Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation promoted hepatic lipid metabolism via the adiponectin pathway in mice.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) is ubiquitous in daily life, and the complexity of the electromagnetic environment continues to increase. Nevertheless, research on the biological effects of compound radiofrequency radiation-particularly its influence on lipid metabolism under realistic exposure scenarios-remains limited, and the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. To investigate the impact of compound radiofrequency radiation on lipid metabolism, multi-frequency radiation exposure model both normal and obese mice were established.

EBAMP: An efficient de novo broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide discovery framework.

De novo design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is challenging due to the vast combinatorial space and unknown mechanisms. We propose EBAMP, a generative-discriminative framework for de novo broad-spectrum AMP design targeting bacteria and fungi. EBAMP combines a Transformer-based generative model with advanced feature-based screening to explore peptide space and select multiobjective candidates.

PARP (Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase) Family in Health and Disease.

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family consists of 17 members of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent enzymes that regulate key biological processes by catalyzing adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, either poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) or mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation). These biological processes encompass DNA repair, metabolism, telomere maintenance, and immune responses. Based on structural and functional features, the PARP family is classified into subcategories, such as DNA-dependent PARPs, Tankyrase, CCCH-type PARPs, MacroPARPs, and atypical PARPs.

Exploring the potential bioactive compounds group and mechanism of Ci Bai Capsule in treating leukopenia: a combined approach of network pharmacology and transcriptome evidences.

Background: Radiation-induced leukopenia caused by low-dose exposure is frequently associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes like "blood deficiency" and "fatigue syndrome". Ci Bai Capsule (CB) has been reported to enhance white blood cell levels; however, its mechanisms and bioactive compounds remain unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds group of CB and elucidate its potential mechanisms in radiation-induced leukopenia.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Mouse Cornea during Wound Healing after Infrared Laser Irradiation.

The cornea is highly specialized and a detailed map of the diverse component cell types is a vital tool for ocular disease treatment and corneal healing. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to analyze corneal wound healing in C57BL/6J mice following 3.74μm infrared laser injury (23.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonyl-Functionalized Polyethyleneimine for Uranium Chelation.

3,4-dihydroxybenzenesulfonyl-functionalized polyethyleneimine (PS), a novel polymeric chelator, was synthesized by conjugating 3,4-dihydroxybenzenesulfonyl (CAM) groups with branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI, MW = 600 Da) via N-acylation. PS demonstrated a high uranium adsorption capacity of 78.08% at a concentration of 4 mg/mL, accompanied by significant selectivity over competing ions such as Ca, Zn, and Cu.

Review of the biological effects due to high-power microwaves exposure.

High power microwaves (HPMs), characterized by frequencies spanning from 1 GHz to 300 GHz and peak power exceeding 100 MW, have numerous applications but also pose considerable health hazards. This review discusses the biological effects of HPMs on various human and animal cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Notably, HPMs can damage brain structures, particularly the hippocampus, causing oxidative stress and DNA damage, which in turn contribute to cognitive impairment.

Gut Microbiota-Associated Metabolites Affected the Susceptibility to Heart Health Abnormality in Young Migrants at High-Altitude: Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites Impart Heart Health in Plateau.

Young migrants, particularly those at high altitudes, are predisposed to heart health abnormalities, including high-altitude heart disease. Despite the profound impact of hypobaric hypoxia on the gut microbial community, the understanding of the roles played by gut microbiota and gut microbiota-associated serum metabolites in high-altitude heart diseases remains limited. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive multi-omics analysis involving 230 graduates from the same university, with 163 Tibetan Plateau migrants and 67 Chengdu Plain residents, and identified 206 differential metabolites (82 in serum and 124 in feces) and 369 species that differed between migrants and residents.

Co-treatments of vitamin D and mesenchymal stem cells effectively alleviate the diabetic kidney disease through attenuating the SIRT1-mediated pathways.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still as a common chronic micro-vascular complication of type 1 diabetic (T1DM). Although many studies had verified the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the clinical treatment of the related complications associated with T1DM, especially the DKD, by preserving the balances of immune micro-environment and so on. However, the immunomodulatory capabilities of MSCs are still controversial on the the efficacy of DKD treatment primarily due to the variations on the immune micro-environment, which could be modulated by a variety of elements, such as the vitamin D (VD).

Analysis of novel therapeutic targets and construction of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains suboptimal due to limited biomarkers. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, their prognostic significance in HCC remains unclear.

Methods: This study analyzed the expression of ferroptosis- and cuproptosis-related genes associated with survival in HCC, utilizing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus.

PGRN mediates the crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and CAFs and reshapes tumor immune microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) serves crucial functions in ovarian cancer progression through complex interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, tumor-stroma interactions in ovarian cancer remain poorly characterized. Here, we identified progranulin (PGRN) as a key TME mediator that promotes crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs, contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

New C-24 epimers of dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their absolute configurations.

Seventeen new dammarane-type saponins, gypenosides FJ1 - FJ17 (1-17), and five known compounds (18-22) including nine pairs of C-24 epimers were isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Their structures were determined through comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and HR-ESI-MS data. The absolute configurations of five pairs of C-24 epimer compounds (1-10) were assigned via electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses.

Non-invasive and sensitive MRI assessment of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction via voxel-based morphological and functional connectivity.

Background: Radiotherapy inevitably cause cognitive dysfunction. We aim to explore a non-invasive, sensitive strategy for assessing radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC), and to clarify the potential mechanisms from behavioral, histological, and molecular perspectives.

Methods: We employed a multimodal cross-validation strategy to evaluate cognitive dysfunction of C57BL/6j mice exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy or 15 Gy using a Co γ radiation source.

Damaging effect of ischemia on the development of retinal organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells.

Aim: To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.

Methods: Human retinal organoids (hROs) of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate the retinal ischemia. All hROs were maintained normally until day 60 to evaluate changes in ischemic injuries during retinal development.

Trans-Sodium Crocetinate Ameliorates High-Altitude Acute Lung Injury via Modulating EGFR/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Axis.

Objectives: , a traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its pharmacological effects in promoting blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, regulating menstruation, detoxification, and alleviating mental disturbances. Trans-crocetin, its principal bioactive component, exhibits significant anti-hypoxic activity. The clinical development and therapeutic efficacy of trans-crocetin are limited by its instability, poor solubility, and low bioavailability.

GDF15 attenuates myocardial hypoxic injury by inhibiting mitochondrial damage through BNIP3 pathway.

Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a hypoxia-responsive mediator in myocardial injury, is established as a mitochondrial stress biomarker in skeletal muscle. However, its mechanistic role in regulating mitophagy during cardiac hypoxia remains unknown.

Methods: In this study, human myocardial cells (AC16) were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl) to induce hypoxia.

Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Roles in Myocardial Remodelling and Cardiac Health.

The gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms residing within the human gastrointestinal tract, exerts profound effects on the health of the host. In recent years, studies have revealed that the gut microbiota influences not only the function of the digestive system but also has close associations with various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial remodelling refers to the structural, functional and molecular changes in the myocardium that occur in response to alterations in load.

Safety Profile of Intravenous Ferulic Acid Nanoparticles: Acute Toxicity and Neurological Effects in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background: Ferulic acid (FA) exhibits therapeutic potential for various disorders, but its clinical application is hindered by poor bioavailability and solubility. This study aimed to develop and evaluate FA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (FA-LNPs) as a safe and efficient drug delivery system.

Methods: FA-LNPs were prepared via an optimized active loading method.

Bioelectronic sutures with electrochemical glucose-sensing for real-time wound monitoring.

Real-time in situ monitoring of wound physiologic information in clinical practice is essential to assist healthcare professionals in assessing the status of a patient's wound and the healing process, with glucose levels recognized as a key factor in assisting healthcare professionals in assessing the status of a patient's wound. The form factor of planar flexible sensors limits them primarily to the skin surface and superficial wound areas, while fiber-based biosensors, due to their excellent flexibility and mechanical strength, can provide comfortable human-machine interfaces and thus have the potential to realize real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels in deep wounds of the skin. However, they still have drawbacks of being relatively single-function and requiring external power sources.

Eriocalyxin B confers radioprotection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction.

Ionizing radiation induces injury in multiple organs, particularly in the hematopoietic system; however, the implementation of effective preventive measures for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) is still limited. In this study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of a natural diterpenoid, eriocalyxin B (EriB), on hematopoietic injury associated with ARS in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). The results suggested that EriB effectively provides radioprotection against hematopoietic injury, as evidenced by improved survival, increased peripheral blood recovery, and accelerated regeneration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in irradiated mice.

Characterization of DNA Methylation Episignatures for Radon-Induced Lung Cancer.

Radon (Rn) exposure has a strong association with lung cancer risk and is influenced by epigenetic modifications. To investigate the characterization of DNA methylation (DNAm) episignatures for radon-induced lung cancer, we detected the specific changes in DNAm in blood and lung tissues using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) induced by radon exposure.

Biomarker Discovery and Molecular Docking Reveal Fermentation Product's Anti-Lung Cancer Components.

In traditional Chinese medicine, is employed to prevent and treat lung cancer. The anti-tumor properties are further amplified by the fermentation product of and (MGF). Nevertheless, the efficacy of the chemical components in combating lung cancer and the potential therapeutic targets for treating the disease remain ambiguous.

Molecular Pathogenesis of Avian Splenic Injury Under Thermal Challenge: Integrated Mitigation Strategies for Poultry Heat Stress.

Heat stress (HS), an important environmental stressor for healthy poultry farming, has been shown to have a detrimental effect on production performance and induce serious diseases through immune system damage. As the avian peripheral immune system's primary organ, spleen is subject to complex biological processes in response to HS injury. Histopathological characterization demonstrated that HS resulted in the destruction of the splenic red and white medulla, a decrease in cell density and organ atrophy.

Comprehensive high-throughput sequencing analysis and verification of miRNAs isolated from bronchial epithelial cells undergoing radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) constitutes a significant complication in radiotherapy for various cancers, often severely limiting its efficacy. Recent studies suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of RIPF. Elucidating the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EMT could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying RIPF and potentially reveal therapeutic targets.

Integrative Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Iron Overload-Induced Senescence and Metabolic Reprogramming in Ovarian Endometriosis-Associated Infertility.

Endometriosis, particularly ovarian endometriosis (OE), is a major cause of infertility, often associated with reduced oocyte quality and impaired ovarian function. Iron overload plays a key role in OE progression. This study investigates the effects of iron overload on follicular function in OE-associated infertility (OEI).