Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis.

Introduction: Morphological and functional abnormalities of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) have emerged as a key mediator of organelle dysfunction during liver fibrosis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was investigated as a potential therapy for liver fibrosis with an unclear mechanism.

Objectives: Considering the changes of MAM quantity and gap distance during liver fibrosis, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and their potential as therapeutic targets for TMP in inhibiting liver fibrosis.

Disturbance of cytoskeleton induced by ligustilide promotes hepatic stellate cell senescence and ameliorates liver fibrosis.

Inducing the senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis, with potential connections to the Yes-associated protein (YAP)-controlled cGAS-STING pathway. However, the regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics on HSC senescence and its potential as a target for natural products have remained poorly understood. We employed preclinical and transcriptome analyses, experimental systems, Tmem173 mice and liver-specific STING knockdown mice to demonstrate the anti-fibrotic effects and mechanism of ligustilide (LIG).

WRKY transcription factors participate in abiotic stress responses mediated by sugar metabolism.

Plant abiotic stress refers to the unfavorable effects on plants caused by any abiotic factors in a specific environment, such as drought, high temperature, low temperature, etc., which cause disruption of plant physiology and metabolism, and seriously affect the growth and yield of plants. Mounting evidence demonstrates that WRKY transcription factors modulate plant abiotic stress responses by regulating sugar metabolic pathways.

Inflammatory Status Modifies the Association Between Glycemic Traits and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: The evidence regarding the modifying role of inflammation in the association between glycemic traits and cognitive impairment remains insufficient. This study aimed to explore the association between glycemic traits and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with particular emphasis on whether this association is influenced by varying levels of inflammation.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1437 patients with CAD who underwent cognitive function assessment during hospitalization.

OSFormer: One-Step Transformer for Infrared Video Small Object Detection.

Infrared video small object detection is pivotal in numerous security and surveillance applications. However, existing deep learning-based methods, which typically rely on a two-step paradigm of frame-by-frame detection followed by temporal refinement, struggle to effectively utilize temporal information. This is particularly challenging when detecting small objects against complex backgrounds.

Targeted delivery of BACE1 siRNA for synergistic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The deposition of toxic aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ), resulting from continuous cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have shown great potential for disease treatment by specifically silencing target genes. However, the poor brain delivery efficiency of siRNAs limits their therapeutic efficacy against AD.

Marine microplastics fuel long-range transport of radioactive nuclides: A review.

Growing concerns over microplastics in marine environments have intensified research into their interactions with radioactive nuclides, given microplastics' chemical stability and extensive specific surface area, which render them highly effective carriers for radionuclide adsorption. This review adopts a systematic methodology, incorporating a comprehensive literature survey of peer-reviewed articles published in the past decade, and critically analyzes experimental data from both field and laboratory studies. This article first synthesizes current knowledge on the origins, distribution patterns, and physicochemical properties of both microplastics (e.

Quinoa Protein/Sodium Alginate Complex-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion for Sustained Release of Curcumin and Enhanced Anticancer Activity Against HeLa Cells.

Quinoa protein isolate (QPI) and sodium alginate (SA) have excellent biocompatibility and functional properties, making them promising candidates for food-grade delivery systems. In this study, we developed, for the first time, a QPI/SA complex-stabilized Pickering emulsion for curcumin encapsulation. The coacervation behavior of QPI and SA was investigated from pH 1.

Research Progress on Biomaterials with Immunomodulatory Effects in Bone Regeneration.

The immune system plays a pivotal role in bone regeneration, and biomaterials engineered to modulate immune responses present a promising strategy for the treatment of extensive bone defects and osteolytic conditions. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in immunomodulatory biomaterials for bone repair, integrating perspectives from both immunology and materials science. It offers a comprehensive analysis of key design strategies and the underlying principles guiding the development of these biomaterials, with a particular focus on their physical and chemical properties, bioactive molecule delivery systems, cell transplantation techniques, and responses to external stimuli.

Rare taxa as the major drivers of the secondary metabolite accumulation in Rheum tanguticum.

Background: Rare taxa play a role in enhancing metabolism and plant growth. However, the construction and interactions of rare taxa within the soil‒plant continuum of medicinal plants and their impact on secondary metabolite accumulation remain poorly understood. Rheum tanguticum is a unique medicinal plant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Anthraquinones of alleviate lipid accumulation in obesity by regulating brown adipose tissue and liver function.

Objective: (CS, Juemingzi in Chinese) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of anthraquinones of CS (AQS) for adiposity.

Methods: The chemical components of the AQS were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Goal-oriented autonomous decision-making for social robots via collaborative interactive inverse reinforcement learning approach.

Since the practical constraints of unknown pedestrian goal information, research on inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) applied to social robots has focused on trajectory planning based on current motion direction, other pedestrians, and obstacles. However, social robots typically have clear navigation goals, and the practicality of the aforementioned methods is debatable. Moreover, trajectory prediction at longer distances also poses significant challenges for such trajectory planning methods.

Assessing the biomechanics of scheuermann's kyphosis affected thoracolumbar spine in forward flexion at the tissue-level using a finite element model.

Thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) secondary to Scheuermann's disease often leads to low back pain, which may be related to altered biomechanical properties of the spine. However, There is a lack of biomechanical studies in the literature that comprehensively evaluate tissue-level stresses and strains in the thoracolumbar spine affected by Scheuermann's kyphosis, particularly during functional motions such as forward flexion. This study analyzed biomechanical changes during forward flexion in TLK patients using musculoskeletal dynamics and finite element modeling.

Atrazine-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity: Involvement of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

The widespread use of atrazine (ATR), a commonly applied herbicide, has raised growing concerns about its neurotoxic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ATR disrupts hippocampal function by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Senkyunolide A ameliorates cholestatic liver fibrosis by controlling CLCC1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum Ca release.

Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by highly accumulated bile acids and cholangiocyte proliferation, resulting in the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. Calcium (Ca) signaling is commonly dysregulated in cholestasis and serves as an important regulator mediating cell proliferation. However, the role of Ca-mediated cholangiocyte proliferation and treatment strategies in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury remains poorly understood.

The role of photobiomodulation in modulating neural activity and brain function: A systematic bibliometric analysis.

This systematic bibliometric analysis evaluates the scientific evidence, impact, and trends of photobiomodulation (PBM) for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Analyzing 150 relevant PubMed-indexed studies (including 46 clinical trials) up to September 2024, we demonstrate PBM's positive effects on the CNS. Key mechanisms include enhanced ATP synthesis, modulated nitric oxide signaling, improved neuronal excitability, suppressed oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, and ion channel modulation.

Exploring the mechanisms of hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by cypermethrin: Insights from integrated miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq analysis.

Cypermethrin (CMN) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide known for its neurotoxic effects, particularly in the hippocampus. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we conducted integrated microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing in HT22 hippocampal cells treated with 400 μM CMN. We identified 36 differentially expressed miRNAs and 170 target mRNAs.

Potentiated Plastic and Genetic Adaptation to Copper Pollution in High-Density Populations of Water Fleas.

Rapid evolution is frequently observed in response to environmental stressors, but its trajectory is tightly modulated by population density, which influences both the magnitude and pace of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Using experimental evolution with copper selection and subsequent relaxation, we investigated how density-dependent processes interact with contaminant stress in shaping adaptive responses of the freshwater zooplankton . Elevated population densities significantly accelerated adaptive evolution to copper, as evidenced by increased population growth rates and reduced plasticity under stress.

Osimertinib plus chemotherapy versus osimertinib for patients with advanced NSCLC with concomitant EGFR and TP53 mutations: a prospective cohort study.

Osimertinib is the standard first-line options for patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Co-mutations in TP53 results in poor survival for patients. However, the studies on treatment options and clinical outcomes of patients with EGFR-TP53 co- mutation are limited.

Added value of dual-phase Tc-HYNIC-FAPI-04 SPECT/CT in postoperative follow-up of colorectal cancer.

Objective: To assess the added value of dual-phase Tc-HYNIC-FAPI-04 single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) compared with single-phase imaging in postoperative follow-up of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Early and delayed Tc-HYNIC-FAPI-04 SPECT/CT imaging were undertaken in 21 patients with CRC after surgery. The mean radioactivity count of the lesion site and abdominal aorta in secondary imaging was delineated and measured.

Synchronous responses to tidal restriction by seawall construction across fish and plankton communities in Yangtze River Estuary.

Tidal restriction caused by seawall construction exerts profound impacts on coastal wetland ecosystems, typically aimed at restoring vegetation and avian diversity. However, studies on non-target aquatic organisms under tidal restriction remain scarce. In our study, we hypothesized congruent responses of fish, zooplankton, and phytoplankton communities to tidal restriction between naturally unrestricted creeks and tide-restricted marshlands in Chongming Dongtan, Yangtze River Estuary.

Electrochemical site-selective C(sp)-H amination of alkyl substituted indoles and pyrroles.

Precise cleavage of a C(sp)-H bond among multi-C(sp)-H bonds with similar properties is highly valuable yet remains challenging. Herein, we develop an electrochemical site-selective C(sp)-H amination of C2-methyl/ethyl indoles and pyrroles, achieving moderate-to-high yields without the need for external oxidants or metal catalysts. The reaction exhibits excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate compatibility.

Modified arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation for treatment of Ideberg type III scapular glenoid fracture associated with acromioclavicular joint injury.

Objective: Ideberg type III scapular glenoid fracture associated with acromioclavicular joint injury is rare, as well as its therapeutic experience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modified arthroscopic-assisted treatment, and introduce our experience and surgical techniques.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients with Ideberg type III scapular glenoid fracture associated with acromioclavicular joint injury.