Synthesis, human carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibition, and in silico studies of 2-ethoxy-6-formylphenyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-sulfonate derived thiosemicarbazones.

This study describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-ethoxy-6-formylphenyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-sulfonate-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) as potential inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I and hCA II. Among the synthesized compounds, 5 k exhibited potent inhibition, with IC values of 89.25 nM and 54.

Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for Efficient Production of Erythritol by Decoding and Harnessing Osmotic-Stress-Responsive Genetic Targets.

Metabolic engineering has proven effective for enhancing erythritol production in Yarrowia lipolytica, while current approaches remain limited by their focus on laboratory strains and labor-intensive genetic modifications. To address these challenges, this study developed a streamlined engineering strategy by systematically investigating the osmotic stress response mechanisms of Yarrowia lipolytica CA20 during erythritol fermentation and identifying key genetic determinants of cell growth and erythritol biosynthesis. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that nucleotide, lipid, amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism were essential for osmotic adaptation, which was experimentally validated through targeted gene overexpression.

Fast aqueous synthesis of hydrogel-immobilized papain-CuSO@SiO for on-site solanine detection.

Solanine is a toxic glycoalkaloid naturally present in potatoes and other Solanaceae crops, and its accumulation during storage poses a serious risk to food safety. However, current detection methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, are costly, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for rapid on-site analysis. In this study, we present a fast, green, and cost-effective colorimetric sensing platform for solanine detection based on a biomimetic papain-CuSO₄@SiO₂ nanozyme.

Microplastics in crustaceans imposing potential risk on human health: transferring, degradation, synergy, and metabolism.

This review elucidates the biotransformation mechanisms and ecological health risks of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) in crustaceans, aiming to address knowledge gaps in their biological degradation processes and associated hazards. It highlights MNPs presence in crustaceans, emphasizing factors influencing their toxicity, including metabolic pathways post-ingestion and subsequent transfer to humans through the food chain. Direct and indirect toxic effects on crustaceans and humans are summarized, alongside potential implications of MNP metabolism.

DBRSNet: a dual-branch remote sensing image segmentation model based on feature interaction and multi-scale feature fusion.

High-resolution images encapsulate abundant geographical information; however, precise semantic segmentation is essential for effective remote sensing image interpretation. Remote sensing semantic segmentation categorizes pixel-level image information into distinct land cover types, providing essential support for urban planning, resource management, and environmental monitoring. However, existing approaches encounter two major challenges: insufficient retention of fine-grained local details and suboptimal global contextual modeling, especially in intricate and high-resolution remote sensing scenarios.

Effect and mechanism of chlorogenic acid inhibition of starch enzymatic hydrolysis: Comparison of different processing methods.

The inhibitory mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CA) on starch enzymolysis was explored in terms of the effects of on amylases and starch. Molecular docking, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the interaction between CA and amylases. CA changed the secondary structure of amylases, caused fluorescence quenching, and linked to α-amylase and amylglucosidase with binding energy of -12.

Exploring the Interplay Between Soil and Plants Under Biochar Application to Enhance Plant Resilience in a Changing Environment.

Plants are at the core of agriculture and human nutrition [...

Leveling Method of Working Platform Based on PZT Electromechanical Coupling Effect.

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics are widely used functional materials due to their strong and stable piezoelectric properties. A leveling method based on lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics is proposed for the high level of accuracy required in microelectromechanical fields such as aerospace, industrial robotics, biomedical, and photolithography. A leveling mechanism consisting of core components such as piezoelectric ceramic actuators and sensors is designed.

Unraveling the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkali treatment on β-lactoglobulin-flavonoids covalent complex system formation and its potential for lipophilic bioactive compounds delivery.

The limited water solubility and poor bioavailability of curcumin (Cur) and lycopene (Lyc) significantly restrict their use in food-related applications. Therefore, the development of various delivery systems to enhance Cur/Lyc solubility and bioavailability is essential. This study focuses on the formation of covalent complex of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) with six flavonoids (apigenin (API), luteolin (LUT), myricetin (MY), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (AGL), luteolin-7-glucoside (LGL), and myricitrine (MYR)) by ultrasound-assisted alkali treatment and construction of functional delivery system.

Photocatalytic Waste Polystyrene Plastic Conversion: Reaction Mechanism and Catalyst Design.

The rapid accumulation of plastic waste has caused global environmental pollution and resource scarcity. Converting plastic wastes into valuable chemicals and fuels has emerged as promising strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and promote a circular economy. Especially, photocatalytic conversion of waste polystyrene (PS) plastic has received much attention in recent years.

Study on the Adsorption Behavior of a Cellulose Nanofibril/Tannic Acid/Polyvinyl Alcohol Aerogel for Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) Heavy Metal Ions.

Nanocellulose-based composite aerogels have the advantages of high porosity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, with wide applications in many fields, such as adsorption, separation, energy storage, and heat insulation. In this study, a nanocellulose-based composite aerogel (NCA) was prepared using the one-pot method with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), tannic acid (TA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials. The adsorption behaviors of Pb, Cd, and Cu were also studied.

Aeration-assisted removal of tetracycline from wastewater by biochar: mechanisms and cost-benefit analysis.

The synergistic removal of antibiotics from wastewater by biochar adsorption and degradation under aeration-driven conditions is limited so far, and its feasibility has not been evaluated through a cost-benefit analysis. This study systematically investigated the removal of tetracycline by four biochars such as peanut shell biochar (PSB), rice straw biochar (RSB), sewage sludge biochar (SSB), and putrescible waste biochar (PWB) from wastewater under aeration conditions, then explored their mechanisms and key influence factors. Furthermore, a rigorous cost-benefit analysis was conducted to assess the economic feasibility of the aeration-assisted biochar method.

Ta-YOLO: overcoming target blocked challenges in greenhouse tomato detection and counting.

Screening and cultivating healthy small tomatoes, along with accurately predicting their yields, are crucial for sustaining the economy of tomato industry. However, in field scenarios, counting small tomato fruits is often hindered by environmental factors such as leaf shading. To address this challenge, this study proposed the Ta-YOLO modeling framework, aimed at improving the efficiency and accuracy of small tomato fruit detection.

Identifying the Role of YAP in the Development of Rumen Epithelium Using 3D Organoid.

Ruminants are of significant economic importance, and their unique digestive system features the rumen as a vital organ. The rumen is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, plays a crucial role in absorbing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generated through microbial fermentation, thereby meeting the daily energy requirements of these animals. The maintenance of the rumen epithelium is a matter of concern.

Transcriptomic investigation reveals a potential mechanism of white LED irradiation inhibiting the growth and pathogenicity of the blue mold pathogen Penicillium expansum.

LED visible light irradiation demonstrates significant potential for suppressing postharvest pathogens, yet the antifungal efficacy and underlying mechanisms of white light spectrum remain poorly understood. This study systematically evaluated the inhibitory effects of two white LED irradiation intensities (40 and 120 μmol m s) against Penicillium expansum through in vitro and in vivo trials, with darkness as the control, while elucidating the mechanistic basis via transcriptomic profiling. In vitro experiments revealed that white LED irradiation effectively suppressed fungal growth and induced substantial disruption of cell membrane integrity.

N-terminal acetyltransferase complex FonNatA acetylates transcriptional factor FonMeaB to regulate the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum on watermelon.

N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) complexes play key roles in various biological processes; however, their functions and mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi remain poorly understood. This study explores the roles of FonNAT complexes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Hybrid AI and semiconductor approaches for power quality improvement.

This research presents a novel approach to improving electric power quality using semiconductor devices by integrating Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and advanced control strategies. The research addresses key power quality challenges - including voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and transient disturbances - through a data-driven framework that combines traditional control techniques with adaptive learning models. A variety of algorithms, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, were tested using real-time data.

Enhancing fresh-cut spinach preservation with carbon quantum dot-based composite coatings.

In order to address the issue of fresh-cut vegetable waste, this research was done on postharvest preservation techniques using carbon dots (CDs) and sericin protein (SC) composite coatings (SCCD). SCCD was synthesized using ultrasound technology, exhibiting promising antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The influence of CDs concentration variations on the morphological, fluorescence quenching, UV-shielding, and structural properties of SCCD was comprehensively investigated.

Synthesis, Anti-Alzheimer Evaluation and In Silico Study of 4-Methoxyphenyl)Sulfonyl Indole Hybrid Thiosemicarbazones.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurological disorder linked to behavioral, psychological, and language abnormalities as well as memory loss. A series of 1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-v) had been synthesized and screened for their potential against AD. The compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects against cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A).

Deep learning-based in-ambulance speech recognition and generation of prehospital emergency diagnostic summaries using LLMs.

Objective: The timely and accurate submission of prehospital electronic medical records is crucial for the efficiency of medical rescue operations. However, personnel professional experience, training cycles, and environmental conditions often influence its completion rate. This study proposes integrating noise-robust speech recognition technology with large language models (LLMs) to generate emergency diagnosis summaries.

Response to microplastics exposure and changes in system performance: a stark contrast between domestic sewage and landfill leachate.

Explored the evolution process of representative polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) in anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment of domestic sewage and landfill leachate, and their effects on system efficiency, sludge performance, and microbial community structure. The results showed that microplastics (MPs) promoted the degradation of COD and NH-N in domestic wastewater (approximately 99.00% and 98.

Reversible Thermochromic Phase Change Material Microcapsules With High Latent Heat via Cellulose Nanocrystal Stabilized Pickering Emulsion for Smart Coatings.

Thermochromic (TC) smart coatings are promising for temperature indicator and anti-counterfeiting. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate multifunctional TC coatings with sustainable materials by facile approaches. Herein, reversible TC phase change material (PCM) microcapsules with high latent heat, stability, rapid color-response, and tunable color-changing temperature are facile prepared via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) stabilized Pickering emulsion.

Mechanistic insights into nerve agent VX detoxification by engineered phosphotriesterase.

Nerve agents are extremely toxic, and their safe and efficient degradation remains a major challenge in decontamination strategies. Phosphotriesterase (PTE), with its broad substrate range, is currently the only known enzyme capable of degrading V-type nerve agents, making it a strong candidate for enzymatic biodegradation. Among engineered variants, the mutant 10-2-C3(C59V/C227V) is recognized as the most effective enzyme for degrading V-type nerve agents.

Revealing key antioxidant compounds and mechanisms in Fritillaria Bulbus by metabolomics and network pharmacology.

Medicinal food homology substances have served as a traditional means of overcoming many health complications, and gained increasing attention. Fritillaria Bulbus is used as an edible herbal food with medicinal food homology; however, its antioxidant efficacy substantially varies among different species. In this study, an integrated approach of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-based metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking was used to compare the antioxidant activities of four FBs and identify the active compounds and potential mechanisms.

How do family firms balance economic and non-economic goals: from symbiosis to competition.

Introduction: The coexistence of non-economic and economic goals is a prominent feature of family firms. However, does the pursuit of non-economic goals necessarily imply that the economic goals should be sacrificed? Our research addresses this question by exploring the symbiotic or competitive relationship between non-economic goals and economic goals in Chinese family firms, and the moderating effect of firm size and firm age.

Methods: Based on 2877 firm-year observations of Chinese listed family firms from year 2009 to 2019, this paper examines the relationship between non-economic goals (measured by family management) and economic goals (measured by firm performance).