Macrophage Nogo-B drives liver fibrosis.

Background & Aims: Liver fibrosis is characterized by sustained injury stress, chronic inflammation, and repeated cell death and repair, all of which promote the progression of end-stage liver diseases (e.g., liver cirrhosis and carcinoma).

Exploration of causal relationship between transplant rejection and immune cells: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Post-transplant rejection is a serious problem for patients undergoing organ transplantation. It is currently believed that immune-related factors are the main causes of transplant rejection, but the roles of many immune cell phenotypes are still unclear. We utilized Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the association between 731 immune cell and the risk of transplant rejection.

Photocatalytic CO-releasing spray hydrogel for in situ postoperative cancer treatment.

The high invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer increase the risk of postoperative recurrence. To address this issue, a composite hydrogel drug delivery system based on sodium alginate (SA) has been developed for the in situ release of carbon monoxide (CO) at the tumor resection site. This system aims to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and improve the clearance of residual tumor cells after surgery, thereby preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Deep Learning-Enhanced Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in 100 kV Low-Voltage Chest CT: A Novel Way Toward Bone Mineral Density Measurement and Radiation Dose Reduction.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of a deep learning (DL) method for fully automated vertebral body (VB) segmentation, region of interest (ROI) extraction, and bone mineral density (BMD) calculation using 100kV low-voltage chest CT performed for lung cancer screening across various scanners from different manufacturers and hospitals.

Materials And Methods: This study included 1167 patients who underwent 100 kV low-voltage chest and 120 kV lumbar CT from October 2022 to August 2024. Patients were divided into a training set (495 patients), a validation set (169 patients), and three test sets (245, 128, and 130 patients).

Clinical Diagnostic Value of 5 T MRI for Knee Injuries: A Comparison Study With 1.5 or 3 T.

Background: Preliminary studies have shown the potential of 5 T MRI in cardiac, neurovascular, and abdominal imaging. However, the clinical diagnostic value of 5 T for assessing knee injuries remains unclear.

Purpose: To compare the image quality, anatomic visibility, and diagnostic performance of 1.

The efficacy and acceptability of physical activity for mental health disorder: A comprehensive umbrella review of 103 meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Background: Despite numerous studies investigating the efficacy and acceptability of physical activity (PA) for specific mental health disorders, comprehensive guidelines on the appropriate type, frequency, and duration of PA for each disorder remain lacking. This review aims to synthesize effect sizes and provide a thorough evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of PA for mental health disorders.

Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Preoperative Stand-Alone Intraosseous Cefuroxime in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial Demonstrating Superior Tissue Concentrations and Improved Efficiency.

Background: Intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) achieves high local tissue concentrations and enhances efficacy when combined with intravenous cephalosporins. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of standalone intraosseous cefuroxime for TKA infection prophylaxis and determined its optimal dose.

Methods: There were 30 primary TKA patients divided into three groups: intraosseous administration of 750 mg cefuroxime (C750 group), intraosseous administration of 1,500 mg cefuroxime (C1500 group), and intravenous administration of 1,500 mg cefuroxime (C1500 group).

Does Hallux Valgus Impair Medial Forefoot Loading? A Meta-Analysis of Plantar Pressure Distribution.

Background: Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity that may alter plantar pressure distribution. This study aimed to determine whether hallux valgus consistently reduces medial forefoot (hallux and medial metatarsal) load and impulse through a meta-analysis of plantar pressure data and increases central metatarsal loading.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

The ALDH2-PKC delta-SHMT2 axis regulates cellular metabolic plasticity to promote leukemia stem cells self-renewal and evasion of chemotherapy in AML.

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) exhibit unique characteristics distinct from those of leukemia cells and are insensitive to conventional chemotherapeutics; thus, these cells ultimately contribute to treatment failure and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. A critical challenge remains as strategies are needed to precisely target the diverse molecular drivers of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), particularly in the context of their protective microenvironment, to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we investigated the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in chemotherapy resistance in patients with relapsed/refractory AML and demonstrated that elevated ALDH2 expression in LSCs is closely associated with AML relapse and treatment resistance.

The Lateral Acetabular Registration Technique of Robot-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty for Arthrodesed Hips: A Retrospective Cohort Study with a One-Year Follow-up.

Background: The hip joint is one of the peripheral joints most commonly affected by ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Previous research showed that compared to manual total hip arthroplasty (THA), robot-assisted THA significantly improves the likelihood of achieving cup positioning within the target zone.

Methods: In this study, we investigated robot-assisted THA for arthrodesed hips, including fused hip joints and fibrously fused hip joints.

Comparative Analysis of Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems in Solving Clinical Pharmacy Problems: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in clinical pharmacy; yet, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, limitations, and risks across diverse practice scenarios remains limited.

Objective: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate and compare the performance of 8 mainstream generative AI systems across 4 core clinical pharmacy scenarios-medication consultation, medication education, prescription review, and case analysis with pharmaceutical care-using a multidimensional framework.

Methods: Forty-eight clinically validated questions were selected via stratified sampling from real-world sources (eg, hospital consultations, clinical case banks, and national pharmacist training databases).

Feasibility of 100 kV Low-voltage Bone Mineral Density Measurement with Quantitative CT: Phantom and Clinical Research.

To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of 100 kV low-voltage quantitative CT (QCT) for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using the European Spine Phantom and patients. The accuracy and precision of the BMD measurements were assessed using relative measurement error (RME%), coefficient of variation (CV%), root mean square standard deviation (RMS-SD), and root mean square CV (RMS-%CV). Linear regression and Bland‒Altman analyses were used to assess the agreement between 100 and 120 kV QCT-based BMD measurements.

CT delta-radiomics predicts the risks of blood transfusion and massive bleeding during spinal tumor surgery.

Background: Intraoperative bleeding is a serious complication of spinal tumor surgery. Preoperative identification of patients at high risk of intraoperative blood transfusion (IBT) and intraoperative massive bleeding (IMB) before spinal tumor resection surgery is difficult but critical for surgical planning and blood management. This study aims to develop and validate delta radiomics prediction models for IBT and IMB in spinal tumor surgery.

Diagnostic value of dual-energy CT virtual monochromatic imaging for supraspinatus tendon injuries: a comparison with standard CT and MRI.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) virtual monochromatic imaging with that of standard computed tomography (SCT) in evaluating supraspinatus tendon injuries.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study involved patients who underwent a single-source DECT system, 3.0-T MRI, and shoulder arthroscopy within 14 days.

Deep-learning based multi-modal models for brain age, cognition and amyloid pathology prediction.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combined with artificial intelligence techniques, has improved our understanding of brain structural change and enabled the estimation of brain age. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been linked to accelerated brain aging. In this study, we aimed to develop a deep-learning framework that processes and integrates MRI images to more accurately predict brain age, cognitive function, and amyloid pathology.

[Analysis of four brominated flame retardants in mineral water and instant-noodle-bowl samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography using magnetic carbon aerogel as adsorbent].

Brominated flame retardants （BFRs） are widely used as organic flame retardants in plastic products， with most exhibiting strong biological toxicity as well as physical and chemical stability. BFRs inevitably remain in foods consumed on a daily basis through indirect or direct contact， thereby threatening human health. Therefore， establishing a fast and effective method for detecting and analyzing BFRs is imperative.

Improving Deep Learning-Based Grading of Partial-thickness Supraspinatus Tendon Tears with Guided Diffusion Augmentation.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning system with guided diffusion-based data augmentation for grading partial-thickness supraspinatus tendon (SST) tears and to compare its performance with experienced radiologists, including external validation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1150 patients with arthroscopically confirmed SST tears, divided into a training set (741 patients), validation set (185 patients), and internal test set (185 patients). An independent external test set of 224 patients was used for generalizability assessment.

Dvelopment and application of similar material for physical model test of an ultradeep foundation pit in round gravel strata.

The raw-material mix ratio and preparation of similar materials are crucial for the success of physical model tests and for accurately reflecting prototype properties. In this study, an optimum similar material for plateau alluvial and lacustrine (PAL) round gravel was developed based on similarity theory. The similar materials were subjected to sensitivity factor analysis and microscopic analysis.

Prevalence, risk characteristics, and prediction of low-dose edoxaban treatment in hospitalized patients: a multicenter, observational cohort study.

Background: Treatment with a low-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) is common among hospitalized patients, and a model to predict the need for such treatment would support individualized interventions. This study evaluated the prevalence of low-dose edoxaban treatment and developed and evaluated a model to predict low-dose administration of edoxaban among hospitalized patients.

Methods: This study included 1208 inpatients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) who were treated with edoxaban.

Deep Learning-enhanced Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in Ultralow-Voltage (80 kV) Chest CT: A Preliminary Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-enhanced, fully automated bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using the ultralow-voltage 80 kV chest CT scans performed for lung cancer screening.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 987 patients who underwent 80 kV chest and 120 kV lumbar CT from January to July 2024. Patients were collected from six CT scanners and divided into the training, validation, and test sets 1 and 2 (561: 177: 112: 137).

Functional Dendrimer Nanogels for DNA Delivery and Gene Therapy of Tumors.

Solving the dilemma between efficacy and cytotoxicity of cationic colloidal vectors is one of the biggest challenges in gene delivery. Cationic dendrimer assemblies with hierarchical structure, smart and biomimetic behaviors have been developed for drug/gene delivery in vivo. Among different dendrimer assemblies, the dendrimer-based nanogels were not intensively studied due to complicated synthesis and unknown properties.

Prediction of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: a nomogram based on F-FDG PET and thin-section CT radiomics with machine learning.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate radiomics-based nomograms for the identification of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 313 NSCLC patients, who were randomly divided into training (n = 250) and validation (n = 63) groups. Radiomic features were extracted from F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) and thin-section computed tomography (CT) scans.

Optimization of synthesis conditions of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 and its clinical application in prostate cancer.

Radioisotope-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET tracers have gained popularity in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, a novel biphenyl-containing tracer [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 targeting PSMA has been developed for PET imaging of PCa. The advantages of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 include high tumor uptake, simple synthesis, and convenient labeling, making it a promising PSMA PET tracer.

Quantification of the Proton Density Fat Fraction and Iron Content: A Comparative Study Between 3.0 T and 5.0 T MRI.

Background: Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* are noninvasive MRI biomarkers for quantifying fat and iron in abdominal organs. While 3.0 T MRI is widely used clinically, 5.