A Drosophila single-cell 3D spatiotemporal multi-omics atlas unveils panoramic key regulators of cell-type differentiation.

The development of a multicellular organism is a highly intricate process tightly regulated by numerous genes and pathways in both spatial and temporal manners. Here, we present Flysta3D-v2, a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of the model organism Drosophila spanning its developmental lifespan from embryo to pupa. Our datasets encompass 3D single-cell spatial transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, and single-cell chromatin accessibility information.

CT-Denoimer: efficient contextual transformer network for low-dose CT denoising.

. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) effectively reduces radiation exposure to patients, but introduces severe noise artifacts that affect diagnostic accuracy. Recently, Transformer-based network architectures have been widely applied to LDCT image denoising, generally achieving superior results compared to traditional convolutional methods.

CsCO-N,N-Dimethylacetamide-Promoted Esterification of Arylformic Acids with a-Bromo Esters via Nucleophilic Substitution.

Herein, a nucleophilic substitution reaction between arylformic acids and α-bromo esters, facilitated by a CsCO-DMA system, is reported. This reaction occurs under mild conditions, yielding a diverse range of valuable lactic acid derivatives (34 examples) with good to excellent yields (up to 97%). Subtle factors, such as the ion-dipole interactions between CsCO, the substrates, and the solvent, may significantly influence the dynamics of the S2 reaction.

Recent advances in the role of polysaccharides in liver diseases: a review.

Liver diseases are a serious health problem worldwide, especially with a sustained increase in the burden of it every year. However, drugs commonly used in patients have limited efficacy and serious adverse reactions associated with long-term use. Therefore, it is urgent to find effective and safe alternatives.

METTL14-mediated mA methylation of pri-miR-5099 to facilitate cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in myocardial infarction.

N-methyladenosine (mA) modification is an important mechanism in microRNA processing and maturation. Previous studies show the involvement of pri-miRNA methylation in regulating the occurrence and development of tumor-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of its aberrant regulation in cardiac diseases.

Can ACR TI-RADS predict the malignant risk of medullary thyroid cancer?

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) based on the 2017 Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System by the American College of Radiology (ACR TI-RADS) guideline, and the ability to recommend fine needle aspiration (FNA) for MTC.

Methods: Fifty-six MTCs were included, and 168 benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) and 168 papillary thyroid nodules (PTCs) were matched according to age. Ultrasound (US) features were reviewed according to ACR TI-RADS.

A covalent creatine kinase inhibitor ablates glioblastoma migration and sensitizes tumors to oxidative stress.

Glioblastoma is a Grade 4 primary brain tumor defined by therapy resistance, diffuse infiltration, and near-uniform lethality. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and no treatment has been curative. Using a recently developed creatine kinase inhibitor (CKi), we explored the role of this inhibitor on GBM biology in vitro.

Opioid Nonadherence Risk Prediction of Patients with Cancer-Related Pain Based on Five Machine Learning Algorithms.

Objectives: Opioid nonadherence represents a significant barrier to cancer pain treatment efficacy. However, there is currently no effective prediction method for opioid adherence in patients with cancer pain. We aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model and evaluate its feasibility to predict opioid nonadherence in patients with cancer pain.

The CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in glioblastoma modulates T-cell activity in a spatiotemporal context.

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathobiology is characterized by its significant induction of immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, predominantly mediated by immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in shaping the GBM microenvironment and influencing immune responses, with direct interactions with effector immune cells critically impacting these processes.

Methods: Our study investigates the role of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in T-cell myeloid interactions within GBM tissues.

Myeloid cell-derived creatine in the hypoxic niche promotes glioblastoma growth.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy dominated by the infiltration of tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Examination of TAMC metabolic phenotypes in mouse models and patients with GBM identified the de novo creatine metabolic pathway as a hallmark of TAMCs. Multi-omics analyses revealed that TAMCs surround the hypoxic peri-necrotic regions of GBM and express the creatine metabolic enzyme glycine amidinotransferase (GATM).

STING agonist-loaded, CD47/PD-L1-targeting nanoparticles potentiate antitumor immunity and radiotherapy for glioblastoma.

As a key component of the standard of care for glioblastoma, radiotherapy induces several immune resistance mechanisms, such as upregulation of CD47 and PD-L1. Here, leveraging these radiotherapy-elicited processes, we generate a bridging-lipid nanoparticle (B-LNP) that engages tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) to glioblastoma cells via anti-CD47/PD-L1 dual ligation. We show that the engager B-LNPs block CD47 and PD-L1 and promote TAMC phagocytic activity.

High Diagnostic Accuracy of Epigenetic Imprinting Biomarkers in Thyroid Nodules.

Purpose: To explore the novel diagnostic value of epigenetic imprinting biomarkers in thyroid nodules.

Patients And Methods: A total of 550 patients with fine-needle aspiration (FNA)-evaluated and histopathologically confirmed thyroid nodules were consecutively recruited from eight medical centers. Quantitative chromogenic imprinted gene in situ hybridization (QCIGISH) was used to assess the allelic expression of imprinted genes and , on the basis of which a diagnostic grading model for thyroid nodules was developed.

Ultrasound-based computer-aided diagnosis for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with different radiologists.

Purpose: To evaluate a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technique in predicting malignancy for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (TNs) as compared with different experienced radiologists.

Method: 436 patients with 436 cytologically indeterminate TNs on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were included and all were confirmed by surgical pathology. They were retrospectively analyzed with respect to ultrasound (US) characteristics using a commercially available CAD system (AmCAD-UT; AmCad BioMed, Taiwan, China) and reviewed by one junior and one senior radiologists.

Clinical Observation of the Effects of Oral Opioid on Inflammatory Cytokines and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Moderate to Severe Cancer Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Recent studies have revealed that inflammation is a key factor in the causation of opioid analgesic tolerance. Opioids can induce a massive release of inflammatory cytokines and disruption of intestinal barrier function by activating Toll-like receptors 2/4 (TLR2/4), eventually resulting to sustained bacterial transmission and persistent systemic inflammation. However, most of the relevant analyses available were conducted at the level of animal experiments.

Vision-Based Defect Inspection and Condition Assessment for Sewer Pipes: A Comprehensive Survey.

Due to the advantages of economics, safety, and efficiency, vision-based analysis techniques have recently gained conspicuous advancements, enabling them to be extensively applied for autonomous constructions. Although numerous studies regarding the defect inspection and condition assessment in underground sewer pipelines have presently emerged, we still lack a thorough and comprehensive survey of the latest developments. This survey presents a systematical taxonomy of diverse sewer inspection algorithms, which are sorted into three categories that include defect classification, defect detection, and defect segmentation.

Silencing ATF4 inhibits JMJD3-dependent JUNB/ETS1 axis and mitigates cerebral ischemic injury.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is known to play an important role in cerebral ischemia through apoptosis and neuron regulation. Histone demethylase JMJD3, specifically removing the methylation of H3K27me3, is highlighted to attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, few studies have explored the interaction between ATF4 and JMJD3 in this disease.

Genetic and Clinical Factors Associated with Opioid Response in Chinese Han Patients with Cancer Pain: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that genetic variation and environmental factors are associated with individual differences in therapeutic efficacy and side effects of opioids. However, the focus of these studies has been on a single factor of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes, for which results have rarely been validated. For complex traits, such as cancer pain and opioid response, interactions between multiple genetic variation and environmental factors need to be considered to explain the opioid individual differences.

Overexpression of ORX or MCH Protects Neurological Function Against Ischemic Stroke.

In recent years, orexin (ORX) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) have been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective roles in cerebral ischemia. Hence, this study investigated the regulatory function of ORX and MCH in neurological function following ischemic stroke and explored the molecular mechanism underlying these functions. A rat model of ischemic stroke was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and Longa scoring was employed to evaluate the degree of neurological function deficit.

Practice, Knowledge, and Attitude of Health Care Providers regarding Cancer Pain Management: A National Survey.

Background: A lack of knowledge and inadequate practices of health care providers (HCPs) are the main obstacles to effective cancer pain management (CPM). The main objective of the study was to evaluate the CPM knowledge, CPM practice, and attitudes towards pharmacists' participation and advanced methods in CPM of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in China.

Methods: An open online survey was adopted using social media software (WeChat) as the platform to conduct a nationwide survey of HCPs involved in CPM in public medical institutions at all levels in China from March to June 2019.

Robust Korean License Plate Recognition Based on Deep Neural Networks.

With the rapid rise of private vehicles around the world, License Plate Recognition (LPR) plays a vital role in supporting the government to manage vehicles effectively. However, an introduction of new types of license plate (LP) or slight changes in the LP format can break previous LPR systems, as they fail to recognize the LP. Moreover, the LPR system is extremely sensitive to the conditions of the surrounding environment.

Does PSA level affect the choice of prostate puncture methods among MRI-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy, transrectal ultrasound systematic biopsy or the combination of both?

Objectives: To explore whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) affects the choice of prostate puncture methods by comparing MRI-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy (MRI-TBx) with transrectal ultrasound systematic biopsy (TRUS-SBx) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa), clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and non-clinically significant prostate cancer (nsPCa) in different PSA groups (<10.0,10.0-20.

Investigate on the Mechanism of HfO/SiGe Interface Passivation Based on Low-Temperature Ozone Oxidation and Si-Cap Methods.

The interface passivation of the HfO/SiGe stack is systematically investigated based on low-temperature ozone oxidation and Si-cap methods. Compared with the AlO/SiGe stack, the dispersive feature and interface state density (D) of the HfO/SiGe stack MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) capacitor under ozone direct oxidation (pre-O sample) increases obviously. This is because the tiny amounts of GeO in the formed interlayer (IL) oxide layer are more likely to diffuse into HfO and cause the HfO/SiGe interface to deteriorate.

Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19.

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading globally. Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. Several biochemical studies show strong binding of heparin and heparin-like molecules to the Spike protein, which resulted in inhibition of viral infection to cells.

The Potential of Low Molecular Weight Heparin to Mitigate Cytokine Storm in Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. However, specific anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are still under development, and patients are managed by multiple complementary treatments. We performed a retrospective analysis to compare and evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on disease progression.

A Comparative Analysis of Two Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Patterns with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Performance and Unnecessary Biopsy Rate.

The risk stratification system of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) for thyroid nodules is affected by low diagnostic specificity. Machine learning (ML) methods can optimize the diagnostic performance in medical image analysis. However, it is unknown which ML-based diagnostic pattern is more effective in improving diagnostic performance for thyroid nodules and reducing nodule biopsies.