Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cell exosomes facilitate non-small cell lung cancer cell viability and invasiveness by delivering miR-182 in a FBXW7-related AKT and ERK-dependent pathway.

Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CA-MSCs, CA-MSC-derived exosomes and CA-MSC exosome-derived microRNA (miR)-182 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell viability and invasiveness. CA-MSCs were established by treating MSCs with supernatant from NSCLC cells.

De novo design of light-responsive protein-protein interactions enables reversible formation of protein assemblies.

Light-responsive proteins play an essential role in all domains of life by sensing and responding to environmental light signals. However, the de novo design of light-responsive proteins with precisely defined structures and reversible responsive behaviours is an unmet challenge. Here we describe a computational approach to design protein-protein interactions regulated by non-canonical amino acids, focusing on the light-responsive phenylalanine-4'-azobenzene (AzoF).

Causal structural covariance network identifies progressive gray matter atrophy in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Background: Adolescence is a period marked by high vulnerability to onset of depression. Neuroimaging studies have revealed considerableatrophy of brain structure in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the causal structural networks underpinning gray matter atrophies in depressed adolescents remain unclear.

RUNX2 stimulates BMP8A to facilitate fatty acid metabolism and cause osimertinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The most prevalent form of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), has significant incidence and fatality rates worldwide. When treating LUAD, osimertinib resistance is a typical problem. Thus, it is imperative to address the concerns of clarifying the mechanism of osimertinib resistance in LUAD and enhancing medication sensitivity.

tRF-5004b Enriched Secretory Autophagosomes Induce Endothelial Cell Activation to Drive Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury for which effective therapeutic agents are lacking. Excessive endothelial cell (EC) activation is a critical trigger of inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as prominent regulators of inflammatory responses.

Inflammatory arthritis immune related adverse events represent a unique autoimmune disease entity primarily driven by T cells, but likely not autoantibodies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced inflammatory arthritis (IA) is an increasingly recognized immune-related adverse event (irAE), yet its underlying immunopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where autoantibodies and B cell dysfunction are central features, the contribution of humoral immunity to IA irAE is unclear. Here, we performed in-depth immunophenotyping of peripheral blood from patients with IA irAE, and compared them with seronegative RA patients, ICI-treated patients without irAE, and healthy controls.

Precisely manipulating the d-band center of NiCoMoO·nHO for enhanced alkaline oxygen evolution with low overpotential.

Electrocatalytic water splitting has long been limited by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Replacing RuO and IrO with efficient, non-noble metal catalysts for the OER is crucial for advancing large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Leveraging the interactions between metal cations, the binary transition metal oxide NiMoO exhibits significant potential for the OER activity.

Effect of Light Intensity on Anthocyanin Synthesis Assessed Using Leaves of .

Background: Plant anthocyanins are a secondary metabolite widely distributed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants, and their synthesis is significantly affected by light intensity. To investigate the synthesis of anthocyanins in leaves under different light intensities is essential.

Methods: Using the commonly colored leaf variety 'Emerald' as the control group, and the red-leaf varieties 'Red Ruyi', 'Angel', and 'Gilly Red' as the experimental material, three light intensities were set: 254~368 μmol·m·s (CK), 588~678 μmol·m·s (T1), and 1125~1267 μmol·m·s (T2).

Structural Abnormalities of Olfactory-Related Brain Regions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline Individuals.

BackgroundOlfactory impairment might be already present at the subjective cognitive impairment (SCD) individuals, and deepens with disease severity in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory impairment in SCD individuals are not fully elucidated.MethodsA hundred and twenty enrolled older adults without dementia (25 healthy controls (HCs), 45 SCD individuals and 50 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals) completed olfactory assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning.

Optimization of synthesis conditions of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 and its clinical application in prostate cancer.

Radioisotope-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET tracers have gained popularity in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, a novel biphenyl-containing tracer [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 targeting PSMA has been developed for PET imaging of PCa. The advantages of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-D5 include high tumor uptake, simple synthesis, and convenient labeling, making it a promising PSMA PET tracer.

Reshape the Fates of Treg and CD8+T Cells Through IL-2Rα by Synergizing Divergent Receptor-Biased IL-2 PEGylates.

Clinical trials of receptor-biased interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants in cancer therapy show limited efficacy. To investigate, we re-evaluated divergent receptor-biased IL-2 PEGylates (generated via site-specific PEGylation at residues D20 (not-β) and Y45 (not-α)), alone or in combination. Results showed the not-α variant (Y45) activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) via βγ chain binding, overriding CD8+ T cells and impairing efficacy.

Lifetime depression, sleep disruption and brain structure in the UK Biobank cohort.

Whether depression and poor sleep interact or have statistically independent associations with brain structure and its change over time is not known. Within a subset of UK Biobank participants with neuroimaging and subjective and/or objective sleep data (n = 28,351), we examined associations between lifetime depression and sleep disruption, and their interaction with structural neuroimaging measures, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Sleep variables were: self-reported insomnia and difficulty getting up; actigraphy-derived short sleep (<7 h); sustained inactivity bouts during daytime (SIBD); and sleep efficiency.

The nutrient-sensing Rag-GTPase complex in B cells controls humoral immunity via TFEB/TFE3-dependent mitochondrial fitness.

Germinal center (GC) formation, which is an integrant part of humoral immunity, involves energy-consuming metabolic reprogramming. Rag-GTPases are known to signal amino acid availability to cellular pathways that regulate nutrient distribution such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3. However, the contribution of these factors to humoral immunity remains undefined.

Empyema Caused by Mixed Infection with and in a Patient with Previous Surgery for Oral Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Background: The incidence of community-acquired empyema caused by the group (SAG) has been on the rise in the 2020s. To the best of our knowledge, while empyema caused individually by either strain has been reported, there are no reports on empyema caused by concurrent infection with these two strains. Here, we report for the first time empyema caused by concurrent infection with and (both SAG species) in a postoperative patient who had been treated for floor of the mouth carcinoma.

FUNDC1 mediated mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis of epithelial cells in model of asthma by FBXL2/ar/GPX4 signaling pathway of SUMO1 at K136.

This study aimed to explore the critical role of FUNDC1 on epithelial cells in model of asthma. Patients with asthma and normal healthy volunteers were obtained from our hospital. The serum of FUNDC1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in patients with asthma.

Vacancy-rich heterogeneous MnCoO@NiS electrocatalyst for highly efficient overall water splitting.

Alkaline water electrolysis is regarded as a promising technology for sustainable energy conversion. Spinel oxides have attracted considerable attention as potential catalysts because of their diverse metal valence states. However, achieving the required current densities at low voltages is a challenge due to its limited active sites and suboptimal electron transport.

CPT2-mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation Is Dispensable for Humoral Immunity.

B cell activation is accompanied by dynamic metabolic reprogramming, supported by a multitude of nutrients that include glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. Although several studies have indicated that fatty acid mitochondrial oxidation is critical for immune cell functions, contradictory findings have been reported. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) is a critical enzyme for long-chain fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria.

Increase 68 Ga-FAPI Uptake in Urogenital Tuberculosis.

Urogenital tuberculosis is one of common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A 60-year-old man with an elevated prostate-specific antigen level underwent multiparametric MRI, which revealed abnormal signals in the prostate. However, the 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT results were unrevealing.

PP2A catalytic subunit alpha is critically required for CD8 T-cell homeostasis and antibacterial responses.

Although the functions of tyrosine phosphatases in T-cell biology have been extensively studied, our knowledge on the contribution of serine/threonine phosphatases in T cells remains poor. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundantly expressed serine/threonine phosphatases. It is important in thymocyte development and CD4 T-cell differentiation.

CPT2 mediated fatty acid oxidation is dispensable for humoral immunity.

B cell activation is accompanied by dynamic metabolic reprogramming, supported by a multitude of nutrients that include glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. While several studies have indicated that fatty acid mitochondrial oxidation is critical for immune cell functions, contradictory findings have been reported. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) is a critical enzyme for long-chain fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria.