Source-sink relationship of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oilfield area of Northern Shaanxi: Multilayer perceptron-based modelling systems.

Petroleum contributes significantly to economic growth, but pollution near oilfields poses risks to ecosystems and human health. The soil petroleum content and sources in the Yanchang oilfield, located in northern Shaanxi, remain unclear and present an environmental threat. To address this, a comprehensive soil contamination survey was conducted in the surrounding area.

Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

COVID-19 and seasonal influenza have taken a huge toll on the global economy and global health. Given the potential of COVID-19 to transform into a chronic epidemic akin to seasonal influenza, the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 will continue to be a significant threat to healthcare for some time to come. Coinfection involving the two viruses has been proven to worsen the severity of the illness, as evidenced by clinical observational data.

Vaccines and Animal Models of Nipah Virus: Current Situation and Future Prospects.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus characterized by zoonotic infection, high mortality, and a lack of effective treatment, posing a serious threat to global public health security. Currently, it still lacks specific treatments or approved vaccines, and is listed as a potential pandemic threat pathogen by the World Health Organization. This paper systematically reviews the core progress and challenges of NiV investigation, with a focus on the development of animal models, vaccine development strategies, treatment strategy, and bottlenecks in translational medicine.

The Functional DPP4 Receptor Is an Indispensable Factor Mediating the Immune Performance of Mucosal Vaccines for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.

Mucosal vaccines are powerful tools for combatting emerging infectious diseases, particularly mucosal-associated pathogens. However, one of the main bottlenecks in developing mucosal vaccines is the lack of accurate animal models. In this study, a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) mucosal vaccine was designed for investigations.

Synergistic effect on sludge disintegration and antibiotic resistance genes removal during sludge treatment by combined plasma-calcium peroxide.

Excess sludge generated during wastewater treatment serves as a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing environmental and public health risks. In this study, a combined plasma-calcium peroxide (Plasma-CaO) treatment was proposed to simultaneously enhance sludge disintegration and ARGs removal. Compared with solo treatment, Plasma-CaO significantly improved sludge disintegration, as evidenced by a higher disintegration rate (9.

Facilitated transport of Cd(II) by plasma-modified microplastics: Influence of surface functional groups and interaction mechanisms.

Discharge plasma is gaining increasing attention in environmental science due to its advanced oxidative properties. While discharge plasma is capable of degrading most of the pollutants in contaminated water, it is not effective in degrading the accompanying microplastics (MPs). Notably, residual MPs in plasma-treated water may become carriers of other pollutants in the environment.

An inactivated influenza D virus vaccine protects guinea pigs from infections and contact transmission caused by homologous challenge.

Influenza D virus (IDV) was first isolated from pigs in 2011 which caused the bovine respiratory disease and economic losses. This study aimed to develop an inactivated vaccine to protect against IDV using guinea pigs as an animal model. Vaccinated guinea pigs exhibited seroconversion with hemagglutination inhibition titers ranging from 1: 320 to 1: 640 and neutralizing antibody levels reaching 1: 2560 after booster immunity.

Significant insights of CaO promoting heavy metal complexes removal during a plasma process.

Heavy metal-antibiotic complexes pose a serious threat to human health and are difficult to remove by traditional methods. In this study, a novel and green strategy of discharge plasma technology combined with calcium peroxide (CaO-DBD) was proposed for the efficient removal of Cu-ciprofloxacin (Cu-CIP) complexes. An obvious synergistic effect on Cu-CIP decomposition was performed between CaO and DBD system, showing kinetically 10 times faster than a single DBD system, and appropriate dosages of CaO favored this process.

Taurultam shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus are highly contagious respiratory viruses that continuously pose major threats to human and public health. The high frequency of viral mutations led to the emergence of resistant isolates and caused virus epidemics repeatedly, emphasizing the urgent need to develop new antivirals. Taurultam is a metabolite of taurolidine.

Taurolidine inhibits influenza virus infection and prevents influenza-induced cytokine storm, vasoconstriction and lung damage.

Influenza virus causes worldwide outbreaks and seasonal epidemics, posing a severe threat to public health and social development. Effective prevention and treatment of influenza infections remain major challenge for global healthcare. In this study, we observed that taurolidine effectively inhibited the proliferation of several human or animal influenza virus strains and protected mice from lethal-infection.

Built-in electric field of AgSe thermoelectric effect activated persulfate for humic acid decomposition in water: Molecular transformation mechanism.

Water temperature fluctuations directly impact pollutant decomposition processes in wastewater. Thermoelectric effect is considered an alternative to utilize these temperature variations for pollution control. In this study, a system for persulfate (PS) activation by AgSe thermoelectric catalyst under water temperature gradients (Ag₂Se/Δ/PS) was developed for humic acid (HA) degradation in water.

Auxin inhibited colonization of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soybean sprouts and spread of resistance genes to endophytic bacteria: Highlighting energy metabolism and immunity mechanism.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely in vegetables, posing health risk. Plant auxins are commonly used to enhance vegetable yield, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing their impact on ARGs transmission to endophytic bacteria remain poorly understood. This study tracked ARB colonization and ARGs spread into endophytic bacteria in soybean sprouts exposed to gibberellin (GA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA).

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Impacts of Available-Iron Levels on the Accumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate in Soybean ( L. Merrill).

Soil available-iron (Fe) is crucial for various physiological properties and processes in plants, particularly those related to the accumulation and translocation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of available-Fe levels on PFAS accumulation and translocation in plants remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impacts of available-Fe levels on the accumulation of an emerging PFAS, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), in soybean, a typical dicot, through hydroponic experiments.

Miquelianin inhibits IAV infection via the MAPK signaling pathway both .

Background: Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease primarily transmitted through airborne droplets. The prevalence and spread of influenza viruses have significant impacts on global economic development and public health. Current prevention and control strategies for influenza virus infections mainly rely on vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Rapid charge transfer and O selective catalysis induced by B-doped nanoconfined reactor realized complete Cu-EDTA decomplexation: Significant role of BC conformation.

Nanoconfinement strategy that overcomes the defects of conventional heterogeneous catalysts in electron and mass transport provides a new outlet to enhance REDOX processes. Nonetheless, limitations in the activity and selectivity of effective catalytic sites are still the drawbacks of nanoconfined catalysts. In this study, a B-doped carbon nanotubes-confined-FeO catalyst (BFe@CNTs-L) coupled with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system (DBD/BFe@CNTs-L) was developed for Cu-EDTA removal.

A VSV-based oral rabies vaccine was sentineled by Peyer's patches and induced a timely and durable immune response.

The global eradication of canine-mediated human rabies remains an ongoing public health priority. While conventional oral rabies vaccines (ORVs) have demonstrated partial success in interrupting zoonotic transmission, current formulations necessitate improvements in both immunogenic profiles and mechanistic clarity. Herein, we present a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored vaccine candidate (rVSVΔG-ERA-G) engineered to express the glycoprotein of the rabies virus (RABV) ERA strain, substituting the native VSV glycoprotein.

Discovery of TRPV4-Targeting Small Molecules with Anti-Influenza Effects Through Machine Learning and Experimental Validation.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable cation channel critical for maintaining intracellular Ca homeostasis and is essential in regulating immune responses, metabolic processes, and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that TRPV4 activation enhances influenza A virus infection, promoting viral replication and transmission. However, there has been limited exploration of antiviral drugs targeting the TRPV4 channel.

Catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems: A comprehensive review of peroxyacetic acid-based advanced oxidation processes.

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising treatment method to decontaminate organic pollutants. This review thoroughly evaluated the use of PAA-based AOPs, including their synthesis techniques, physicochemical features, and reaction pathways with pollutants. It also illustrated two primary channels: free radical pathways and non-radical pathways during the PAA activation processes and introduced various methods for activating PAA, including energy radiation, transition metal catalysis, and carbon catalysis.

A surrogate BSL2-compliant infection model recapitulating key aspects of human Marburg virus disease.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe infectious disease caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), posing a significant threat to humans. MARV needs to be operated under strict biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory conditions. Therefore, accessible and practical animal models are urgently needed to advance prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for MARV.

Virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2.48.

With the prevalence of sequentially-emerged sublineages including BA.1, BA.2 and BA.

Transport of microplastics treated with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in saturated porous media.

The performance of discharge plasma in treating organic pollutants and micro-organisms in water is impressive. When discharge plasma is used to treat polluted water containing organic pollutants and microorganisms, the presence of a certain amount of microplastics (MPs) in the water is unavoidable due to the complexity of the components contained in the water and the prevalence of MPs. MPs, as one of the pollutants that are difficult to be degraded by discharge plasma, undergo physical and chemical changes that increase their risk in the environment after treatment.

Broad-Spectrum Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Against SARS-CoV-1/2.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages escape most preclinical/clinical neutralizing antibodies in development, suggesting that previously employed antibody screening strategies are not well suited to counteract the rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen better broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody. In this study, a comprehensive approach to design broad-spectrum inhibitors against both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by leveraging the structural diversity of nanobodies is proposed.

Water temperature disturbance alters the conjugate transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via affecting ROS content and intercellular aggregation.

Spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant global challenge to public health. The potential effects of water temperature perturbation induced by specific water environment changes on ARGs transmission are still unclear. The conjugate transfer of plasmid-mediated ARGs under water temperature perturbation was investigated in this study.

Characterization of the Bioavailability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Farmland Soils and the Factors Impacting Their Translocation to Edible Plant Tissues.

In this study, various crops and farmland soils were collected from the Fen-Wei Plain, China, to investigate the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their accumulation in edible plant tissues, and the factors impacting their accumulation. PFAS were frequently detected in all of the crops, with total concentrations ranging from 0.61 to 35.