Comparative safety and efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy combined with microwave ablation versus radioactive seed brachytherapy in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC: a ten-year retrospective study.

Elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often have limited tolerance for standard therapies and experience reduced efficacy with lower-intensity treatments. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy combined with either microwave ablation (MWA) or radioactive iodine-125 seed ablation brachytherapy (RSABT) as first-line treatments, aiming to establish personalized, high-efficacy, and low-toxicity options for this vulnerable population. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 128 untreated elderly patients with advanced NSCLC from November 2013 to November 2023.

Distortion Evolution of Two-Dimensional Molecular Crystals for Branched Optical Waveguides.

Two-dimensional (2D) molecular crystals with irregular morphologies are promising candidates for constructing multifunctional optoelectronics. However, the impact of crystal distortion on morphological irregularities has been largely overlooked, despite its potential for engineering crystal structures with superior functionalities. Here, we report a competitive facet-selective growth strategy for synthesizing 2D molecular crystals with irregular morphologies, ranging from rhombus sheets to distorted compass shapes.

Polyphenol-Based Nutritional Strategies Combined With Exercise for Brain Function and Glioma Control: Focus on Epigenetic Modifications, Cognitive Function, Learning and Memory Processes.

Growing evidence supports the synergistic benefits of combining dietary polyphenols with physical exercise in enhancing brain health and mitigating the progression of glioma. Both interventions independently exert neuroprotective and anticancer effects through mechanisms involving antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory pathways, and epigenetic regulation. This review explores the integrated impact of polyphenol supplementation and exercise on brain well-being, with a particular focus on epigenetic modifications, cognitive function, and the processes of learning and memory.

Microbiota metabolites affect sleep as drivers of brain‑gut communication (Review).

Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving physical and mental health. However, the prevalence of sleep disorders is increasing in modern society. Recently, the gut‑brain axis has emerged as a prominent focus within the realm of sleep disorder research, with gut microbiota metabolites serving as essential factors in gut‑brain communication.

Regulating the expression of exercise-induced micro-RNAs and long non-coding RNAs: implications for controlling cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.

The intricate interplay between physical training and non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has attracted considerable attention in understanding physiological adaptations and pathological conditions. Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are essential modulators of gene expression, influencing various cellular processes, including those related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, and recovery from injury. This review investigates the bifunctional role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in response to physical training, highlighting their involvement in muscle hypertrophy, endurance adaptations, and the modulation of inflammatory pathways.

Preparation and properties of slow-release fertilizer containing urea encapsulated by pinecone biochar and cellulose acetate.

Biochar (BC) has been utilized in the production of carbon-based slow-release fertilizers owing to its extensive specific surface area and abundant functional groups. However, conventional biochar-based fertilizers still exhibit inadequate slow-release performance, necessitating further modification. In this paper, pinecone biochar (PB) was prepared by pyrolysis of pinecone, an agricultural waste, at different temperatures.

Hsp70-mediated manipulation of antimicrobial peptide-related genes promotes BmNPV proliferation in Bombyx mori at relatively high temperatures.

The silkworm, an economically important insect in agricultural production, are highly susceptible to various diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms under dense group feeding conditions, particularly Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), which poses a heightened infection risk at temperatures exceeding 30 °C, leading to severe economic losses. In this study, we investigated the environmental temperature dynamics of virus-host interactions using BmNPV. Our survival assays revealed that elevated temperatures significantly impact the proliferation and accumulation of BmNPV within the silkworm.

Effects of Pile-Fermentation Duration on the Taste Quality of Single-Cultivar Large-Leaf Dark Tea: Insights from Metabolomics and Microbiomics.

The pile-fermentation conditions and raw materials used play a vital role in determining the stability and quality of dark tea. In this study, sensory quality evaluation, metabolomics, and microbiomics techniques were used to investigate the effect of pile-fermentation duration on the taste quality of single-cultivar large-leaf dark tea (SLDT) and its underlying metabolite and microbial mechanisms. The study revealed that a 60-day duration resulted in a better SLDT sensory quality, with astringency and bitterness significantly reduced and sweetness increased.

Isolation and Evaluation of Potential Use of Prebiotics-Utilizing Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in .

Butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) benefit the health of aquatic animals. This current study aimed to isolate BPB from the intestines of and assess their probiotic potential. The results showed that nine isolates were obtained in vitro from the gut of , including six , two , and one .

A surrogate BSL2-compliant infection model recapitulating key aspects of human Marburg virus disease.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe infectious disease caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), posing a significant threat to humans. MARV needs to be operated under strict biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory conditions. Therefore, accessible and practical animal models are urgently needed to advance prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for MARV.

Stable and Efficient Red InP-Based QLEDs through Surface Passivation Strategies of Quantum Dots.

Indium phosphide (InP) is a representative of environmentally friendly quantum dots (QDs), and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on InP QDs are prime candidates for next-generation display applications. However, there are numerous nonradiative sites on the surface of InP QDs, which compromise the operational stability of QLEDs. Herein, we employed cysteamine (CTA) molecules for post-treatment of QD films, effectively passivating surface defects and nonradiative sites, thereby enhancing stability.

A myeloid differentiation-like protein in partnership with Toll5 from the pest insect senses baculovirus infection.

Many types of viruses infect insects and other arthropods. In contrast, little is known about how arthropods sense viruses, although several innate immune pathways including Toll have antiviral functions. Large DNA viruses in the family are used to control a number of pest insects.

Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control.

To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases.

A comprehensive analysis on the safety of two biologics dupilumab and omalizumab.

Dupilumab was approved for the treatment of several dermatologic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid; whereas omalizumab is the first biological agent which was approved to treat chronic spontaneous urticaria. None of the published meta-analyses has provided the sufficient data regarding the safety of these two biologics, especially regarding their potential serious adverse events (SAEs). The aim of this study was, to comprehensively evaluate the safety of the two biologics dupilumab and omalizumab.

Real world study of GLP-1 receptor agonists in overweight or obese type 2 diabetes by using repeated measurement analysis of variance.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of long-acting glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes from July 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into control group (metformin) and experimental group (metformin + dulaglitide or semaglutide). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare Hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose and body mass index (BMI) of patients before treatment, 6 months and 12 months after treatment.

Dual-Temperature/pH-Sensitive Hydrogels with Excellent Strength and Toughness Crosslinked Using Three Crosslinking Methods.

Hydrogels are widely used as excellent drug carriers in the field of biomedicine. However, their application in medicine is limited by their poor mechanical properties and softness. To improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels, a novel triple-network amphiphilic hydrogel with three overlapping crosslinking methods using a one-pot free-radical polymerization was synthesized in this study.

The SAMHD1-MX2 axis restricts HIV-1 infection at postviral DNA synthesis.

Unlabelled: HIV-1 replication is tightly regulated in host cells, and various restriction factors have important roles in inhibiting viral replication. SAMHD1, a well-known restriction factor, suppresses HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing intracellular dNTPs, thereby limiting the synthesis of viral cDNA in quiescent cells. In this study, we revealed an additional and distinct mechanism of SAMHD1 inhibition during the postviral cDNA synthesis stage.

Establishment and application of a surrogate model for human Ebola virus disease in BSL-2 laboratory.

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus, Filoviridae family, which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models, as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level (BSL)-4 facilities. Therefore, accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV.

Maintaining Toll signaling in brain is required to sustain autophagy for dopamine neuron survival.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotic cells to degrade and recycle damaged intracellular components. Higher level of autophagy in the brain has been observed, and autophagy dysfunction has an impact on neuronal health, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we showed that overexpression of Toll-1 and Toll-7 receptors, as well as active Spätzle proteins in a S2 cells enhanced autophagy, and Toll-1/Toll-7 activated autophagy was dependent on Tube-Pelle-PP2A.

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies as a risk factor for the prevalence and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of numerous autoantibodies. The interaction of infectious agents (viruses, bacteria and parasites) and a genetically susceptible host may be a key mechanism for SLE. Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread intracellular parasite that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Enterovirus D68 3C protease antagonizes type I interferon signaling by cleaving signal transducer and activator of transcription 1.

Following the successful control of poliovirus, the re-emergence of respiratory enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a prominent non-polio enterovirus, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Host innate immune responses are the primary defense against EV-D68 invasion; however, the mechanism underlying viral evasion of the antiviral activity of interferons (IFN) remains unclear. In this study, we found that EV-D68 inhibited type I IFN signaling by cleaving signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), a crucial factor in cellular responses to interferons and other cytokines.