Microenvironment-driven transformable self-assembly nanoplatform enables spatiotemporal remodeling for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

The aberrant vasculature within the inflamed joint cavity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only exacerbates joint pathology but also restricts the effective delivery of therapeutic drugs. Herein, we propose a strategy that involves the rapid and sustained vasculature repair alongside microenvironment-driven drug delivery to achieve multifaceted RA management. The transformable, self-assembling nanoplatform specifically accumulates in the inflamed joint cavity guided by a vascular targeting peptide (STP).

Versatile photonic frequency synthetic dimensions using a single programmable on-chip device.

Investigating physical models with photonic synthetic dimensions has been generating great interest in vast fields of science. The rapidly developing thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, for its numerous advantages including high electro-optic coefficient and scalability, is well compatible with the realization of synthetic dimensions in the frequency together with spatial domain. While coupling resonators with fixed beam splitters is a common experimental approach, it often lacks tunability and limits coupling between adjacent lattices to sites occupying the same frequency domain positions.

Examining the after-school study burden of Chinese secondary school students following burden reduction policies: a sociological analysis.

Background: To address the significant issue of students' heavy after-school study burden, many countries have enacted relevant policies. However, the effects of policy implementation are not always desirable. This study is informed by an analysis of how dominant social imaginaries and discourses in China-emphasizing accountability, performativity, competitiveness, and capital accrual-contribute to students' burdens.

: An anti-cancer traditional Chinese medicine.

, derived from the rhizome of , and , was called Ezhu in China. In the past, extracts were obtained through water decoction or alternative methods, which showed significant anti-cancer effects. However, the mixed extracts contain various compound components of , leading to an ambiguous mechanism of action for extracts anti-cancer.

Meta-Omics Analysis Reveals Global Distribution of Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia and Enhanced Neurotoxin Production Under Climate Warming.

The harmful diatom Pseudo-nitzschia produces the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), threatening human health and seafood safety in a changing climate. However, global patterns of Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and the responses of DA production to underlying environmental drivers remain poorly understood, hindering accurate projections of their responses to environmental change. Using global meta-omics data from Tara Oceans, alongside field survey data from the Chinese coasts and the Southern Ocean, we present the first evidence that four of the most toxic species-Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens-are prevalent not only in coastal ecosystems but also in open ocean environments, spanning from pole to pole.

Structural elucidation of a soluble polysaccharide XYLP-II from the fruiting body of Xylaria sp. L1 and its antibacterial and antioxidant activity.

Xylaria can be used as food and medicine for its inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Of them, polysaccharide is a major bioactive ingredient. To explore the function of a novel polysaccharide (XYLP-II) purified from the fruiting body of Xylaria sp.

Nanoplastics Stimulate Colony Formation and Bloom in .

The genus is a globally distributed harmful alga that adversely impacts marine ecosystems. Nanoplastics (NPs) are ubiquitous in marine environments and often co-occur with blooms. However, the effect of NPs on the colony formation and bloom dynamics of remains poorly understood.

Dermal T cell immunity and key regulatory signaling pathways: Implications in immune-mediated alopecia and hair regeneration.

Mammalian hair follicles undergo periodic regeneration, with recent research highlighting the immunological niche as a critical regulator of stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration. Chemotactic signals from hair follicles attract macrophages and T cells, which, in turn, control the resting and differentiation of epithelial stem cells in both healthy and damaged conditions. T cells play a pivotal role in hair follicle regeneration, contributing to injury-induced hair neogenesis and physiologic hair cycling.

Ambient pressure response of spin defects in two-dimensional materials.

Spin defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials emerge as promising platforms for quantum sensing applications. The thin-film characteristic of these materials is their most unique feature, distinguishing them from traditional three-dimensional (3D) materials. This feature is particularly suitable for transferring ambient (gas) pressure to internal strain in the 2D material, which can be quantitatively detected spin defects such as the negatively charged boron vacancy (V) in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN).

Timing the escape of a photoexcited electron from a molecular cage.

Charge transfer is fundamentally dependent on the overlap of the orbitals comprising the transport pathway. This has key implications for molecular, nanoscale, and quantum technologies, for which delocalization (and decoherence) rates are essential figures of merit. Here, we apply the core hole clock technique-an energy-domain variant of ultrafast spectroscopy-to probe the delocalization of a photoexcited electron inside a closed molecular cage, namely the Ar 2p4s state of Ar@C.

Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Managing Diabetes: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is characterized by high blood glucose levels, and this can lead to serious diabetic complications. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 830 million adults worldwide are living with diabetes in 2024, with its prevalence continuing to rise steadily over the years. To treat this disease, researchers have developed a variety of first-line drugs, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones.

High-quality genome of allotetraploid Avena barbata provides insights into the origin and evolution of B subgenome in Avena.

Avena barbata, a wild oat species within the genus Avena, is a widely used model for studying plant ecological adaptation due to its strong environmental adaptability and disease resistance, serving as a valuable genetic resource for oat improvement. Here, we phased the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of A. barbata (6.

Fetal Cerebellum Landmark Detection Based on 3D MRI: Method and Benchmark.

Fetal cerebellum landmark detection is crucial for assessing fetal brain development. Although deep learning has become the standard for automatic landmark detection, most previous methods have focused on using 2D ultrasound or thick Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). To improve accuracy, landmarks should be located on thin 3D MRIs.

Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Re Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism play crucial roles in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early evidence demonstrates that Ginsenoside Re (Re) possesses pharmacological effects on NAFLD, but its mechanisms of action are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the hepatic protective effects of Re in NAFLD and elucidate relevant mechanisms.

Managing Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Interventions in Cancer Treatment.

Irinotecan (CPT-11), an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I, stands as a pivotal therapeutic agent in oncology. However, its use is primarily constrained by side effects such as neutropenia and the onset of delayed diarrhea. Despite the effective management of neutropenia, CPT-11-induced diarrhea (CID) is often severe, leading to hospitalization, dosage adjustments, and in some cases, treatment discontinuation, which can significantly impact therapeutic outcomes.

Exploring the quality marker of Curcumae kwangsiensis radix from different production regions using the spectrum-effect relationship, serum metabolism, and molecular docking integrated with chemometrics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Curcuma kwangsiensis radix (CKR) is one of the most important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. It effectively enhances blood circulation and eliminates stasis, which is highly associated with thrombosis. Furthermore, CKR is primarily produced in the Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of China.

The Whi2-Psr1-Psr2 complex selectively regulates TORC1 and autophagy under low leucine conditions but not nitrogen depletion.

Amino acids and ammonia serve as sources of nitrogen for cell growth and were previously thought to have similar effects on yeast. Consistent with this idea, depletion of either of these two nitrogen sources inhibits the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), leading to induction of macroautophagy/autophagy and inhibition of cell growth. In this study, we show that Whi2 and the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-type phosphatases Psr1 and Psr2 distinguish between these two nitrogen sources in , as the Whi2-Psr1-Psr2 complex inhibits TORC1 in response to low leucine but not in the absence of nitrogen.

Gegen Qinlian decoction remodels tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits aerobic glycolysis with the synergistic combination of CPT-11 chemotherapy in colorectal cancer therapy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Although several traditional Chinese medicine formulas have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in suppressing the severe gastrointestinal toxicity induced by irinotecan (CPT-11), few studies have investigated whether enhanced anti-cancer efficacy and reduced intestinal toxicity can be achieved through co-administration. CPT-11, as a first-line drug for treating colorectal cancer, has the side effect of intestinal toxicity. Previous studies have primarily focused on using traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate diarrhea caused by CPT-11.

Comparative Genomics of : Structural Conservation and Gene Transfer Between Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes.

, a unicellular multinucleate green alga in the genus , plays vital ecological roles and represents a key evolutionary link between unicellular and multicellular algae. However, its weak genetic baseline data have constrained the progress of evolutionary research. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the complete circular chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of .

P2X7R antagonism suppresses long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following traumatic brain injury in mice.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most common life-quality reducing consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, to date there are no pharmacological approaches to predict or to prevent the development of PTE. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a cationic ATP-dependent membrane channel that is expressed throughout the brain.

Pinelliae Rhizoma: a systematic review on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, preclinical and clinical evidence.

Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR), known as Banxia in Chinese, Hange in Japanese, and Banha in Korean, is a renowned herbal medicine in East Asia derived from the dry tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (PT).

Physical Activity Reduces Metabolic Risk via Iron Metabolism: Cross-National Evidence Using the Triglyceride-Glucose Index.

Studies suggest that the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a novel and comprehensive marker of metabolic health. While most research indicates that increased physical activity (PA) is linked to improved metabolic health, some studies argue that the previous markers may not fully capture this relationship. This study uses TyG as a marker of metabolic health to examine the association between PA and TyG.

On-Chip Photonic Simulating Band Structures toward Arbitrary-Range Coupled Frequency Lattices.

Photonic simulators are increasingly used to study physical systems for their affluent manipulable degrees of freedom. The advent of photonic chips offers a promising path towards compact and configurable simulators. Thin-film lithium niobate chips are particularly well suited for this purpose due to the high electro-optic coefficient, which allows for the creation of lattices in the frequency domain.