Distribution Hotspots, Formation Mechanisms, and Ecological Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species in Soil and Sediment: A Critical Review.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radical (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH), and singlet oxygen (O), are commonly present in soil and sediment, playing a crucial role in the nutrient biogeochemical cycle, pollutant transformation, and microbial ecology. Previous reviews mainly emphasized ROS toxicity and Fenton chemistry-related reactions, neglecting a comprehensive understanding of ROS distribution and hotspots, formation mechanisms, and ecological effects. Here, the most advanced and detection methods of ROS in soil and sediment are first summarized to address these gaps.

Phytochemicals, Extraction Methods, Health Benefits, and Applications of Loquat ( Lindl.) and Its By-Products: A Comprehensive Review.

Loquat (), a plant native to China and having extensive medicinal values, has recently drawn considerable attention. The current research on loquat mainly centers on its preservation, processing, and extraction of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, there are still challenges and problems in the medical research and application of loquat and its byproducts.

A novel ST-GCN model based on homologous microstate for subject-independent seizure prediction.

Due to the lack of validated universal seizure markers, population-level prediction methods often exhibit limited performance. This study proposes homologous microstate dynamic attributes as a generalized, subject-independent seizure marker. Homologous microstate dynamic attributes were extracted using a novel spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) model for subject-independent seizure prediction.

A spatially aware global and local perspective approach for few-shot incremental learning.

The ability to continuously perceive new concepts with extremely limited samples is innate in human beings. Few-shot incremental learning impersonates this ability by constructing an intelligent learning mechanism, and its intention is to identify novel categories from a given few instances gradually. The crucial means of few-shot incremental learning is to yield a model with the generalization ability to highlight the dominant object in the image and make the appearance of the object smoother by leveraging prior knowledge.

The effect of changing heat use patterns on residential energy efficiency in a Japanese smart community.

In light of the prospective development of smart communities and the significant effect of residential energy consumption on global CO emissions, addressing sustainable household energy efficiency solutions is extremely critical. Given the lack of properly designated energy models for residential energy reduction, the primary objective of this study is to implement integrated energy prediction models and occupant-related parameters in proposing human-centered energy-saving and low-carbon building solutions. Specifically, on-site electricity monitoring and behavioral questionnaires were conducted before inputting the real-time data into physics-based modeling for building energy forecasts.

Management and control decision of energy intensity in logistics industry under the background of dual carbon strategy in China.

In view of the rare research on energy intensity control in the logistics industry at home and abroad, this study constructs a research framework on the basis of analyzing the development status of energy intensity in the logistics industry, proposes the demand on management and control (M&C) and establishes the M&C mechanism, uses the mathematical model as the M&C tool, sets the corresponding parameters and implements the M&C decision on energy intensity in the logistics industry. The research shows that the energy intensity in China's logistics industry is still at a high level and needs to implement M&C. For the identified M&C objects, exponential model, difference model and linear model can be used to accurately control the energy intensity in the logistics industry, and decision maker can make decisions based on M&C.

Regulating CO adsorption performance of lychee seed-based porous carbon materials: Insights into oxygen groups and pore structure.

Herein, porous carbon materials rich in oxygen (O)-containing functional groups and with abundant micropores were synthesized by carbonizing lychee seeds activated with various activators at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C. The incorporation of potassium and sodium salts during activation effectively modulated both the surface O functionalities and the microporous structure of the resulting porous carbon materials. The influence of these characteristics on CO adsorption performance was systematically investigated.

A Drosophila single-cell 3D spatiotemporal multi-omics atlas unveils panoramic key regulators of cell-type differentiation.

The development of a multicellular organism is a highly intricate process tightly regulated by numerous genes and pathways in both spatial and temporal manners. Here, we present Flysta3D-v2, a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of the model organism Drosophila spanning its developmental lifespan from embryo to pupa. Our datasets encompass 3D single-cell spatial transcriptomic, single-cell transcriptomic, and single-cell chromatin accessibility information.

Emotion recognition framework based on adaptive window selection and CA-KAN.

In recent years, emotion recognition, particularly EEG-based emotion recognition, has found widespread application across various domains. Enhancing EEG data processing and emotion recognition models remains a key research focus in this field. This paper presents an emotion recognition framework combining the CUSUM algorithm-based adaptive window selection technique with the convolutional attention-enhanced Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (CA-KAN).

Multiphysics-Coupled Load-Bearing Capacity of Piezoelectric Stacks in Low-Temperature Environments.

Under low-temperature conditions, the load-bearing capacity of piezoelectric stacks arises from coupled thermo-electro-mechanical interactions, with temperature fluctuations, compressive prestress, and excitation voltage critically modulating performance. This study introduces an integrated measurement platform to systematically quantify these interdependencies, employing a cantilever-based sensing mechanism where bending strain serves as a direct metric of load-bearing capacity. A particle swarm-optimized theoretical framework guides the spatial configuration of actuators and sensors, maximizing strain signal fidelity while suppressing noise interference.

FpFumB Is Required for Basic Biological Processes and Virulence in by Modulating DNA Repair Through Interaction with FpSae2.

Fumarase plays a pivotal role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but its functions in plant pathogenic fungi are not well understood. We identified two fumarase genes in and generated individual deletion mutants. Loss of led to defects in growth, sporulation, stress tolerance, and virulence.

Cepharanthine Inhibits via Oxidative Stress and CFEM Domain-Containing Protein Targeting.

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid known for its antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Its antifungal effect, however, has not been well studied. In this work, we used machine learning-based virtual screening with Random Forest, Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine models to identify potential inhibitors of .

Moral Stories Can Promote Honesty in Chinese Young Children.

Stories are widely used by parents or educators to teach children the virtue of honesty. However, the existing empirical findings on the effect of story-telling on children's honesty are limited and mixed. This study examined whether moral stories involving honesty can promote honesty in Chinese preschool children (N = 208).

Research on Motion Transfer Method from Human Arm to Bionic Robot Arm Based on PSO-RF Algorithm.

Although existing motion transfer methods for bionic robot arms are based on kinematic equivalence or simplified dynamic models, they frequently fail to tackle dynamic compliance and real-time adaptability in complex human-like motions. To address this shortcoming, this study presents a motion transfer method from the human arm to a bionic robot arm based on the hybrid PSO-RF (Particle Swarm Optimization-Random Forest) algorithm to improve joint space mapping accuracy and dynamic compliance. Initially, a high-precision optical motion capture (Mocap) system was utilized to record human arm trajectories, and Kalman filtering and a Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother were applied to reduce noise and phase lag.

ARTP mutagenesis for genome-wide identification of genes important for biofilm regulation in spoilage bacterium PF08.

is a vital food spoilage bacterium and commonly spoils foods in the form of biofilms. Yet its biofilm regulation strategies have not been fully revealed. Here, we conducted a genome-wide screen of genes important for biofilm regulation using atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis together with the whole-genome resequencing technology.

Components Identification of Durian Shell Water Extract and Its Inhibitory Effect against the Postharvest Pathogen .

Durian shell waste represents an underutilized resource for postharvest preservatives. This study systematically characterized the components of durian shell water extract (DSWE) using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and evaluated its antifungal efficacy against . Our results demonstrated that DSWE induced fungal oxidative stress and membrane disruption, significantly suppressing growth, pathogenicity, and patulin production .

Regulation of Arginine Metabolism by Transcription Factor Btn2p in a Mixed Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Subsequent Ethanol Tolerance.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a natural carcinogen widely found in fermented alcoholic beverages. The compound is mainly generated through the reaction of urea and citrulline with ethanol. The transcription factor Btn2p may affect arginine metabolism, and thus regulate EC in different fermentation systems.

Economic and social determinants of life expectancy in China.

Life expectancy (LEX) is closely linked to SDG 3: Good Health and Wellbeing, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all ages. Improving LEX reflects progress in reducing preventable diseases, enhancing healthcare access, and addressing social determinants of health. By focusing on economic growth, education, and healthcare, countries can achieve sustainable improvements in life expectancy, contributing to the broader goals of SDG 3.

Fermented Dairy Products as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Host Health: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence, and Future Directions.

Dairy products-encompassing yogurt, kefir, cheese, and cultured milk beverages-are emerging as versatile, food-based modulators of gut microbiota and host physiology. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights demonstrating how live starter cultures and their fermentation-derived metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bioactive peptides, and exopolysaccharides) act synergistically to enhance microbial diversity, reinforce epithelial barrier integrity via upregulation of tight-junction proteins, and modulate immune signaling. Clinical evidence supports significant improvements in metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, lipid profiles, blood pressure) and reductions in systemic inflammation across metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and IBS cohorts.

Finely Designing Dicarboxylic Acid-Based Protic Ionic Liquids System for Tailoring Lignin Structure via Demethylation Strategy.

As one kind of renewable aromatic polymer, lignin is severely underused due to its chemical recalcitrance. Lignin can endure demethylation modification to improve its activation by releasing more active functional groups. However, the process suffers from expensive, corrosive, and toxic issues by employing halogen-containing reagents, which has become an obstacle to industrial applications.

Exploring DHHers experience influencing factors in multimedia-based driving training through a service design study.

Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals (DHHers) have the right to learn to drive and obtain driving licenses. However, it is not friendly for them to learn to drive in China. Society and scholars have paid little attention to this phenomenon.

Forecasting of natural gas consumption in China's logistics industry based on semi-hierarchical control.

This paper proposes a research framework based on semi-hierarchical control, analyzes the mechanism of gas instead of oil in China's logistics industry, and uses several forecasting methods to forecast. The research findings include that: (1) the driving mechanism of substitution of natural gas for gasoline and diesel indicates that natural gas is encouraged by China's policies and the cost of use is lower, China's logistics industry will reduce its dependence on gasoline and diesel. (2) By using grey forecasting method, regression trend method and Bass model to forecast natural gas consumption in logistics industry, they show that the forecasting results under different circumstances are helpful for China's government departments to estimate the consumption trend of natural gas in logistics industry according to different market environments.

Phytochemicals from a Desert Crop, Sand Rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), and Their Inflammatory Activity.

Agriophyllum squarrosum (sand rice), a resilient desert plant with ecological and nutritional significance, has applications in food, forage, and traditional medicine. Despite its traditional use in China for treating inflammatory symptoms such as ophthalmia, urethritis, and oral ulcers, limited phytochemical studies restrict its pharmacological exploration. In this study, ten undescribed isoflavanone derivatives, including dihydroisoflavanones (-) and coumaronochromones (-), along with thirty-six known compounds (-), were isolated from A.

Ultrasonic fabrication of all-cellulose-based films with vibrant tunable structural colors for visual soil moisture detection.

The development of nanomaterial-based intelligent stimuli-responsive devices with structural colors has drawn considerable attention. However, the simultaneous achievement of high color saturation and green degradability in these materials still remains major challenge. Herein, cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth, was chosen as the raw material, and an ultrasound energy-disturbance strategy was employed to modulate the uniform evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).

A CRISPR-Cas13a powered electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide, polypyrrole and gold nanoparticles nanocomposites for PEDV detection.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for porcine epidemic diarrhea, which causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets, leading to substantial economic losses in the swine industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection methods for PEDV. In this study, we develop a rapid, ultrasensitive electrochemical CRISPR-based biosensor for detecting PEDV with high sensitivity and specificity.