Artificial intelligence in electroencephalography analysis for epilepsy diagnosis and management.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder primarily diagnosed using electroencephalography (EEG). Traditional EEG interpretation relies on manual analysis, which suffers from high misdiagnosis rates and inefficiency.

Methods: This review systematically evaluates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML), into EEG analysis for epilepsy management.

Machine learning-aided design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3‑carbonyl) phenyl urea derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors.

FLT3 protein kinase is a promising target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the development of this kinase inhibitor is highly desirable to overcome FLT3-positive AML. Herein, the bioactive predictions and screening were conducted based on our previous machine learning model in this work. Using ZY06 as a candidate, the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3‑carbonyl) phenyl urea derivatives as novel FLT3 inhibitors were systematically investigated.

Decoding population PM exposure in China: interplay of emissions, meteorology, and inequality (2013-2020).

Over the past decade, China has significantly improved air quality by integrating environmental policies with economic growth. Yet, environmental inequality remains a major challenge to social equity and sustainable development. This study examines the socioeconomic impacts of PM exposure using population data from 1,317 county towns across 32 provinces (2013-2020), employing meteorological normalization and population-weighted exposure indices.

Correction: Analysis of prognostic factors and nomogram construction for postoperative survival of triple-negative breast cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.

Land-use change from wheat fields to kiwifruit orchards increases fluoride accumulation and associated environmental risks.

Large areas of grain-crop farmland in Shaanxi have recently been converted to kiwifruit orchards, accompanied by intensive inputs including phosphate fertilizer and high-frequency irrigation. While the link between phosphate fertilizer and fluoride accumulation is known, the long-term impact of land-use change to high-input kiwifruit orchards on fluoride accumulation and vertical distribution is still unclear, especially in this region. We investigated the effects of this land-use change on soil fluoride accumulation and associated environmental risks by collecting soil samples (0-100 cm depth) from wheat fields and 10-, 20-, and 30-year-old kiwifruit orchards in Zhouzhi and Meixian counties-major kiwifruit-producing regions of Shaanxi.

Aperiodic optical phased array with wide field of view and high sidelobe suppression ratio based on SiN-on-SOI platform.

This paper presents an aperiodic optical phased array (OPA) based on a dual-layer emission grating on a SiN-on-SOI platform. The dual-layer grating offers advantages in terms of integration process feasibility and large process tolerance. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the emission array.

Construction and validation of a cell-in-cell related prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cell-in-cell structures (CICs) and their biological roles contribute to disease development, particularly in cancer. However, the roles of CIC-associated genes (CICGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. This study sought to establish a a CICGs-linked HCC signature and assess its predictive significance.

Near-infrared quantum dot-doped hydrogel fiber for ratio-metric fluorescence sensing of Cu ions.

Copper ions () play critical roles in biological systems but induce toxicity at elevated concentrations. This study, to our knowledge, reports a novel ratio-metric fluorescence sensor based on near-infrared (NIR)-emissive PbS quantum dot (QD)-doped hydrogel fiber sensor for real-time, selective detection of . The sensor employs a biocompatible and mechanically flexible HF with a core-cladding structure to confine light within the core for efficient transmission.

A sprayable TQ/Ce6@SAB/F-gel for accelerating wound healing via hypoxia-tolerant photodynamic therapy and immune-metabolic pathway.

Chronic diabetic wounds are characterized by hypoxia, persistent microbial infection, and impaired healing, posing significant challenges to conventional therapies. Herein, we present a novel sprayable double-network hydrogel platform designed to achieve efficient antimicrobial activity and accelerated wound repair under hypoxic conditions by leveraging a type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immune-metabolic regulatory strategy. Specifically, we employ salvianolic acid B (SAB) to form a self-assembled hydrogel (SAB-gel) and incorporate fibrin to construct a robust and acidic double-network SAB/F-gel with enhanced mechanical strength and acidic environment.

Discovery of novel pyrimidine-4,6-diamine-based OLIG2 inhibitors as potent anti-glioblastoma agents.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we report the rational design and synthesis of a novel series of pyrimidine-4,6-diamine derivatives targeting OLIG2, a critical transcription factor involved in GBM progression. Among the synthesized compounds, B01 emerged as a potent and selective OLIG2 inhibitor, exhibiting strong anti-proliferative activity in U87 and U251 cells with IC values of 7.

NRAC controls CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake in adipocytes and lipid clearance in vivo.

Adipose tissue is a central organiser of systemic lipid homeostasis and a pharmacological target in obesity, orchestrating cellular responses to environmental cues. Nutritionally regulated adipose and cardiac enriched protein (NRAC) is a small adipocyte-specific transmembrane protein with unknown function. Here, we show that Nrac directly interacts with scavenger receptor CD36 via its first transmembrane domain.

Low-Temperature In Situ Bonding with Ion-Free Neutral Species and Ammonia-Enhanced Activation for Microfluidic Chip Architecture.

With the advent of the AI era, silicon-based semiconductor material bonding has emerged as an important means to achieve optoelectronic integration and miniaturization. It is indispensable in areas such as micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS), Lab-on-Chip, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, and advanced hybrid bonding. However, existing bonding methods have several limitations, such as various types of plasma-induced damage and low in situ bonding strength.

Adsorbent of bacteria and inflammatory Factors: Injectable dual-network hydrogel for osteomyelitis treatment.

Current treatments for osteomyelitis are often hampered by biofilm formation, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and limited antibiotic penetration into infected bone tissue, all of which impede bone regeneration and prolong the disease progression. Herein, based on the chlorogenic acid (CA)-Mg coordination and covalent crosslinking of genipin (GP) with proteins, we proposed an injectable dual-network natural hydrogel named as CA-Mg/BSA-GP (CMBG) hydrogel. GP functions as a biological crosslinker, facilitating the adsorption and crosslinking exogenous bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polypeptide antibiotics, as well as endogenous inflammatory factors and bacterial surface proteins within the infection microenvironment.

Fourier-based Decoupling Network for Joint Low-Light Image Enhancement and Deblurring.

Nighttime handheld photography is often simultaneously affected by low light and blur degradations due to object motion and camera shake. Previous methods typically design specific modules to restore the degradations in the spatial domain independently. However, the interdependence of low light and blur degradations in the spatial domain makes it difficult for these approaches to effectively decouple the degradations, limiting the performance of the designed modules.

An Examination of the Relationship Between Spinal-Pelvic Morphology and Lower Lumbar Facet Joint Remodeling in Individuals with Mild Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

Objective: To examine the relationship between spinal-pelvic morphology based on pelvic incidence angle and facet joint characteristics in the lower lumbar spine of patients with mild degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Methods: The study involved 167 patients with mild degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and patients with 100 nonlumbar spondylolisthesis. Morphologic parameters of L4-5 and L5-S1 facet joints and intervertebral discs were assessed using 3D CT images, including facet joint angle, pedicle-facet angle, asymmetry, and osteoarthritis.

Effects of iterative metal artifact reduction techniques on diagnostic performance in patients with dental artifacts on carotid computed tomography angiography.

Background: Metal artifacts (MAs) induced by dental prostheses in carotid computed tomography angiography (CTA) significantly impair diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) technique in mitigating these artifacts.

Methods: Eighty-one patients with suspected vascular disorders and dental prostheses who underwent CTA imaging were retrospectively included.

Roles of multiple TEF30-associated intermediate complexes in the repair and reassembly of photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

During oxygenic photosynthesis, photosystem II (PSII) uses light energy for oxidizing water and reducing plastoquinone. It is susceptible to photodamage, and the damaged PSII is repaired through a sophisticated biological process assisted by numerous auxiliary proteins. Here we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of four PSII-repair complexes from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii associated with the Thylakoid Enriched Fraction 30 (TEF30, an orthologue of plant MET1) protein-namely, a TEF30-PSII core monomer (TEF30-C), two types of TEF30-PSII core dimers (types I and II, TEF30-C-I and TEF30-C-II) and a TEF30-CS-type PSII-LHCII supercomplex (TEF30-CS; S, strongly associated light-harvesting complex II trimer).

T16 modulated extracellular matrix remodeling in fibroblasts via paracrine activation of TGF-β1 through M2 macrophage polarization.

Background: T16 has demonstrated significant potential for regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling by modulating immune and fibroblast functions. This study investigated how T16 influences fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through macrophage polarization.

Methods: Uterosacral ligaments were collected from 15 patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and 6 patients without pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Structural and functional studies of the main replication protein NS1 of human parvovirus B19.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a ubiquitous virus that can infect the majority of human population and cause erythema infectiosum, acute arthropathy, and many other diseases. The main replication protein NS1 plays a critical role in cell cycle arrest, transactivation of viral and host genes, and replication and package of B19V genome. Both DNA nicking and unwinding activities are required for the in vivo function of NS1, but the underlying basis is poorly understood.

Sirt1 mitigates HT-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte injury potentially via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Sirt1 is crucial for cartilage homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an osteochondropathy linked to HT-2 toxin exposure. This study investigated Sirt1's role in HT-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte injury. Human fetal chondrocytes treated with HT-2 toxin (0, 5, 10, 20 ng/mL) for 48 h showed dose-dependent viability reduction, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation (↓Collagen II, ↓TIMP1, ↑MMP13), and senescence (↑P21, ↑β-galactosidase).

Discovery of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel FLT3/IRAK4 inhibitors.

Starting with the lead compound L-1, a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were developed as FLT3/IRAK4 inhibitors through three rounds of rational structural optimization. Among them, HB-29 had the remarkable activity towards FLT3-WT (IC = 1.95 nM) and IRAK4 (IC = 53.

Reliable Quantification of Conjugated Peptides from T-DM1 In Vivo by Two-Step Enrichment and Internal Standards from Derivatized Analytes.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the conjugation of antibody with cytotoxic payloads. Conjugated peptides that originate from ADCs are commonly used for pharmacokinetics (PK) study. However, a reliable and sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of conjugated peptides in vivo remains elusive, especially for randomly conjugated ADCs.

Deep-learning based multi-modal models for brain age, cognition and amyloid pathology prediction.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combined with artificial intelligence techniques, has improved our understanding of brain structural change and enabled the estimation of brain age. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been linked to accelerated brain aging. In this study, we aimed to develop a deep-learning framework that processes and integrates MRI images to more accurately predict brain age, cognitive function, and amyloid pathology.