Toward Disentangled and Controllable Deep Metric Learning With Human-Like Concept Decomposition.

Deep metric learning (DML) has shown significant advancements in learning discriminative embeddings for images, playing a crucial role in various vision tasks. However, existing methods typically rely on deep neural networks to extract holistic embeddings, which are challenging to disentangle and interpret. To address this issue, we take inspiration from human cognition, where objects are decomposed into distinct concepts for better understanding.

A Drosophila single-cell 3D spatiotemporal multi-omics atlas unveils panoramic key regulators of cell-type differentiation.

The development of a multicellular organism is a highly intricate process tightly regulated by numerous genes and pathways in both spatial and temporal manners. Here, we present Flysta3D-v2, a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of the model organism Drosophila spanning its developmental lifespan from embryo to pupa. Our datasets encompass 3D single-cell spatial transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, and single-cell chromatin accessibility information.

Three different screw trajectories in single segment fixation: a finite element analysis and biomechanical study.

Backgroud Context: Conventional pedicle screw (CPS) fixation in osteoporotic spines presents significant challenges. Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws can enhance screw holding power by increasing contact with cortical bone. However, the standard CBT (S-CBT) screws may encounter a series of problems such as stress concentration and diminished fatigue resistance.

Protein phosphatase 2A B'α and B'β promote pollen wall construction partially through BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1-activated cysteine protease gene CEP1 in Arabidopsis.

A well-constructed pollen wall is essential for pollen fertility, which relies on the contribution of the tapetum. Our results demonstrated an essential role of the tapetum-expressed protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B'α and B'β in pollen wall formation. The b'aβ double mutant pollen grain harboured sticky remnants and tectum breakages, resulting in failed release.

A negative feedback regulatory module comprising R3-MYB repressor MYBL2 and R2R3-MYB activator PAP1 fine-tunes high light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids, play diverse roles in plant growth and environmental adaptation. The biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin are regulated by environmental cues, such as high light. However, the precise mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis under high light conditions remains largely unclear.

Molecular Insights into the Inhibition and Disaggregation Effects of EGCG on Aβ40 and Aβ42 Cofibrillation.

The misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ40 and Aβ42, the two primary isoforms of Aβ, can not only self-aggregate into homogeneous aggregates but also coaggregate to form mixed fibrils. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a prominent tea polyphenol, has shown the capability to prevent the self-aggregation of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides and disaggregate their homogeneous fibrils.

ACx-projecting cholinergic neurons in the NB influence the BLA ensembles to modulate the discrimination of auditory fear memory.

Animals need discriminating auditory fear memory (DAFM) to survive, but the related neural circuits of DAFM remain largely unknown. Our study shows that DAFM depends on acetylcholine (ACh) signal in the auditory cortex (ACx), which is projected from the nucleus basalis (NB). At the encoding stage, optogenetic inhibition of cholinergic projections of NB-ACx obfuscates distinct tone-responsive neurons of ACx recognizing from fear-paired tone to fear-unpaired tone signals, while simultaneously regulating the neuronal activity and reactivation of basal lateral amygdala (BLA) engram cells at the retrieval stage.

Midline Lumbar Fusion Versus Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Involving L5-S1 For Degenerative Lumbar Diseases: A Comparative Study.

Background: A retrospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midline lumbar fusion (MIDLF) for lumbosacral fusion compared to posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

Methods: Patients who had undergone posterior lumbosacral fusion surgery were divided into a MIDLF group (n = 37) and a PLIF group (n = 42). The follow-up time was at least 12 months.

Radiological and clinical outcomes of midline lumbar fusion on sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters for degenerative lumbar diseases.

Background: Improving the sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters after fusion surgery is important for improving clinical outcomes. The impact of midline lumbar fusion (MIDLF) on sagittal lumbar-pelvic alignment for the management of degenerative lumbar diseases is still unknown.

Aim: To analyze the effects of short-segment MIDLF and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) on sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters.

Multi-band orbital angular momentum mode-division multiplexing by a compact set of microstrip ring-shaped resonator antenna.

Optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have received much attention due to the prospects of their use in terahertz communications, biomedical engineering, and imaging. Here we propose an antenna design for the generation of multiple beams carrying OAM with different topological states at the same frequency. The proposed OAM generator is based on a compact set of microstrip ring-shaped resonators.

Directional growth of quasi-2D CuO monocrystals on rGO membranes in aqueous environments.

The preparation technology of unconventional low-dimensional CuO monocrystals, which exhibit specific crystal planes and present significantly unique interfacial and physicochemical properties, is attracting increasing attention and interest. Herein, by integrating a high-temperature oxidation process under vacuum and a pure-water incubation process under ambient conditions, we propose the self-assembled growth and synthesis of quasi-two-dimensional CuO monocrystals on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes. The prepared CuO crystals have a single (110) crystal plane, regular rectangular morphology, and potentially well conductivity.

Thoracolumbar surgery for degenerative spine diseases complicated with tethered cord syndrome: A case report.

Background: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) secondary to split cord malformation (SCM) is rare in adulthood. There is as yet no consensus about the optimal treatment method for adult patients with SCMs and degenerative spine diseases such as lumbar stenosis, spondylolisthesis and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). The tethered cord poses a great challenge to the decompression and fusion procedures for the intraoperative stretching of the spinal cord, which might lead to deteriorated neural deficits.

A Novel Calcium Phosphate-Based Nanocomposite for Augmentation of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Fixation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cement augmentation of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws using a novel calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite (CPN).

Material And Methods: CBT screws were placed into cadaveric lumbar vertebrae. Depending on the material used for augmentation, they were divided into the following three groups: CPN, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and control.

Heat Shock-Induced Accumulation of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Like Kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 Promotes Early Flowering but Reduces Thermotolerance in .

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant growth- and development-regulating phytohormones. When applied exogenously, BRs ameliorate heat shock (HS)-induced cell damage and enhance plant thermotolerance; however, the molecular mechanism by which BRs regulate plant thermotolerance is unknown. In this study, by analyzing the thermotolerance of a series of BR signaling mutants and plants that overexpressed different BR signaling components, we obtained comprehensive data showing that BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) plays a major role in mediating the crosstalk between BR signaling and plant HS responses.

A Biomechanical Study on Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Fixation Augmented With Cement in Osteoporotic Spines.

Study Design: A biomechanical study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation.

Methods: Forty-nine CBT screws were inserted into lumbar vertebrae guided by three-dimensionally printed templates, and then injected with 0, .

Environmental geochemical maps of harmful trace elements in Chinese coalfields.

Coal resource utilization and environmental protection is a critical global issue. This study aims to address the need for geochemical maps of harmful trace elements (HTEs) in Chinese coalfields and to extract scientific information from these maps. Based on data extracted from the Trace Elements in Coal of China database, geochemical maps of As, Cd, Cr, F, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Se in Chinese coalfields were generated, for the first time, using the ArcGIS platform.

The Biomechanical Properties of Cement-Augmented Pedicle Screws for Osteoporotic Spines.

Study Design: This is a broad, narrative review of the literature.

Objective: In this review, we describe recent biomechanics studies on cement-augmented pedicle screws for osteoporotic spines to determine which factors influence the effect of cement augmentation.

Methods: A search of Medline was performed, combining the search terms "pedicle screw" and ("augmentation" OR "cement").

Spatial distribution of harmful trace elements in Chinese coalfields: An application of WebGIS technology.

Harmful trace elements in coal have caused serious damage to the environment and human health. Understanding their spatial distribution is helpful for environmental health assessment and for their effective control and utilization. To further explore the geospatial distribution of harmful trace elements found in Chinese coals, this work constructed the Trace Elements in Chinese Coals Database Management System (TECC), and analysed the spatial distribution of harmful trace elements by applying spatial data algorithms and visual technology of WebGIS.

[Preliminary study on transgenic cell sheet with cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein].

Objective: To construct a transgenic cell sheet of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP1) by adenovirus vector in vitro and to identify its biological activity.

Methods: The bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of 1-month-old rabbit, and cultured in vitro. The 3rd-6th generation of BMSCs were used for experiment.