Development of biodegradable starch-based lambda-cyhalothrin microcapsules for sustainable long-term pest control and enhanced utilization efficacy.

The inefficiency of traditional pesticides leads to significant resource waste, severe environmental pollution, and potential threats to human health. Pesticide microcapsules present a promising strategy for developing environmentally friendly, safe, and sustained-release formulations. In this study, we produced degradable starch nanocrystals (SNCs) via acid hydrolysis and employed octenyl succinic anhydride-modified SNCs (O-SNCs) to fabricate pesticide microcapsules.

Simulation of adipose tissue restructured by cyclodextrin-gellan gum based emulsion gel.

Plant-based meats have emerged as a promising alternative to reduce consumption of traditional animal-based foods. However, it is still a challenge to substitute animal adipose tissue by plant-based ingredients nowadays. The existing emulsion gel systems are difficult to mimic the distinctive cookability of animal adipose tissue.

Rice protein peptides alleviate lipid accumulation modulating liver metabolism and remodeling the gut microbiota in HFD-induced mice.

Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for lipid metabolism disorder and gut health impairment. Rice protein peptides (RPs) have emerged as promising interventions for hyperlipidemia management, owing to their safety profile, bioavailability, and cost-effectiveness. However, comprehensive investigations into their anti-hyperlipidemic effects and underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.

Starch-based biodegradable active intelligent packaging with color superimposition via emulsion electrospinning nanofiber for meat freshness monitoring and shelf-life extension.

Developing sustainable and multifunctional intelligent packaging systems has emerged as a highly promising approach to reducing plastic pollution, minimizing food waste, and enhancing food safety. In this research, a biodegradable intelligent active packaging with a dual pH-responsive system was created by incorporating fat-soluble curcumin (CUR) and water-soluble roselle anthocyanins (RSA) into core and shell, respectively, of starch-based fibers using emulsion electrospinning. Octenyl succinic anhydride starch/polyvinyl alcohol complexes functioned as both fiber wall materials and emulsifiers, stabilizing double-loaded nano-emulsions (88.

Polysaccharides Attenuate Cardiac Injury by Inhibiting CaMKII-Mediated P38/NF-[Formula: see text]B/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway to Reduce Sepsis-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and often results in cardiac damage and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of polysaccharides (PCP) on sepsis-induced cardiac injury and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. An sepsis model was established, and an myocardial cell model was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a sepsis environment.

Ultrasensitive Detection via Machine Learning-Optimized Bacterial-Imprinted Photoelectrochemical Biosensor with Active/Passive Dual-Mode Validation.

Currently, the existing detection platforms face persistent challenges in achieving reliable bacterial identification within complex matrices, particularly in food and environmental specimens, where matrix interference effects substantially compromise analytical sensitivity. Herein, we utilize a combination of and 4-ethynacetophenone (4-EAP, functional monomer) to create a novel "Bidirectional" BIPs-PEC biosensor and take advantage of bacterial imprinting technology (BIT) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) to detect with precise identification and high sensitivity detection. Under positive bias voltage (active mode), as the cavities in the BIPs were occupied by , it drives the electrostatic interaction between 4-EAP and the negatively charged cell membrane of and hydrophobic interactions, facilitating the effective transfer of multitudinous photo-generated electrons to Conversely, negative bias application triggers passive mode operation, where the negatively charged electrode surface generates electrostatic repulsion against cells while suppressing alkyne group reactivity, hindering electron transfer.

Patterns of toxic side effects and prognostic factors in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, characterized by poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causes of death and treatment-related toxicities in esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), to identify key prognostic factors. Clinical data from 79 patients were analyzed retrospectively, assessing survival outcomes, toxic side effects, and primary causes of death.

Molecularly imprinted multifunctional polymer-modified single-atom-homojunctions for sensitive photoelectrochemical Escherichia coli O157:H7 sensing.

Background: Foodborne illnesses induced by foodborne pathogenic bacteria pose a tremendous risk to human health and result in massive economic losses. Therefore, the development of rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogenic bacteria is one of the major measures to safeguard food safety. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors have emerged as an attractive method for the determination of pathogenic bacteria in environmental surveillance.

Research Progress in and Defect Improvement Measures for Laser Cladding.

Laser cladding, a cutting-edge surface modification technique for metals, offers a novel approach to enhancing the wear and corrosion resistance of substrates due to its rapid heating and cooling capabilities, precise control over coating thickness and dilution rates, and non-contact processing characteristics. However, disparities in the physical properties between the coating material and the substrate, coupled with the improper utilization of process parameters, can lead to coating defects, thereby compromising the quality of the coating. This paper examines the effects of material systems and process parameters on laser cladding composite coatings and shows that cracking is mainly caused by thermal and residual stresses.

Catestatin alleviates PASMC phenotypic switching-mediated pulmonary arterial remodeling in a rat model of MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by promoting endothelium-derived no synthesis.

Background: Enhancing the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway is an effective strategy for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous research has found that Catestatin (CST) exerts a negative inotropic effect by upregulating NO production. However, the effect of CST on PAH remains unclear.

Prefilled and Concerted Ion Transport Mechanism in Hierarchical Porous Carbons for Ultra-Fast Energy Storage.

Hierarchical porous structures have been extensively reported for their efficiency in achieving fast charging and high energy density in electrochemical capacitors. However, the microscopic dynamic mechanism through which hierarchical pores enhance ion transport and storage remains unclear. Here, we synthesize hierarchical mesopore-micropore carbons with varying mesopore contents of approximately 5 nm in size using a tunable "structure inheritance" strategy for comparative investigation.

Around-the-clock noise exposure induces hippocampus apoptosis and subsequent cognitive impairment via the PI3K/SGK1/Foxo3 signaling pathway.

Background: Noise exposure is an environmental stressor associated with cognitive impairment. Workers in specific work environments are often exposed to around-the-clock noise and experience severe emotional and cognitive dysfunctions associated with neuropathology similar to Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been extensively investigated.

Characterization of OSA-starch/tea polyphenol complexes with enhanced oil-water interfacial properties by molecular dynamics simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry.

Modifying the structure of natural emulsifiers can significantly alter their bulk properties and interfacial behavior. In this study, the binding mechanisms and interfacial adsorption of octenyl succinic anhydride starch (OSA-starch)/ epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) complexes were investigated for developing functional emulsifiers. Molecular dynamics simulations and isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that OSA-starch and EGCG interacted via van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding.

Novel low-fat Pickering emulsion gels stabilized by β-cyclodextrin and κ-carrageenan.

Animal cream, favored for its pleasant flavor, has consumption limitations due to its high anhydrous milk fat (AMF) content. In this study, a novel low-fat Pickering emulsion gel (LPEG) stabilized by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and κ-carrageenan (KC) was fabricated to simulate an animal cream. The particle size of LPEG containing 30 % AMF (12.

Cutting-Edge Exploration of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Coupled Electrochemiluminescence Mechanism Based on Organic Cation Side-Chain Construction for the Identification and Detection of O157: H7.

In this paper, an organic semiconductor bacterial biosensor was developed for selective detection of facultative anaerobic O157: H7, which combines electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bacterial imprinted polymer technologies. Fe and Mn were used to prepare irregular nanocluster ECL emitters (Fe-Mn NCs) via CuO, which served as excellent catalysts in the cathodic coreactant (KSO) reaction system, to enhance the ECL signal intensity. Through electropolymerization, the cationic side chains of functional monomers could bind to proteins (such as cytochrome proteins) on the cell membrane of O157: H7 under aerobic conditions, and transfer to the interior of O157: H7 and participate in the cyclic regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which greatly amplifies the detected ECL signal and accelerates the consumption of oxygen by the respiratory chain.

Comparison of the effects of metformin and empagliflozin on cardiac function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction mice.

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that empagliflozin (EMPA) and metformin (MET) may improve prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. This study aims to compare their effects on cardiac structure and function in HFpEF.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with L-NAME for 8 weeks to induce HFpEF, followed by 4 weeks of MET or EMPA treatment.

In Situ Polymerization of Long Alkyl Chain Functional Groups Enhances the Oil-Water Separation Performance of Porous Organic Polymers.

The preparation of superhydrophobic functional materials is of great significance for applications in oil pollution control. However, the materials synthesized by traditional post-modification methods usually suffer from problems of limited active sites, uneven distribution, and susceptibility of the surface structure to external factors, which may significantly affect their superhydrophobic properties. In this study, the superhydrophobic porous organic polymer LNU-32 was successfully prepared via in situ polymerization with the introduction of green, low-surface-energy, long-alkyl-chain functional groups into the pores, which formed a "brush-like" structure on the pore surface of the polymer and effectively enhanced its hydrophobicity.

An Integrated Experimental Method for Investigating Sequential Injection Acidizing in Carbonate Formation.

Sequential injection acidizing is usually applied for acid diversion and, in recent years, for achieving deep acid penetration in high-temperature reservoirs. However, there is limited research on the impact of this technique on wormholing. Building on a successful application of this technique in a 180 °C carbonate formation, this study investigates its underlying mechanisms, particularly its impact on wormhole development.

Enhancing ablation outcomes: vein of Marshall ethanol infusion in persistent atrial fibrillation with severe left atrial enlargement.

Background: Left atrial (LA) enlargement is a widely recognized factor that increases the risk of ablation failure in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This retrospective, observational study aimed to assess the influence of vein of Marshall (VOM) ethanol infusion (VOM-EI) on persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) ablation among patients with severe LA enlargement.

Methods: In this research, 178 patients underwent the VOM-EI followed by the radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedure, which was based on circumferential pulmonary vein antrum (CPVA) ablation and linear ablation of the roof of the LA and the mitral isthmus (MI).

Structural and gelation properties of soy protein isolates-sesbania gum gels: effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and CaSO concentration.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of ultrasound treatment on the structural and gelation properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)-sesbania gum (SG) composite gels induced by varying concentrations of CaSO. The results showed that ultrasound treatment at amplitudes ranging from 20 % to 60 % for 10 min improved protein solubility, rheological properties and gel strength. The addition of CaSO (15 to 35 mM) further increased gel hardness but caused a decline in the water-holding capacity (WHC).

Effects of ionic liquids with different alkyl chain lengths and heat treatment on the physicochemical properties of high amylose maize starch and its resultant inclusion complex.

This study investigated the effects of ionic liquid (ILi) with different cationic alkyl chain lengths (ACLen) on the dissolution behaviour of high-amylose maize starch (HAMStarch) and V-type complex formation under heat treatment. Results showed that the destruction degree of HAMStarch in a water/ILi solution increased with increasing temperature. At 70 °C, the polarisation cross of HAMStarch completely disappeared and the short-range molecular order was significantly decreased.

Dispersion hardening using amorphous nanoparticles deployed via additive manufacturing.

Nanoparticles or precipitates are long used to block dislocations to strengthen metals. However, this strengthening mechanism unavoidably adds stress concentrations at the obstacles, instigating crack initiation that hampers ductility. Here, we demonstrate a strategy that replaces the traditional crystalline dispersions with dense amorphous nanoparticles, which is made possible via laser powder bed fusion.

Multiresponsive Zein Nanospheres for Avermectin B Delivery: Enhancing Root-Knot Nematode Control and Safety to Nontarget Organisms.

Root-knot nematodes are globally prevalent plant-parasitic pests, distinguished by their widespread distribution, extensive host range, and challenging control measures. Avermectin B, one of the few effective nematicides available, faces limitations in efficacy and poses environmental concerns due to its eco-unfriendly composition and poor utilization in traditional emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations. In this study, we developed core-shell structured Ave B-BS@Zein@SC nanospheres, incorporating zein as the carrier, sodium caseinate as the stabilizer, and butyl stearate as the temperature "switch".

Mapping of identity by descent reveals genes shaping morphology and biological traits in the cultivated lettuce varieties during the long-term crossbreeding.

The domestication of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has resulted in its unique leaf morphology, making it one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops worldwide. The development of sequencing technology provides the opportunity to thoroughly investigate how the genomic variants contribute to the distinct morphology and biological traits of various major cultivated lettuce varieties such as Butterhead, Crisphead and Cos, which remains largely unknown.