Dominant and cross-reactive S1-specific memory B cell response induced by primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The protective component of specific memory B cells (MBCs) response relative to serum antibody response in primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well understood. Using a relatively unbiased B-cell culture method with a limited number of MBCs in each well (100 cells/well), we characterized the fine specificity of MBC responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection. While serum spike antibody is predominantly against S2 domain, the memory B cells mainly recognize S1 domain.

Papain-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Induces Intestinal Inflammation via the ISG15 Pathway: Identification of Natural Compound Inhibitors.

The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is a multifunctional viral protein that facilitates viral assembly and disrupts host immune responses by removing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) modifications from target proteins. However, the mechanisms by which PLpro-mediated immune evasion leads to inflammatory responses are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PLpro induces inflammation in colonic epithelial cells and colonic inflammation in a mouse model, acting through the ISG15 signaling pathway.

Knockdown of OPTN modulates miRNA-125b-5p expression via NF-κB pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe dysfunction in upper and lower motor neurons. Previous studies have reported that the optineurin gene (OPTN) downregulation is one of the causative genetic factors for ALS, leading to the dysfunction of optineurin (OPTN), a multifunctional protein implicated in several cellular processes. Herein, we found that conditional knockout of the Optn gene in mouse microglia leads to activation of microglia.

An RBD-Fc mucosal vaccine provides variant-proof protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters.

Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are effective against severe disease and death, but do not prevent viral infections, probably due to the limited mucosal immunity induced by intramuscular administration of the vaccine. Fusion of SARS-CoV-2 subunit immunogens with a human IgG Fc backbone can be used as a mucosal vaccine but its effectiveness in delivery in animal models, and its immunogenicity and the vaccine-induced protection against viral infections requires further studies. Here we investigate a bivalent RBD-Fc vaccine that includes the spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the ancestral and BQ.

[Spatiotemporal variation and future scenario simulation of ecosystem carbon storage in the Hulun Lake Basin, Inner Mongolia, China].

Carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems plays a crucial role in climate change and the global carbon cycle. To investigate the spatiotemporal variations of carbon storage in the Hulun Lake Basin, we combined the InVEST and PLUS models to systematically analyze the impacts of land use changes from 1990 to 2020 on carbon storage, and simulate land use patterns and spatial distribution of carbon storage under different scenarios for 2030. The results indicated that the Hulun Lake Basin experienced significant changes in land use distribution during 1990-2020.

SARS-CoV-2 damages cardiomyocyte mitochondria and implicates long COVID-associated cardiovascular manifestations.

Introduction: With the COVID-19 pandemic becoming endemic, vigilance for Long COVID-related cardiovascular issues remains essential, though their specific pathophysiology is largely unexplored.

Objectives: Our study investigates the persistent cardiovascular symptoms observed in individuals long after contracting SARS-CoV-2, a condition commonly referred to as "Long COVID", which has significantly affected millions globally.

Methods: We meticulously describe the cardiovascular outcomes in five patients, encompassing a range of severe conditions such as sudden cardiac death during exercise, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, palpitation, chest tightness, and acute myocarditis.

Optimizing Cyanobacterial Biomass for Soil Restoration: Nutrient Enrichment and Microbial Modulation in Degraded Grasslands of Hulun Lake.

The organic and active substances released from cyanobacterial decomposition have a positive effect on improving soil quality and promoting plant growth. However, the mechanism of its influence remains unclear, particularly regarding its impact on grassland soil. The study was conducted in the periphery of eutrophic Hulun Lake using a gradient amendment experiment (0%, 3%, 5%, 10% cyanobacterial biomass) on adjacent degraded grassland soils.

Clinical features of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis-polyneuropathy with transthyretin Ala97Ser(p.Ala117Ser) mutation in South Mainland China.

Objective: Our study aimed to report the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis-polyneuropathy(ATTRv-PN) with TTR Ala97Ser(p.Ala117Ser) mutation from South Mainland China.

Methods: We identified 21 patients from 20 families diagnosed with Ala97Ser ATTRv-PN based on strict clinical and electrophysiological criteria from three centers.

A nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine prevents enterovirus A71 infection in mouse model.

Introduction: Human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the primary pathogen responsible for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Vaccination plays a crucial role in controlling its spread. Although inactivated vaccines have been approved, there is growing interest in developing new candidates using advanced platforms.

A shark-derived broadly neutralizing nanobody targeting a highly conserved epitope on the S2 domain of sarbecoviruses.

The continuously evolving Omicron subvariants has diminished the effectiveness of almost all RBD-targeted antibodies in neutralizing these subvariants. The development of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies is desired for addressing both current and future variants. Here, we identified a shark-derived nanobody, 79C11, that can neutralize all Omicron subvariants tested so far, including BA.

determination of protective antibody thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 variants using mouse models.

Neutralizing antibody titres have been shown to correlate with immune protection against COVID-19 and can be used to estimate vaccine effectiveness. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between neutralizing antibodies and protection. However, there remains a lack of quantitative data directly assessing the minimum effective protective neutralizing antibody titre in .

IgA class switching enhances neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 by increased antibody hinge flexibility.

IgA antibodies are critical components of the mucosal immune barrier, providing essential first-line defense against viral infections. In this study, we investigated the impact of antibody class switching on neutralization efficacy by engineering recombinant antibodies of different isotypes (IgA1, IgG1) with identical variable regions from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients. A potent, broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibody CAV-C65 exhibited a ten-fold increase in neutralization potency upon switching from IgG1 to IgA1 monomer.

A 10 Year Long-Lived Cellular and Humoral MERS-CoV Immunity Cross-Recognizing the Wild-Type and Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Potential One-Way MERS-CoV Cross-Protection Toward a Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine.

MERS is a respiratory disease caused by MERS-CoV. Multiple outbreaks have been reported, and the virus co-circulates with SARS-CoV-2. The long-term (> 6 years) cellular and humoral immune responses to MERS-CoV and their potential cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants are unknown.

Sequential intranasal booster triggers class switching from intramuscularly primed IgG to mucosal IgA against SARS-CoV-2.

The persistent emergence of COVID-19 variants and recurrent waves of infection worldwide underscores the urgent need for vaccines that effectively reduce viral transmission and prevent infections. Current intramuscular (IM) COVID-19 vaccines inadequately protect the upper respiratory mucosa. In response, we have developed a nonadjuvanted, IFN-armed SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine with IM priming and intranasal (IN) boost sequential immunization.

Defining the features and structure of neutralizing antibody targeting the silent face of the SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain.

Research on virus/receptor interactions has uncovered various mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, understanding of neutralization by antibodies targeting the silent face, which recognize epitopes on glycan shields, remains limited, and their potential protective efficacy in vivo is not well understood. This study describes a silent face neutralizing antibody, 3711, which targets a non-supersite on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein.

Trivalent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccines exhibit broad-spectrum neutralization and protection against XBB.1 and BA.2.86 variants.

• RBDs of the WT, BQ.1.1 and XBB.

Impact of volume indices in bioelectrical impedance measurement on the assessment of cardiac function indices by echocardiography in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Cardiovascular events resulting from volume overload are a primary cause of mortality in hemodialysis patients. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is significantly valuable for assessing the volume status of hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this article, we explore the correlation between the volume index measured by BIA and the cardiac function index assessed by echocardiography (ECG) in HD patients.

Development of Broad-Spectrum Nanobodies for the Therapy and Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Multiple Variants.

The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evaded the efficacy of previously developed antibodies and vaccines, thus remaining a significant global public health threat. Therefore, it is imperative to develop additional antibodies that are capable of neutralizing emerging variants. Nanobodies, as the smallest functional single-domain antibodies, exhibit enhanced stability and penetration ability, enabling them to recognize numerous concealed epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies.