Atrazine-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity: Involvement of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

The widespread use of atrazine (ATR), a commonly applied herbicide, has raised growing concerns about its neurotoxic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ATR disrupts hippocampal function by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Exploring the mechanisms of hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by cypermethrin: Insights from integrated miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq analysis.

Cypermethrin (CMN) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide known for its neurotoxic effects, particularly in the hippocampus. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we conducted integrated microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing in HT22 hippocampal cells treated with 400 μM CMN. We identified 36 differentially expressed miRNAs and 170 target mRNAs.

Screening of astaxanthin-overproducing Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains via iterative ARTP mutagenesis and cell sorting by flow cytometry.

Aims: The astaxanthin-producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is widely used in aquaculture. Due to the production of carotenoid, this yeast shows visible color; however, high-throughput approaches for identification of astaxanthin-overproducing strains remain rare.

Methods And Results: This study verified an effective approach to identify astaxanthin-overproducing mutants of X.

A redescription of the rare eucyclopine copepod Eucyclops productus Kiefer, 1939 (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) and a ke to Eucyclops subgenera and species of China and adjacent areas.

The rare freshwater copepod Eucyclops (Speratocyclops) productus Kiefer, 1939 from Lake Mandongco, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, is redescribed. This species was originally found and described from a pond south of Chushul village, and many of the details did not meet modern standards for describing the species. In this paper, the morphological characteristics of this species are described in detail and compared with other members of the subgenus Speratocyclops species recorded in China.

GATA transcription factor WC2 regulates the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.

Astaxanthin is a type of carotenoid widely used as powerful antioxidant and colourant in aquaculture and the poultry industry. Production of astaxanthin by yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous has attracted increasing attention due to high cell density and low requirements of water and land compared to photoautotrophic algae. Currently, the regulatory mechanisms of astaxanthin synthesis in X.

Comprehensive Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Outcomes in Yeast .

DNA repair after Cas9 cutting can result in deletions/insertions, genomic rearrangements, and rare nucleotide substitutions. However, most work has only focused on deletions/insertions resulting from repair after CRISPR-Cas9 action. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the editing outcomes induced by CRISPR-Cas9 treatment in yeast by Sanger and Illumina sequencing and identified diverse DNA repair patterns, including DNA deletions, interchromosomal translocations, and on-target nucleotide substitutions (point mutations).

Metabolome and transcriptome profiling provide insights into green apple peel reveals light- and UV-B-responsive pathway in anthocyanins accumulation.

Background: In nature, green apple are associated with the accumulation of chlorophyll, while red apple varieties are associated with anthocyanins accumulation. Notably, in this study, the green skin color apple variety 'white winter pearmain' treated with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exhibited red skins and marked anthocyanin accumulation, while visible light could not. But there are few reports on the biosynthesis difference of anthocyanins in green apple by visible light and UV-B-treatment.

The severe toxicity of CuO nanoparticles to the photosynthesis of the prokaryotic algae Arthrospira sp.

This research first verified that prokaryotic algae are more sensitive to toxicity of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) than eukaryotic algae and that CuO NPs damaged photosynthesis of prokaryotic algae (Arthrospira sp.) but had no effect on respiration. The Cu released by CuO NPs caused a bending deformation of the thylakoid, which was an important cause of the decline in photosynthetic capacity.

Cadmium-induced genome-wide DNA methylation changes in growth and oxidative metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster.

Background: Cadmium (Cd)-containing chemicals can cause serious damage to biological systems. In animals and plants, Cd exposure can lead to metabolic disorders or death. However, for the most part the effects of Cd on specific biological processes are not known.

Mechanism of long-term toxicity of CuO NPs to microalgae.

Little is known regarding the detailed mechanism of CuO NPs' toxicity to microalgal primary metabolism pathway. Photosynthesis and respiration are the most important primary metabolism and the main sources of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the effect of CuO NPs on both of them has not been systematically studied to date. Our research demonstrated that long-term treatment with CuO NPs significantly inhibited activities of photosynthesis and respiration in microalgae, and the photosynthesis was more sensitive to the toxicity of CuO NPs than respiration.

Dangguishaoyao-San attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation via the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Introduction: Dangguishaoyao-San (DSS) is composed of six traditional Chinese medicines, including Angelica sinensis, Paeoniae radix, Rhizoma Ligusticum, Poria cocos, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and Rhizoma Alismatis. DSS has been reported to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of DSS in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells.