Versatile Applications of CRISPR-Based Programmable T-DNA Integration in Plants.

Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA integration into plant genomes represents a cornerstone for transgenic expression in plant basic research and synthetic biology. However, random T-DNA integration can disrupt essential endogenous genes or compromise transgene expression, stressing the need for targeted integration strategies. Here we explored CRISPR-aided targeted T-DNA integration (CRISTTIN) in Arabidopsis, leveraging CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) to facilitate precise T-DNA insertion.

Regulating Dynamic Evolution of Interfacial Electrolyte Configuration via Inert Cation Induced Anion Anchoring to Stabilize Lithium-Metal Anode.

Interfacial stability in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hinges on precise regulation of dynamic interfacial electrolyte configuration. Although inert cations are frequently employed to stabilize Li-metal anode, their interfacial adsorption behavior and the resultant evolution of the electrolyte/electrode interface remain elusive. Herein, using in-situ spectroscopy, we visualized the adsorption of inert cations, exemplified by tetrabutylammonium (TBA).

A TARGET database-driven nomogram for pediatric osteosarcoma prognosis.

Objective: To analyze risk factors for pediatric osteosarcoma and to construct and evaluate a risk prediction model for pediatric osteosarcoma.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma between 2000 and 2013 (n = 129) from the TARGET database. First, independent prognostic factors associated with osteosarcoma-specific death were identified through Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Proteomic subtypes enrich current acute myeloid leukemia nomenclature and reflect intrinsic pathogenesis alongside aging.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy that increasingly affects the elderly population, with its post-transcriptional landscape remaining largely elusive. Establishing a stable proteomics-based classification system and systematically screening age-related proteins and regulatory networks are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and outcomes of AML. In this study, we leveraged a multi-omics cohort of 374 newly diagnosed AML patients, integrating proteome, phosphoproteome, genome, transcriptome, and drug screening data.

Pure Zwitterionic Hydrogels with High Entanglement Reinforcement for Biomedical Applications.

Pure zwitterionic hydrogels have attracted great interest in the biomedical field but are not widely used due to their weak mechanical properties. It has proven challenging to achieve an optimal balance between the antifouling ability and the mechanical properties of existing zwitterionic hydrogel enhancement methods. Consequently, pure zwitterionic hydrogel materials that exhibit high strength and resistance to fatigue were developed in this study.

Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 30% Enabled by a Crown Ether-Modified Electron Transport Layer.

Zinc magnesium oxide nanoparticles (ZnMgO NPs), known for their excellent optoelectronic properties, are widely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in high-performance quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their high conductivity and abundant oxygen vacancy defects result in excessive electron injection and exciton quenching at the quantum dot (QD)/ETL interface, which severely limits the device efficiency and stability. In this study, 18-Crown-6, 15-Crown-5, and 12-Crown-4 crown ethers were individually incorporated into the ZnMgO NP system to construct a ZnMgO-Crown ether hybrid ETL.

Switchable Deep Beamformer for High-quality and Real-time Passive Acoustic Mapping.

Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) is a promising tool for monitoring acoustic cavitation activities in the applications of ultrasound therapy. Data-adaptive beamformers for PAM have better image quality compared with time exposure acoustics (TEA) algorithms. However, the computational cost of data-adaptive beamformers is considerably expensive.

Excess water availability in northern mid-high latitudes contiguously migrated from ocean under climate change.

Terrestrial water availability sustains livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. Despite an understanding of contributions of oceanic moisture to terrestrial hydroclimatic extremes, whether surpluses of terrestrial water availability migrate directly and contiguously from the ocean and the influence of climate change on this process remain unclear. Here, we use a coherent feature-tracking method to identify ocean-to-land water availability surpluses (OWASs), characterized by spatiotemporally contiguous migration of excess atmospheric freshwater (precipitation-minus-evapotranspiration) from ocean to land.

Value of serum uric acid in a risk prediction model for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective: To investigate the potential role of serum uric acid (UA) in risk stratification for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and to establish an accessible risk prediction model that can aid in early screening and diagnosis.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 295 postmenopausal women who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University from July 2021 to July 2023. Participants were divided into a PMOP group (T-score < -2.

Raman Spectroscopy Reveals the Multifunctional Role of Interfacial Water in CO-to-C Electroreduction on Cu() Surfaces.

Interfacial water serves as both a proton donor and a competitor for active sites at the copper-catalyst interface in the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, its precise impact on C product selectivity remains debatable. Here, through the utilization of Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we have discovered that the population of K cation hydrated water (K-HO) rises concurrently with the increase of C yield on atomically flat model Cu() single crystal surfaces.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for sustained release of metformin hydrochloride within cells: A therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the third leading chronic disease threatening human health, with patients primarily managing their blood glucose levels through oral administration of metformin hydrochloride (MH). However, oral delivery of the pure drug faces challenges such as low bioavailability and significant gastrointestinal side effects. To address these, we employed a high-pressure homogenizer to prepare PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating the drug via a double emulsion method.

Unveiling Macrophage Content as a Predictive Biomarker for Intraoperative ICG Imaging Efficacy in Lung Cancer.

Due to the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of tumors, the efficacy of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) imaging in lung cancer exhibits significant inter-patient variability. This study identifies macrophage content as a critical predictive biomarker for ICG imaging outcomes, offering both mechanistic, and clinical insights into this variability. Mechanistically, macrophages are demonstrated to serve as the principal ICG reservoirs in tumor tissues, exhibiting seven-fold higher uptake capacity compared to cancer cells.

Unveiling the Angstrom-Scale Interfacial Electron Spillover through the Metal/Electrolyte Interface.

The behaviors of solid-liquid interfacial electron spillovers under negative potentials are crucial for understanding heterogeneous reactions and catalysts. The missing experimental details at the angstrom scale leave the current understanding of interfacial electron spillovers largely conceptual. Herein, we demonstrated interfacial electron spillover at electrode-electrolyte interfaces by combining electrochemical plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS) with a plasmonic molecular ruler strategy.

Tunable starch/sisal fiber porous composites for broadband acoustic absorption: Experimental design, JCA modeling, and sustainable applications.

The use of green materials as acoustic absorbers has received much attention in recent years. Sisal and corn are subject to large-scale cultivation and are widely available. We used sisal fiber as the skeleton and dextrinated starch as the binder.

HydroLayer Calculator: A Pseudo-Parallel Tool for Rapid Hydration Layer Structure Calculation in MD Simulations via VMD.

Hydration plays a crucial role in the performance of hydrophilic materials, influencing properties such as fouling resistance and lubrication. Characterizing the parameters of the hydration layer is essential to understanding these behaviors. In this study, we developed the HydroLayer Calculator, a multiparameter analysis tool based on Tcl, designed to calculate six key parameters of the hydration layer along the radial direction of the reference atoms using VMD: radial distribution function (RDF), orientation distribution function (ODF), hydrogen bond (HB) structure, mean square displacement (MSD), mean residence time (MRT), and water binding sites (WBS).

Ultra-low limit of detection of a carcinoembryonic antigen fiber sensor based on microfiber.

Fiber optic sensors have been widely applied to address issues such as cardiovascular diseases, pathogen detection, and cancer biomarker detection. In this work, an ultra-low limit of detection, high-specificity, and label-free optical fiber biosensor for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A microfiber interferometer with refractive index sensitivity of up to 1915.

Molecular mechanisms of unique therapeutic potential of CUDC-907 for MEF2D fusion-driven BCP-ALL.

MEF2D fusions are found in a special subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) with poor prognosis. In this study, we conducted high-throughput drug screenings using cell line and ex vivo cell model harboring, respectively, MEF2D::HNRNPUL1(MH) and MEF2D::BCL9(MB), the two major MEF2D fusions. We identified CUDC-907 as a highly potent dual-target inhibitor of PI3K/HDAC, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in inducing robust lethality while maintaining selectivity for MEF2D fusion-expressing cells.

Seasonal variations in ecological environment quality across different geomorphological regions and their response mechanisms to climate change.

Understanding seasonal variations in ecological environment quality (EEQ) across diverse geomorphological regions is essential for accurately assessing ecosystem health and resilience amid climate change. However, systematic quantitative studies examining these fluctuations and their underlying climate response mechanisms remain scarce, particularly in regions with complex terrain. This study focused on Shaanxi Province, known for its diverse landforms and complex climate.

Gas Evolution Analysis of Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery.

Sulfide-based all-solid-state Li-ion batteries employing Ni-rich cathodes have emerged as the most promising candidate for high specific capacity and excellent safety. Nevertheless, the unstable solid-solid interface between sulfide electrolytes and Ni-rich cathodes induces detrimental side reactions, which are primarily responsible for rapid capacity fading and even pose significant safety risks. Herein, in situ mass spectrometry is employed to systematically investigate the gas evolution throughout the electrochemical processes and thermal runaway scenarios.

Inhibition of neuronal necroptosis via disruption of RIPK1-RIPK3 Interactions: The role of neural stem cell-derived exosomes in spinal cord injury recovery.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a significant economic and public health burden. Exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSC-Exos) are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair, overcoming several limitations associated with both autologous and allogeneic neural stem cell therapies. This study demonstrates that NSC-Exos are efficiently internalized by the injured spinal cord after co-injection, resulting in substantial motor function recovery in murine models.

Graphdiyne Production in a Flash: High-Yield Direct Synthesis by Electron Beam Irradiation.

Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging 2D carbon allotrope, holds immense potential for diverse applications but is severely constrained by relatively complex and time-intensive synthesis methods. Here, a novel electron beam irradiation strategy is reported that enables the ultrafast and scalable synthesis of GDY directly from its protected monomer, hexakis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene (HEB-TMS), under ambient conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of the direct use of electron beam irradiation in carbon materials synthesis, achieving the shortest synthesis time for GDY from HEB-TMS reported to date.

Publication of data sharing statements in clinical trials by cardiovascular journals: a quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Many cardiovascular disease (CVD) journals request data sharing statements upon trial report submission, but their compliance in publishing these statements remains unclear. We therefore performed a quantitative analysis to evaluate the current practice of the publications of data sharing statements in clinical trials by CVD journals, which included 78 CVD journals that published clinical trials from Jan 2019 to Dec 2022 and had data sharing statement request. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between journal characteristics and journals' publications of statements.

Pseudocapacitive materials for energy storage: properties, mechanisms, and applications in supercapacitors and batteries.

The growing demand for efficient energy storage has intensified interest in pseudocapacitive materials, known for their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, and tunable physicochemical properties. This review explores the foundational principles and evolution of pseudocapacitive materials, emphasizing recent strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in supercapacitor applications. Key focus areas include: 1) intercalation-type materials such as NbO, TiO, and VO, which offer fast and reversible ion insertion without phase transitions; 2) redox-active materials like transition metal oxides and 2D materials (e.

Identifying emphysema risk using brominated flame retardants exposure: a machine learning predictive model based on the SHAP methodology.

Background: Emphysema is a major contributor to lung disease progression and is associated with significant health risks, including exacerbations, mortality, and lung cancer. While environmental exposures, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been suggested as risk factors, their role in emphysema prediction has been largely overlooked. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict emphysema risk incorporating BFRs exposure data and demographic characteristics.

Identification of a novel ferroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death related signature based on a machine learning framework in colorectal cancer.

Background: Ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death play vital roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). The interplay between ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death (F-ICD) represents a promising frontier in cancer therapy. However, few studies have explored the combined regulatory effects of F-ICD in CRC.