Gut microbiota links to histological damage in chronic HBV infection patients and aggravates fibrosis via fecal microbiota transplantation in mice.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been observed in HBV-related cirrhosis, but its role in early-stage disease and its correlation with liver pathology remain unclear. Moreover, whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of liver cirrhosis is still debated. We recruited 20 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection, assessing liver injury via biopsy.

A bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting EGFR and HER3 in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 1b trial.

Research on patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who have progressed on immunotherapy remains limited. BL-B01D1 is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate consisting of an EGFR-HER3 bispecific antibody bound to a topoisomerase I inhibitor (Ed-04) payload via a cleavable linker. Here, we present safety and efficacy data from a phase 1 study of BL-B01D1, in 82 patients previously treated for ESCC.

Telmisartan Ameliorates Hypertension-Induced Kidney Damage by Restoring Glomerular Endothelial Barrier Function.

Hypertension-induced renal injury arises from endothelial dysfunction and elevated glomerular permeability. Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker (ARB), is commonly used to treat hypertension and is known for its long-lasting effects, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of Telmisartan on glomerular permeability are less well-documented.

Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activity of the Scorpion-Derived Peptide GK8.

The increasing infection and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a major threat to public health, making exploring new and effective antimicrobial agents particularly important. In this study, the scorpion-derived cationic peptide GK8 was designed, which showed effectiveness against P. aeruginosa including clinical resistance strains with low hemolytic activity.

Metabolic, transcriptomic, and proteomic adaptations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-patient derived xenograft models across serial passages.

Background: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are crucial for tumor biology and therapeutic response evaluations. The metabolic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes in PDX models derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) during serial passaging remain poorly understood.

Methods: We established 33 PDX models from 43 PDAC patients and collected 40 benign pancreatic tissues as controls for metabolomic analysis using H NMR spectroscopy.

U-shaped relationship between weight-adjusted waist index and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in critically ill patients.

Background: The relationship between obesity and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has long been a topic of interest, and the newly introduced weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) has better stability in differentiating between visceral fat and muscle mass. However, the relationship between WWI and AECOPD is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the potential relationship between WWI and AECOPD in critically ill patients.

High-Dose Aumolertinib for Untreated EGFR-Variant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Brain Metastases: The ACHIEVE Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Central nervous system (CNS) metastases remain a significant challenge in the management of EGFR-variant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Objective: To evaluate the activity and safety of high-dose aumolertinib in patients with untreated EGFR-variant NSCLC and brain metastases.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial conducted at 10 centers in China.

Camrelizumab Plus Famitinib versus Camrelizumab Alone and Investigator's Choice of Chemotherapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Randomized, Phase II Study.

Purpose: To compare camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody) plus famitinib (a multitarget receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) versus camrelizumab and chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (R/M CC).

Methods: Patients with pretreated R/M CC were randomly assigned to receive camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks) plus famitinib (20 mg orally once daily), camrelizumab, or investigator's choice of chemotherapy. The primary end point was comparison of objective response rate (ORR) per blinded independent central review (BICR) for camrelizumab-famitinib versus camrelizumab in the intention-to-treat population.

Efficacy and safety of a biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Ecnoglutide is a novel cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist currently in development for weight management. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once weekly ecnoglutide versus placebo for the treatment of overweight or obesity in Chinese adults.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial was done at 36 medical centres across China.

Pathway-based cancer transcriptome deciphers a high-resolution intrinsic heterogeneity within bladder cancer classification.

Background: The heterogeneity of bladder cancer (BLCA) is affected by its inherent transcriptional properties and tumor microenvironment (TME). Stromal transcriptional components in the TME significantly influence the transcriptional classification of BLCA, and the intrinsic biological transcriptional characteristics of cancer cells may be obscured by the dominant, lineage-dependent transcriptional components of stromal origin. This study aimed to explore the degree and mechanisms by which cancer-intrinsic gene expression profiles contribute to the classification and prognosis of BLCA patients.

Impaired glymphatic system function in relapsing-remitting multiple Sclerosis: Insights from diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, an enlarged perivascular space, cognitive impairment, and inflammatory immune response has been associated with the glymphatic dysfunction. Therefore, we employed the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic function in RRMS patients. The study included 39 RRMS patients and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC).

Anlotinib combined with benmelstobart as a chemo-free first-line treatment in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an exploratory multicenter, single-arm phase II clinical trial.

Background: No combined antiangiogenic and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been investigated as a chemo-free first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with benmelstobart as a chemo-free treatment in previously untreated advanced ESCC, and identifies potential predictive biomarkers using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: ALTER-E-003, a single-arm, open-label phase II trial, enrolled patients with advanced ESCC across five Chinese centers.

Clinical management of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: current evidence and future directions.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. The lungs are among the first and most significantly affected organs in sepsis. Pulmonary infections or systemic inflammatory cascades triggered by various pathogens can lead to acute and diffuse pulmonary damage, often manifesting as persistent hypoxemia.

Sacituzumab tirumotecan versus docetaxel for previously treated -mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT) with docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after previous treatment failure with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and platinum based chemotherapy.

Design: Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 48 centres in China, 1 September 2023 to 31 December 2024.

HS-10375, a selective EGFR C797S tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The C797S mutation is one of the most common mechanisms of acquired resistance to third generation EGFR TKIs, yet no approved therapies have been available to target it. Here we developed a novel selective EGFR C797S inhibitor, HS-10375, and report the results of pre-clinical research and the first-in-human phase 1 trial.

Methods: Ba/F3 cell lines and patient-derived cells expressing mutant EGFR were used to test the selectively inhibitory potency of HS-10375 in vitro, and cell line-derived xenograft animal models were used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of HS-10375 in vivo.

2025 Chinese guideline for the imaging diagnosis and evaluation of Takayasu arteritis.

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) presents as systemic vasculitis. Imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and evaluation of TAK, but the rational selection of imaging methods and interpretation of imaging results are major challenges in clinical practice, which can affect treatment decisions. This guideline aims to establish standardized protocols for selecting imaging modalities (as well as interpreting their findings) in TAK.

Rare comorbidity of colon cancer, hepatic malignant mesothelioma, and abdominal Ewing's sarcoma: a case report.

We present a rare case of a patient with a history of colon cancer who subsequently developed hepatic mesothelioma and extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma 10 years after surgery. The diagnosis of three completely different types of cancer in the same patient over a decade was confirmed through histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. This case highlights the importance of clinicians maintaining a heightened awareness and clinical vigilance regarding multiple primary cancers, ensuring patients receive comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for improved prognosis and desired survival outcomes.

Association of tirzepatide with cardiometabolic benefits in Chinese adults: post hoc subgroup analysis of SURMOUNT-CN study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of tirzepatide with body weight, cardiometabolic markers, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese participants achieving normal body mass index (BMI) values by week 52 across baseline BMI subgroups.

Methods: This post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT-CN assessed the association of tirzepatide with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese participants, categorized by Chinese-specific anthropometric cutoffs for BMI and waist circumference. The association of early weight loss (greater or less than median at 12 and 24 weeks) with cardiometabolic markers and metabolic syndrome was evaluated.

The effect of sleep quality on glucose variability among adolescents with type 1 diabetes in China: A multi-central temporal longitudinal association analysis.

Study Objectives: High glucose variability is common among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). On person level, poor sleep quality has been reported to be an important factor associated with high glucose variability among adolescents with T1DM. However, on day level, the effect of sleep quality on glucose variability remains unclear, limiting temporal adjustment of treatment regimens.

Cholesteatoma: An Updated Review of Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Directions.

Cholesteatoma, an abnormal accumulation of keratinized squamous epithelium in the middle ear, occurs as a locally invasive but histologically benign lesion. Its capacity for bone erosion leads to significant complications, including hearing loss, facial nerve paralysis, and intracranial infections. Chronic inflammation is central to its pathogenesis, with proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 activating signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK.

Knowledge of monkeypox and willingness to vaccinate against monkeypox among Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the current knowledge level of Chinese college students about monkeypox and their willingness to receive vaccination against monkeypox and to analyze its influencing factors to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to accelerate vaccination.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey via a self-filling electronic questionnaire, and data were collected from July 1 to 16, 2023. The subjects were Chinese college students.

Current research of the Notch pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Notch signaling is a widely preserved communication pathway that supports essential cellular functions by allowing adjacent cells to interact. The Notch signaling pathway consists of Notch ligands (DSL proteins), Notch receptors, DNA-binding proteins, and downstream target genes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths globally and poses a significant threat to human health.

Apelin-13 enhances neurofunctional recovery and suppresses neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/NF-κB axis in ischemic stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability, with neuroinflammation driving secondary brain injury. Microglial activation contributes to neuronal apoptosis, BBB disruption, and prolonged neurological deficits. Apelin-13, an endogenous peptide, has demonstrated neuroprotective potential, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Porustobart (HBM4003) plus Toripalimab as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Study.

Purpose: The study was conducted to evaluate porustobart (HBM4003), a novel anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 monoclonal antibody, combined with toripalimab as second-line therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: This phase I study included two cohorts of patients with advanced HCC: cohort 1 included patients who were anti-PD-1/PD-L1 naïve and had received first-line anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and cohort 2 included patients who had failed prior first-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies. Porustobart (0.

Rapid Onset of Pain Relief with Crisugabalin in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Findings from a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study.

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Crisugabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP), with a focus on its rapid onset of action.

Methods: All the analyses in this study were based on data from a phase 2/3 adaptive randomized clinical trial that enrolled 596 patients. Participants were categorized into four treatment groups according to the intervention received: Crisugabalin 40 mg/day, Crisugabalin 80 mg/day, placebo, and Pregabalin 300 mg/day.