radical resection for advanced buccal cancer and the 'sandwich' technique for craniomaxillofacial defect repair using an anterolateral thigh chimeric myocutaneous flap.

Thorough radical surgery improves the survival rate of patients with advanced buccal cancer, and proper restoration can reduce complications and improve quality of life. To meet tissue the requirements of the recipient area, we proposed a modified 'sandwich' technique, using an anterolateral thigh (ALT) chimeric myocutaneous flap. In total, 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 60, treated using either the 'sandwich' technique or the conventional method.